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‎docs/c-language/alignment-c.md‎

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---
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title: "Alignment (C11)"
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description: "Describes Microsoft Visual C type alignment"
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ms.date: 06/22/2021
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ms.date: 06/29/2021
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helpviewer_keywords: ["_Alignof keyword [C]", "_Alignas keyword [C]", "memory, alignment"]
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# Alignment (C11)
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{
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int value; // aligns on a 4-byte boundary. There will be 28 bytes of padding between value and alignas
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alignas(32) char alignedMemory[32]; // assuming a 32 byte friendly cache alignment
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} cacheFriendly; // this struct will be 32-byte aligned because alignedMemory is 32-byte alligned and is the largest alignment specified in the struct
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} cacheFriendly; // this struct will be 32-byte aligned because alignedMemory is 32-byte aligned and is the largest alignment specified in the struct
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int main()
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{
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## Requirements
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[`/std:c11`](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md) or later is required.
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Compile with [`/std:c11`](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md).
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Requires Windows SDK 10.0.20201.0 or later. Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later is recommended. You can download the latest SDK from the [Windows 10 SDK](https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk/) page. For more information, and instructions on how to install and use the SDK for C development, see [Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio](../overview/install-c17-support.md).
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Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later. See [Windows 10 SDK](https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk/) to download the latest SDK. For instructions to install and use the SDK for C11 and C17 development, see [Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio](../overview/install-c17-support.md).
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## See also
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‎docs/c-language/generic_selection.md‎

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title: "Generic selection (C11)"
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description: "Describes the C11 _Generic keyword used in the Microsoft Visual C compiler"
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ms.date: "12/9/2020"
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ms.date: "6/29/2021"
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helpviewer_keywords: ["_Generic keyword [C]"]
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---
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```
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## Requirements
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Compile with [`/std:c11`](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md).
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Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later. See [Windows 10 SDK](https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk/) to download the latest SDK. For instructions to install and use the SDK for C11 and C17 development, see [Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio](../overview/install-c17-support.md).
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## See also
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[`/std` (Specify Language Standard Version)](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md)\

‎docs/c-language/static-assert-c.md‎

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title: "_Static_assert keyword and static_assert macro (C11)"
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description: "Describes the C11 _Static_assert keyword and the C11 static_assert macro."
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ms.date: 06/22/2021
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ms.date: 06/29/2021
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f1_keywords: ["static_assert_c", "_Static_assert"]
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helpviewer_keywords: ["assertions [C], _Static_assert, static_assert"]
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---
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|-------------|---------------------|
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|**`static_assert`**|\<assert.h>|
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Compile with [`/std:c11`](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md).
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Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later. See [Windows 10 SDK](https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk/) to download the latest SDK. For instructions to install and use the SDK for C11 and C17 development, see [Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio](../overview/install-c17-support.md).
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## See also
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[`_STATIC_ASSERT` Macro](../c-runtime-library/reference/static-assert-macro.md)\

‎docs/c-runtime-library/tgmath.md‎

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title: "Type-generic math"
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description: "Describes macros in <tgmath.h> that make it easier to write C code that calls the right math function, based on argument type."
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description: "Describes macros in <tgmath.h> that make it easier to write C code that calls the correct math function, based on argument type."
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ms.topic: "conceptual"
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ms.date: "12/10/2020"
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ms.date: "6/28/2021"
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helpviewer_keywords: ["CRT tgmath.h"]
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## Requirements
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[std:c++11](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md) or later is required.
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Compile with [`/std:c11`](../build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version.md).
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Windows SDK version 10.0.20201.0 or later. This is currently an Insider build which you can download from [Windows Insider Preview Downloads](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewSDK). See [C11 and C17: Getting Started](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/c11-and-c17-standard-support-arriving-in-msvc/#c11-and-c17-getting-started) for instructions on installing and using this SDK.
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Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later. See [Windows 10 SDK](https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk/) to download the latest SDK. For instructions to install and use the SDK for C11 and C17 development, see [Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio](../overview/install-c17-support.md).
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‎docs/cpp/cpp-type-system-modern-cpp.md‎

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# C++ type system
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The concept of *type* is very important in C++. Every variable, function argument, and function return value must have a type in order to be compiled. Also, every expression (including literal values) is implicitly given a type by the compiler before it is evaluated. Some examples of types include **`int`** to store integral values, **`double`** to store floating-point values (also known as *scalar* data types), or the Standard Library class [std::basic_string](../standard-library/basic-string-class.md) to store text. You can create your own type by defining a **`class`** or **`struct`**. The type specifies the amount of memory that will be allocated for the variable (or expression result), the kinds of values that may be stored in that variable, how those values (as bit patterns) are interpreted, and the operations that can be performed on it. This article contains an informal overview of the major features of the C++ type system.
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The concept of *type* is very important in C++. Every variable, function argument, and function return value must have a type in order to be compiled. Also, every expression (including literal values) is implicitly given a type by the compiler before it is evaluated. Some examples of types include **`int`** to store integer values, **`double`** to store floating-point values (also known as *scalar* data types), or the Standard Library class [std::basic_string](../standard-library/basic-string-class.md) to store text. You can create your own type by defining a **`class`** or **`struct`**. The type specifies the amount of memory that will be allocated for the variable (or expression result), the kinds of values that may be stored in that variable, how those values (as bit patterns) are interpreted, and the operations that can be performed on it. This article contains an informal overview of the major features of the C++ type system.
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## Terminology
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‎docs/overview/install-c17-support.md‎

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title: Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio
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description: "Install Windows SDK and CRT support for C11 and C17 in Visual Studio"
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# Install C11 and C17 support in Visual Studio
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Support for C11 and C17 standards is available starting in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8. Support requires an updated Universal C Runtime (UCRT) and the latest Windows SDK updates, to work properly with the conforming preprocessor ([`/Zc:preprocessor`](../build/reference/zc-preprocessor.md)).
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Windows SDK releases correspond with Windows OS releases. C11 and C17 support requires Windows SDK 10.0.20201.0 or later. Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later is recommended. Normally, the Windows SDK is an installable option in the Individual Components tab in the Visual Studio Installer. That's the recommended way to update the SDK for use with Visual Studio. However, at the time of writing, the latest Windows SDK isn't available in the Visual Studio Installer. You can follow these steps to set up the latest SDK and build C11 or C17 code in Visual Studio or at the command line.
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Windows SDK releases correspond with Windows OS releases. C11 and C17 support requires Windows SDK 10.0.20348.0 (version 2104) or later. Normally, the Windows SDK is an installable option in the Individual Components tab in the Visual Studio Installer. That's the recommended way to update the SDK for use with Visual Studio. However, at the time of writing, the latest Windows SDK isn't available in the Visual Studio Installer. You can follow these steps to set up the latest SDK and build C11 or C17 code in Visual Studio or at the command line.
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## Prerequisites
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‎docs/parallel/amp/cpp-amp-overview.md‎

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# C++ AMP Overview
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> [!NOTE]
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> C++ AMP headers are deprecated, starting with Visual Studio 2022 version 17.0.
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> Including any AMP headers will generate build errors. Define `_SILENCE_AMP_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS` before including any AMP headers to silence the warnings.
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C++ Accelerated Massive Parallelism (C++ AMP) accelerates execution of C++ code by taking advantage of data-parallel hardware such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) on a discrete graphics card. By using C++ AMP, you can code multi-dimensional data algorithms so that execution can be accelerated by using parallelism on heterogeneous hardware. The C++ AMP programming model includes multidimensional arrays, indexing, memory transfer, tiling, and a mathematical function library. You can use C++ AMP language extensions to control how data is moved from the CPU to the GPU and back, so that you can improve performance.
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‎docs/standard-library/chrono-operators.md‎

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‎docs/standard-library/cstdalign.md‎

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description: "Learn more about: &lt;cstdalign&gt;"
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title: "&lt;cstdalign&gt;"
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description: "Learn more about: <cstdalign>"
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title: "<cstdalign>"
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ms.date: "6/28/2021"
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# `<cstdalign>`
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In some C++ standard library implementations, this header includes the C standard library header `<stdalign.h>`, and adds the associated names to the `std` namespace. Because that header isn't implemented in MSVC, the `<cstdalign>` header defines compatibility macros `__alignas_is_defined` and `__alignof_is_defined`.
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> Because the `<stdalign.h>` header defines macros that are keywords in C++, including it has no effect. The `<stdalign.h>` header is deprecated in C++. The `<cstdalign>` header is deprecated in C++17 and removed in the draft C++20 standard.
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‎docs/standard-library/ctgmath.md‎

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description: "Learn more about: &lt;ctgmath&gt;"
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description: "Learn more about: `<ctgmath>`"
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title: "`<ctgmath>`"
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> The C standard library `<tgmath.h>` header isn't included by `<ctgmath>` because it's effectively replaced by the C++ overloads in `<complex>` and `<cmath>`. That makes the `<ctgmath>` header redundant. The `<tgmath.h>` header is deprecated in C++. The `<ctgmath>` header is deprecated in C++17 and removed in the draft C++20 standard.
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**Header:** `<ctgmath>`
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**Namespace:** `std`
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The functionality of the C standard library header \<tgmath.h> is provided by the overloads in \<complex> and \<cmath>.
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The functionality of the C standard library header `<tgmath.h>` is provided by the overloads in `<complex>` and `<cmath>`.
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[\<complex>](complex.md)\
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[\<cmath>](cmath.md)\
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[`<complex>`](complex.md)\
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[`<cmath>`](cmath.md)\
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[Header files reference](cpp-standard-library-header-files.md)\
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[C++ standard library overview](cpp-standard-library-overview.md)\
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[Thread safety in the C++ standard library](thread-safety-in-the-cpp-standard-library.md)

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