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"""
`matplotlib.pyplot` is a state-based interface to matplotlib. It provides
an implicit, MATLAB-like, way of plotting. It also opens figures on your
screen, and acts as the figure GUI manager.
pyplot is mainly intended for interactive plots and simple cases of
programmatic plot generation::
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 5, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y)
The explicit object-oriented API is recommended for complex plots, though
pyplot is still usually used to create the figure and often the axes in the
figure. See `.pyplot.figure`, `.pyplot.subplots`, and
`.pyplot.subplot_mosaic` to create figures, and
:doc:`Axes API </api/axes_api>` for the plotting methods on an Axes::
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 5, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y)
See :ref:`api_interfaces` for an explanation of the tradeoffs between the
implicit and explicit interfaces.
"""
__all__ = [
'Annotation',
'Arrow',
'Artist',
'AutoLocator',
'Axes',
'Circle',
'Figure',
'FixedFormatter',
'FixedLocator',
'FormatStrFormatter',
'Formatter',
'FuncFormatter',
'GridSpec',
'IndexLocator',
'Line2D',
'LinearLocator',
'Locator',
'LogFormatter',
'LogFormatterExponent',
'LogFormatterMathtext',
'LogLocator',
'MaxNLocator',
'MultipleLocator',
'Normalize',
'NullFormatter',
'NullLocator',
'PolarAxes',
'Polygon',
'Rectangle',
'ScalarFormatter',
'Subplot',
'Text',
'axes',
'box',
'cla',
'clf',
'clim',
'close',
'colorbar',
'colormaps',
'connect',
'delaxes',
'disconnect',
'draw',
'draw_all',
'figlegend',
'fignum_exists',
'figure',
'findobj',
'gcf',
'get_cmap',
'get_figlabels',
'get_fignums',
'get_plot_commands',
'imread',
'imsave',
'ioff',
'ion',
'isinteractive',
'matshow',
'pause',
'polar',
'rc_context',
'rgrids',
'savefig',
'sca',
'set_cmap',
'setp',
'show',
'subplot',
'subplot2grid',
'subplot_mosaic',
'subplot_tool',
'subplots',
'switch_backend',
'thetagrids',
'twinx',
'twiny',
'xkcd',
'xlim',
'xticks',
'ylim',
'yticks',
] # further expanded below with autogenerated functions
from contextlib import ExitStack
from enum import Enum
import functools
import importlib
import inspect
import logging
import re
import sys
import threading
import time
from cycler import cycler
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.colorbar
import matplotlib.image
from matplotlib import _api
from matplotlib import rcsetup, style
from matplotlib import _pylab_helpers, interactive
from matplotlib import cbook
from matplotlib import _docstring
from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, MouseButton)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, FigureBase, figaspect
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec, SubplotSpec
from matplotlib import rcParams, rcParamsDefault, get_backend, rcParamsOrig
from matplotlib.rcsetup import interactive_bk as _interactive_bk
from matplotlib.artist import Artist
from matplotlib.axes import Axes, Subplot
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from matplotlib.scale import get_scale_names
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.cm import _colormaps as colormaps, register_cmap
from matplotlib.colors import _color_sequences as color_sequences
import numpy as np
# We may not need the following imports here:
from matplotlib.colors import Normalize
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
from matplotlib.text import Text, Annotation
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon, Rectangle, Circle, Arrow
from matplotlib.widgets import Button, Slider, Widget
from .ticker import (
TickHelper, Formatter, FixedFormatter, NullFormatter, FuncFormatter,
FormatStrFormatter, ScalarFormatter, LogFormatter, LogFormatterExponent,
LogFormatterMathtext, Locator, IndexLocator, FixedLocator, NullLocator,
LinearLocator, LogLocator, AutoLocator, MultipleLocator, MaxNLocator)
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _copy_docstring_and_deprecators(method, func=None):
if func is None:
return functools.partial(_copy_docstring_and_deprecators, method)
decorators = [_docstring.copy(method)]
# Check whether the definition of *method* includes @_api.rename_parameter
# or @_api.make_keyword_only decorators; if so, propagate them to the
# pyplot wrapper as well.
while getattr(method, "__wrapped__", None) is not None:
decorator = _api.deprecation.DECORATORS.get(method)
if decorator:
decorators.append(decorator)
method = method.__wrapped__
for decorator in decorators[::-1]:
func = decorator(func)
return func
## Global ##
# The state controlled by {,un}install_repl_displayhook().
_ReplDisplayHook = Enum("_ReplDisplayHook", ["NONE", "PLAIN", "IPYTHON"])
_REPL_DISPLAYHOOK = _ReplDisplayHook.NONE
def _draw_all_if_interactive():
if matplotlib.is_interactive():
draw_all()
def install_repl_displayhook():
"""
Connect to the display hook of the current shell.
The display hook gets called when the read-evaluate-print-loop (REPL) of
the shell has finished the execution of a command. We use this callback
to be able to automatically update a figure in interactive mode.
This works both with IPython and with vanilla python shells.
"""
global _REPL_DISPLAYHOOK
if _REPL_DISPLAYHOOK is _ReplDisplayHook.IPYTHON:
return
# See if we have IPython hooks around, if so use them.
# Use ``sys.modules.get(name)`` rather than ``name in sys.modules`` as
# entries can also have been explicitly set to None.
mod_ipython = sys.modules.get("IPython")
if not mod_ipython:
_REPL_DISPLAYHOOK = _ReplDisplayHook.PLAIN
return
ip = mod_ipython.get_ipython()
if not ip:
_REPL_DISPLAYHOOK = _ReplDisplayHook.PLAIN
return
ip.events.register("post_execute", _draw_all_if_interactive)
_REPL_DISPLAYHOOK = _ReplDisplayHook.IPYTHON
from IPython.core.pylabtools import backend2gui
# trigger IPython's eventloop integration, if available
ipython_gui_name = backend2gui.get(get_backend())
if ipython_gui_name:
ip.enable_gui(ipython_gui_name)
def uninstall_repl_displayhook():
"""Disconnect from the display hook of the current shell."""
global _REPL_DISPLAYHOOK
if _REPL_DISPLAYHOOK is _ReplDisplayHook.IPYTHON:
from IPython import get_ipython
ip = get_ipython()
ip.events.unregister("post_execute", _draw_all_if_interactive)
_REPL_DISPLAYHOOK = _ReplDisplayHook.NONE
draw_all = _pylab_helpers.Gcf.draw_all
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.set_loglevel)
def set_loglevel(*args, **kwargs): # Ensure this appears in the pyplot docs.
return matplotlib.set_loglevel(*args, **kwargs)
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(Artist.findobj)
def findobj(o=None, match=None, include_self=True):
if o is None:
o = gcf()
return o.findobj(match, include_self=include_self)
def _get_required_interactive_framework(backend_mod):
if not hasattr(getattr(backend_mod, "FigureCanvas", None),
"required_interactive_framework"):
_api.warn_deprecated(
"3.6", name="Support for FigureCanvases without a "
"required_interactive_framework attribute")
return None
# Inline this once the deprecation elapses.
return backend_mod.FigureCanvas.required_interactive_framework
_backend_mod = None
def _get_backend_mod():
"""
Ensure that a backend is selected and return it.
This is currently private, but may be made public in the future.
"""
if _backend_mod is None:
# Use rcParams._get("backend") to avoid going through the fallback
# logic (which will (re)import pyplot and then call switch_backend if
# we need to resolve the auto sentinel)
switch_backend(rcParams._get("backend"))
return _backend_mod
def switch_backend(newbackend):
"""
Set the pyplot backend.
Switching to an interactive backend is possible only if no event loop for
another interactive backend has started. Switching to and from
non-interactive backends is always possible.
If the new backend is different than the current backend then all open
Figures will be closed via ``plt.close('all')``.
Parameters
----------
newbackend : str
The case-insensitive name of the backend to use.
"""
global _backend_mod
# make sure the init is pulled up so we can assign to it later
import matplotlib.backends
if newbackend is rcsetup._auto_backend_sentinel:
current_framework = cbook._get_running_interactive_framework()
mapping = {'qt': 'qtagg',
'gtk3': 'gtk3agg',
'gtk4': 'gtk4agg',
'wx': 'wxagg',
'tk': 'tkagg',
'macosx': 'macosx',
'headless': 'agg'}
best_guess = mapping.get(current_framework, None)
if best_guess is not None:
candidates = [best_guess]
else:
candidates = []
candidates += [
"macosx", "qtagg", "gtk4agg", "gtk3agg", "tkagg", "wxagg"]
# Don't try to fallback on the cairo-based backends as they each have
# an additional dependency (pycairo) over the agg-based backend, and
# are of worse quality.
for candidate in candidates:
try:
switch_backend(candidate)
except ImportError:
continue
else:
rcParamsOrig['backend'] = candidate
return
else:
# Switching to Agg should always succeed; if it doesn't, let the
# exception propagate out.
switch_backend("agg")
rcParamsOrig["backend"] = "agg"
return
# have to escape the switch on access logic
old_backend = dict.__getitem__(rcParams, 'backend')
backend_mod = importlib.import_module(
cbook._backend_module_name(newbackend))
required_framework = _get_required_interactive_framework(backend_mod)
if required_framework is not None:
current_framework = cbook._get_running_interactive_framework()
if (current_framework and required_framework
and current_framework != required_framework):
raise ImportError(
"Cannot load backend {!r} which requires the {!r} interactive "
"framework, as {!r} is currently running".format(
newbackend, required_framework, current_framework))
# Load the new_figure_manager() and show() functions from the backend.
# Classically, backends can directly export these functions. This should
# keep working for backcompat.
new_figure_manager = getattr(backend_mod, "new_figure_manager", None)
show = getattr(backend_mod, "show", None)
# In that classical approach, backends are implemented as modules, but
# "inherit" default method implementations from backend_bases._Backend.
# This is achieved by creating a "class" that inherits from
# backend_bases._Backend and whose body is filled with the module globals.
class backend_mod(matplotlib.backend_bases._Backend):
locals().update(vars(backend_mod))
# However, the newer approach for defining new_figure_manager and
# show is to derive them from canvas methods. In that case, also
# update backend_mod accordingly; also, per-backend customization of
# draw_if_interactive is disabled.
if new_figure_manager is None:
# Only try to get the canvas class if have opted into the new scheme.
canvas_class = backend_mod.FigureCanvas
def new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure):
return canvas_class.new_manager(figure, num)
def new_figure_manager(num, *args, FigureClass=Figure, **kwargs):
fig = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, fig)
def draw_if_interactive():
if matplotlib.is_interactive():
manager = _pylab_helpers.Gcf.get_active()
if manager:
manager.canvas.draw_idle()
backend_mod.new_figure_manager_given_figure = \
new_figure_manager_given_figure
backend_mod.new_figure_manager = new_figure_manager
backend_mod.draw_if_interactive = draw_if_interactive
# If the manager explicitly overrides pyplot_show, use it even if a global
# show is already present, as the latter may be here for backcompat.
manager_class = getattr(getattr(backend_mod, "FigureCanvas", None),
"manager_class", None)
# We can't compare directly manager_class.pyplot_show and FMB.pyplot_show because
# pyplot_show is a classmethod so the above constructs are bound classmethods, and
# thus always different (being bound to different classes). We also have to use
# getattr_static instead of vars as manager_class could have no __dict__.
manager_pyplot_show = inspect.getattr_static(manager_class, "pyplot_show", None)
base_pyplot_show = inspect.getattr_static(FigureManagerBase, "pyplot_show", None)
if (show is None
or (manager_pyplot_show is not None
and manager_pyplot_show != base_pyplot_show)):
backend_mod.show = manager_class.pyplot_show
_log.debug("Loaded backend %s version %s.",
newbackend, backend_mod.backend_version)
rcParams['backend'] = rcParamsDefault['backend'] = newbackend
_backend_mod = backend_mod
for func_name in ["new_figure_manager", "draw_if_interactive", "show"]:
globals()[func_name].__signature__ = inspect.signature(
getattr(backend_mod, func_name))
# Need to keep a global reference to the backend for compatibility reasons.
# See https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/6092
matplotlib.backends.backend = newbackend
if not cbook._str_equal(old_backend, newbackend):
close("all")
# make sure the repl display hook is installed in case we become
# interactive
install_repl_displayhook()
def _warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread():
warn = False
if _get_required_interactive_framework(_get_backend_mod()):
if hasattr(threading, 'get_native_id'):
# This compares native thread ids because even if Python-level
# Thread objects match, the underlying OS thread (which is what
# really matters) may be different on Python implementations with
# green threads.
if threading.get_native_id() != threading.main_thread().native_id:
warn = True
else:
# Fall back to Python-level Thread if native IDs are unavailable,
# mainly for PyPy.
if threading.current_thread() is not threading.main_thread():
warn = True
if warn:
_api.warn_external(
"Starting a Matplotlib GUI outside of the main thread will likely "
"fail.")
# This function's signature is rewritten upon backend-load by switch_backend.
def new_figure_manager(*args, **kwargs):
"""Create a new figure manager instance."""
_warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread()
return _get_backend_mod().new_figure_manager(*args, **kwargs)
# This function's signature is rewritten upon backend-load by switch_backend.
def draw_if_interactive(*args, **kwargs):
"""
Redraw the current figure if in interactive mode.
.. warning::
End users will typically not have to call this function because the
the interactive mode takes care of this.
"""
return _get_backend_mod().draw_if_interactive(*args, **kwargs)
# This function's signature is rewritten upon backend-load by switch_backend.
def show(*args, **kwargs):
"""
Display all open figures.
Parameters
----------
block : bool, optional
Whether to wait for all figures to be closed before returning.
If `True` block and run the GUI main loop until all figure windows
are closed.
If `False` ensure that all figure windows are displayed and return
immediately. In this case, you are responsible for ensuring
that the event loop is running to have responsive figures.
Defaults to True in non-interactive mode and to False in interactive
mode (see `.pyplot.isinteractive`).
See Also
--------
ion : Enable interactive mode, which shows / updates the figure after
every plotting command, so that calling ``show()`` is not necessary.
ioff : Disable interactive mode.
savefig : Save the figure to an image file instead of showing it on screen.
Notes
-----
**Saving figures to file and showing a window at the same time**
If you want an image file as well as a user interface window, use
`.pyplot.savefig` before `.pyplot.show`. At the end of (a blocking)
``show()`` the figure is closed and thus unregistered from pyplot. Calling
`.pyplot.savefig` afterwards would save a new and thus empty figure. This
limitation of command order does not apply if the show is non-blocking or
if you keep a reference to the figure and use `.Figure.savefig`.
**Auto-show in jupyter notebooks**
The jupyter backends (activated via ``%matplotlib inline``,
``%matplotlib notebook``, or ``%matplotlib widget``), call ``show()`` at
the end of every cell by default. Thus, you usually don't have to call it
explicitly there.
"""
_warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread()
return _get_backend_mod().show(*args, **kwargs)
def isinteractive():
"""
Return whether plots are updated after every plotting command.
The interactive mode is mainly useful if you build plots from the command
line and want to see the effect of each command while you are building the
figure.
In interactive mode:
- newly created figures will be shown immediately;
- figures will automatically redraw on change;
- `.pyplot.show` will not block by default.
In non-interactive mode:
- newly created figures and changes to figures will not be reflected until
explicitly asked to be;
- `.pyplot.show` will block by default.
See Also
--------
ion : Enable interactive mode.
ioff : Disable interactive mode.
show : Show all figures (and maybe block).
pause : Show all figures, and block for a time.
"""
return matplotlib.is_interactive()
def ioff():
"""
Disable interactive mode.
See `.pyplot.isinteractive` for more details.
See Also
--------
ion : Enable interactive mode.
isinteractive : Whether interactive mode is enabled.
show : Show all figures (and maybe block).
pause : Show all figures, and block for a time.
Notes
-----
For a temporary change, this can be used as a context manager::
# if interactive mode is on
# then figures will be shown on creation
plt.ion()
# This figure will be shown immediately
fig = plt.figure()
with plt.ioff():
# interactive mode will be off
# figures will not automatically be shown
fig2 = plt.figure()
# ...
To enable optional usage as a context manager, this function returns a
`~contextlib.ExitStack` object, which is not intended to be stored or
accessed by the user.
"""
stack = ExitStack()
stack.callback(ion if isinteractive() else ioff)
matplotlib.interactive(False)
uninstall_repl_displayhook()
return stack
def ion():
"""
Enable interactive mode.
See `.pyplot.isinteractive` for more details.
See Also
--------
ioff : Disable interactive mode.
isinteractive : Whether interactive mode is enabled.
show : Show all figures (and maybe block).
pause : Show all figures, and block for a time.
Notes
-----
For a temporary change, this can be used as a context manager::
# if interactive mode is off
# then figures will not be shown on creation
plt.ioff()
# This figure will not be shown immediately
fig = plt.figure()
with plt.ion():
# interactive mode will be on
# figures will automatically be shown
fig2 = plt.figure()
# ...
To enable optional usage as a context manager, this function returns a
`~contextlib.ExitStack` object, which is not intended to be stored or
accessed by the user.
"""
stack = ExitStack()
stack.callback(ion if isinteractive() else ioff)
matplotlib.interactive(True)
install_repl_displayhook()
return stack
def pause(interval):
"""
Run the GUI event loop for *interval* seconds.
If there is an active figure, it will be updated and displayed before the
pause, and the GUI event loop (if any) will run during the pause.
This can be used for crude animation. For more complex animation use
:mod:`matplotlib.animation`.
If there is no active figure, sleep for *interval* seconds instead.
See Also
--------
matplotlib.animation : Proper animations
show : Show all figures and optional block until all figures are closed.
"""
manager = _pylab_helpers.Gcf.get_active()
if manager is not None:
canvas = manager.canvas
if canvas.figure.stale:
canvas.draw_idle()
show(block=False)
canvas.start_event_loop(interval)
else:
time.sleep(interval)
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.rc)
def rc(group, **kwargs):
matplotlib.rc(group, **kwargs)
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.rc_context)
def rc_context(rc=None, fname=None):
return matplotlib.rc_context(rc, fname)
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.rcdefaults)
def rcdefaults():
matplotlib.rcdefaults()
if matplotlib.is_interactive():
draw_all()
# getp/get/setp are explicitly reexported so that they show up in pyplot docs.
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.artist.getp)
def getp(obj, *args, **kwargs):
return matplotlib.artist.getp(obj, *args, **kwargs)
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.artist.get)
def get(obj, *args, **kwargs):
return matplotlib.artist.get(obj, *args, **kwargs)
@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(matplotlib.artist.setp)
def setp(obj, *args, **kwargs):
return matplotlib.artist.setp(obj, *args, **kwargs)
def xkcd(scale=1, length=100, randomness=2):
"""
Turn on `xkcd <https://xkcd.com/>`_ sketch-style drawing mode. This will
only have effect on things drawn after this function is called.
For best results, the "Humor Sans" font should be installed: it is
not included with Matplotlib.
Parameters
----------
scale : float, optional
The amplitude of the wiggle perpendicular to the source line.
length : float, optional
The length of the wiggle along the line.
randomness : float, optional
The scale factor by which the length is shrunken or expanded.
Notes
-----
This function works by a number of rcParams, so it will probably
override others you have set before.
If you want the effects of this function to be temporary, it can
be used as a context manager, for example::
with plt.xkcd():
# This figure will be in XKCD-style
fig1 = plt.figure()
# ...
# This figure will be in regular style
fig2 = plt.figure()
"""
# This cannot be implemented in terms of contextmanager() or rc_context()
# because this needs to work as a non-contextmanager too.
if rcParams['text.usetex']:
raise RuntimeError(
"xkcd mode is not compatible with text.usetex = True")
stack = ExitStack()
stack.callback(dict.update, rcParams, rcParams.copy())
from matplotlib import patheffects
rcParams.update({
'font.family': ['xkcd', 'xkcd Script', 'Humor Sans', 'Comic Neue',
'Comic Sans MS'],
'font.size': 14.0,
'path.sketch': (scale, length, randomness),
'path.effects': [
patheffects.withStroke(linewidth=4, foreground="w")],
'axes.linewidth': 1.5,
'lines.linewidth': 2.0,
'figure.facecolor': 'white',
'grid.linewidth': 0.0,
'axes.grid': False,
'axes.unicode_minus': False,
'axes.edgecolor': 'black',
'xtick.major.size': 8,
'xtick.major.width': 3,
'ytick.major.size': 8,
'ytick.major.width': 3,
})
return stack
## Figures ##
def figure(num=None, # autoincrement if None, else integer from 1-N
figsize=None, # defaults to rc figure.figsize
dpi=None, # defaults to rc figure.dpi
*,
facecolor=None, # defaults to rc figure.facecolor
edgecolor=None, # defaults to rc figure.edgecolor
frameon=True,
FigureClass=Figure,
clear=False,
**kwargs
):
"""
Create a new figure, or activate an existing figure.
Parameters
----------
num : int or str or `.Figure` or `.SubFigure`, optional
A unique identifier for the figure.
If a figure with that identifier already exists, this figure is made
active and returned. An integer refers to the ``Figure.number``
attribute, a string refers to the figure label.
If there is no figure with the identifier or *num* is not given, a new
figure is created, made active and returned. If *num* is an int, it
will be used for the ``Figure.number`` attribute, otherwise, an
auto-generated integer value is used (starting at 1 and incremented
for each new figure). If *num* is a string, the figure label and the
window title is set to this value. If num is a ``SubFigure``, its
parent ``Figure`` is activated.
figsize : (float, float), default: :rc:`figure.figsize`
Width, height in inches.
dpi : float, default: :rc:`figure.dpi`
The resolution of the figure in dots-per-inch.
facecolor : color, default: :rc:`figure.facecolor`
The background color.
edgecolor : color, default: :rc:`figure.edgecolor`
The border color.
frameon : bool, default: True
If False, suppress drawing the figure frame.
FigureClass : subclass of `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
If set, an instance of this subclass will be created, rather than a
plain `.Figure`.
clear : bool, default: False
If True and the figure already exists, then it is cleared.
layout : {'constrained', 'compressed', 'tight', 'none', `.LayoutEngine`, None}, \
default: None
The layout mechanism for positioning of plot elements to avoid
overlapping Axes decorations (labels, ticks, etc). Note that layout
managers can measurably slow down figure display.
- 'constrained': The constrained layout solver adjusts axes sizes
to avoid overlapping axes decorations. Can handle complex plot
layouts and colorbars, and is thus recommended.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`
for examples.
- 'compressed': uses the same algorithm as 'constrained', but
removes extra space between fixed-aspect-ratio Axes. Best for
simple grids of axes.
- 'tight': Use the tight layout mechanism. This is a relatively
simple algorithm that adjusts the subplot parameters so that
decorations do not overlap. See `.Figure.set_tight_layout` for
further details.
- 'none': Do not use a layout engine.
- A `.LayoutEngine` instance. Builtin layout classes are
`.ConstrainedLayoutEngine` and `.TightLayoutEngine`, more easily
accessible by 'constrained' and 'tight'. Passing an instance
allows third parties to provide their own layout engine.
If not given, fall back to using the parameters *tight_layout* and
*constrained_layout*, including their config defaults
:rc:`figure.autolayout` and :rc:`figure.constrained_layout.use`.
**kwargs
Additional keyword arguments are passed to the `.Figure` constructor.
Returns
-------
`~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
Notes
-----
A newly created figure is passed to the `~.FigureCanvasBase.new_manager`
method or the `new_figure_manager` function provided by the current
backend, which install a canvas and a manager on the figure.
Once this is done, :rc:`figure.hooks` are called, one at a time, on the
figure; these hooks allow arbitrary customization of the figure (e.g.,
attaching callbacks) or of associated elements (e.g., modifying the
toolbar). See :doc:`/gallery/user_interfaces/mplcvd` for an example of
toolbar customization.
If you are creating many figures, make sure you explicitly call
`.pyplot.close` on the figures you are not using, because this will
enable pyplot to properly clean up the memory.
`~matplotlib.rcParams` defines the default values, which can be modified
in the matplotlibrc file.
"""
if isinstance(num, FigureBase):
if num.canvas.manager is None:
raise ValueError("The passed figure is not managed by pyplot")
_pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(num.canvas.manager)
return num.figure
allnums = get_fignums()
next_num = max(allnums) + 1 if allnums else 1
fig_label = ''
if num is None:
num = next_num
elif isinstance(num, str):
fig_label = num
all_labels = get_figlabels()
if fig_label not in all_labels:
if fig_label == 'all':
_api.warn_external("close('all') closes all existing figures.")
num = next_num
else:
inum = all_labels.index(fig_label)
num = allnums[inum]
else:
num = int(num) # crude validation of num argument
manager = _pylab_helpers.Gcf.get_fig_manager(num)
if manager is None:
max_open_warning = rcParams['figure.max_open_warning']
if len(allnums) == max_open_warning >= 1:
_api.warn_external(
f"More than {max_open_warning} figures have been opened. "
f"Figures created through the pyplot interface "
f"(`matplotlib.pyplot.figure`) are retained until explicitly "
f"closed and may consume too much memory. (To control this "
f"warning, see the rcParam `figure.max_open_warning`). "
f"Consider using `matplotlib.pyplot.close()`.",
RuntimeWarning)
manager = new_figure_manager(
num, figsize=figsize, dpi=dpi,
facecolor=facecolor, edgecolor=edgecolor, frameon=frameon,
FigureClass=FigureClass, **kwargs)
fig = manager.canvas.figure
if fig_label:
fig.set_label(fig_label)
for hookspecs in rcParams["figure.hooks"]:
module_name, dotted_name = hookspecs.split(":")
obj = importlib.import_module(module_name)
for part in dotted_name.split("."):
obj = getattr(obj, part)
obj(fig)
_pylab_helpers.Gcf._set_new_active_manager(manager)
# make sure backends (inline) that we don't ship that expect this
# to be called in plotting commands to make the figure call show
# still work. There is probably a better way to do this in the
# FigureManager base class.
draw_if_interactive()
if _REPL_DISPLAYHOOK is _ReplDisplayHook.PLAIN:
fig.stale_callback = _auto_draw_if_interactive
if clear:
manager.canvas.figure.clear()
return manager.canvas.figure
def _auto_draw_if_interactive(fig, val):
"""
An internal helper function for making sure that auto-redrawing
works as intended in the plain python repl.
Parameters
----------
fig : Figure
A figure object which is assumed to be associated with a canvas
"""
if (val and matplotlib.is_interactive()
and not fig.canvas.is_saving()
and not fig.canvas._is_idle_drawing):
# Some artists can mark themselves as stale in the middle of drawing
# (e.g. axes position & tick labels being computed at draw time), but
# this shouldn't trigger a redraw because the current redraw will
# already take them into account.
with fig.canvas._idle_draw_cntx():
fig.canvas.draw_idle()
def gcf():
"""
Get the current figure.
If there is currently no figure on the pyplot figure stack, a new one is
created using `~.pyplot.figure()`. (To test whether there is currently a
figure on the pyplot figure stack, check whether `~.pyplot.get_fignums()`
is empty.)
"""
manager = _pylab_helpers.Gcf.get_active()
if manager is not None:
return manager.canvas.figure
else:
return figure()
def fignum_exists(num):
"""Return whether the figure with the given id exists."""
return _pylab_helpers.Gcf.has_fignum(num) or num in get_figlabels()
def get_fignums():
"""Return a list of existing figure numbers."""
return sorted(_pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs)