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@markekraus markekraus commented Nov 3, 2017

closes #2662

This feature adds the ability to restrict the SSL/TLS protocol used when making the web request. In 5.1 the user could make use of .NET API's to enforce this on the Web Cmdlets. With the move to HttpClient in PowerShell Core, those APIs have no impact. The user still has requirements to ensure specific protocols are used.

The public enum WebSslProtocol is added as a wrapper to the underlying SslProtocols enum. Neither it nor SecurityProtocolType can be used because Ssl3 and Ssl2 are not supported by HttpClientHandler.SslProtocols. While it may not be intuitive to a PowerShell user to use -bor or "Tls, Tls11" to set multiple options, the general use case for this will be a single protocol.

  • Adds -SslProtocol parameter to Web Cmdlets
  • Adds WebSslProtocol Enum to support limited subset of SslProtocol enum supported by HttpClientHandler
  • Adds TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.0 listening ports to WebListener
  • Adds 100% test coverage for new feature

I spoke with @SteveL-MSFT about getting this approved before RC release.

* Adds `-SslProtocol` parameter to Web Cmdlets
* Adds WebSslProtocol Enum to support limited subset of SslProtocol enum supported by HttpClientHandler
* Adds TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.0 listening ports to WebListener
* Adds 100% test coverage for new feature
@markekraus markekraus added the Documentation Needed in this repo Documentation is needed in this repo label Nov 3, 2017
/// <summary>
/// The valid values for the -SslProtocol parameter for Invoke-RestMethod and Invoke-WebRequest
/// </summary>
[Flags]
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Is it possible to use this in other places? Then the name must be more generic.

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@markekraus markekraus Nov 8, 2017

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It's "public" in the way that other parameter enums are "public" but it shouldn't used in other places. users should use SecurityProtocolType or SslProtocol enums. This one is specific to the web cmdlets as HttpClientHandler doesn't support some of the protocols in those Enums and thus the web cmdlets cannot consume them. I did this Enum to avoid having write yet another paramter logic set inside the cmdlet body.

[Flags]
public enum WebSslProtocol
{
/// <summary>
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What is "system default"? In .Net? Os?

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It is environment specific and subject to implementation changes by CoreFX, thus the comment is not specific on purpose. It is SslProtocol.None... which is terribly named for PowerShell users as it implies no SSL/TLS would be used (that's a C# specific terminology for the 0 field on flag enums).

}

// Set The SslProtocol. WebSslProtocol is used because not all SslProtocols are supported by HttpClientHandler.
// Also SslProtocols.Default is not the "default" for HttpClientHandler as SslProtocols.Ssl3 is not supported.
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I believe it is better to move the comment in WebSslProtocol definition and make it more accurate.

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will fix

{
/// <summary>
/// No SSL protocol will be set and the system defaults will be used.
/// </summary>
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I think we should be exactly Default = SslProtocols.None.

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I'm not sure how well that works with Flags. We have to define 0 for the default here and if CoreFX decides none is no longer 0 we lose our Default option.

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@iSazonov iSazonov Nov 8, 2017

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I see handler.SslProtocols = (SslProtocols)SslProtocol; so I believe Default = SslProtocols.None is more accurate.

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SslProtocols will always have a 0 too since it is a Flag as well. I'm weary of changing this one. Wehn I was researching I saw multiple asks for the SslProtocols to be cleaned up an None removed. it seems to be universally detested as a field name that is better defined as SystemDefault. Looking at the implementation of SecurityProtocolType they, too, erred on the side of using 0.

https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/blob/ba0e14d957cd2fed3e1dec54d2c5f2a92a746c74/src/System.Net.ServicePoint/src/System/Net/SecurityProtocolType.cs#L12

{
'Tls11' { $Uri.Port = $runningListener.Tls11Port }
'Tls' { $Uri.Port = $runningListener.TlsPort }
default { $Uri.Port = $runningListener.HttpsPort }
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Kestrel default protocol is really Tls12? If so we need comments here and in docs.

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Not Kesterl, but WebListener has Tls2 as the only protocol for HTTPS port. this is "default" in the sense that it is the original HTTPS port added when we launched WebListener.

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I see. Please add comments here and in README.md

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ah.. I did have it in the readme.. it missed the commit. I'll add it

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fixed.


// Set The SslProtocol. WebSslProtocol is used because not all SslProtocols are supported by HttpClientHandler.
// Also SslProtocols.Default is not the "default" for HttpClientHandler as SslProtocols.Ssl3 is not supported.
// Set The SslProtocol.
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Please remove obvious comment.

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fixed

* The Server Certificate Password
* The TCP Port to bind on for HTTP
* The TCP Port to bind on for HTTPS
* The TCP Port to bind on for HTTPS using TLS 2.0
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What is real protocol we use? Tls12?

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oh whoops.. yes 1.2. fixed in all instances.

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@iSazonov iSazonov Nov 9, 2017

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Please clarify for me : is Tls 1.3 == Tls 2.0 today?

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Kind of... as I understand it a minor version iteration of 1.3 is 2.0. They should have versioned 1.3 as 2.0 as it was a significant change from 1.2, 1.1, and 1.0. In any case, neither 1.3 or 2.0 is supported by HttpClientHandler at this time. My hope is that when they decide on a new Enum for all of this, they at least pick field names that make sense instead of None being "whatever default the system uses" and Default being "one version that is not widely supported by APIs and another that is out of date".

* TLSO 2.0 -> TLS 1.2
* remove onbvious comment
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the TLS/SSL protocol used by the Web Cmdlet
/// </summary>
[Parameter]
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I should ask: maybe use WebSslProtocol for parameter name?

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I think the Web is kind of redundant in the parameter name. I was just continuing with the convention of prefixing Web in front of Enums used for web cmdlet parameter options. Technically, it is setting the SslProtocol, we are just limiting the options that the user can use to those it actually supports.

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LGTM with one concern about Default = 0 vs Default = SslProtocols.None.

$result.headers.Host | Should Be $params.Uri.Authority
}

It "Verifies Invoke-WebRequest -SslProtocol -SslProtocol <IntendedProtocol> fails on a <ActualProtocol> only connection" -TestCases @(
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We should have some tests were intended is multiple protocols. that should be allowed since you used a flags enum.

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Added.

TravisEz13
TravisEz13 previously approved these changes Nov 10, 2017
@markekraus
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@TravisEz13 It looks like macOS does not support multiple protocols being set at once. This is not surprising as the entire SSL/TLS/Certificate implementation in CoreFX is flakey on macOS where some things work sometimes, not at all, or only partially.

I'm going to logic gate the multi-protocol test cases so they don't run on macOS.

$handler = [System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler]::new() 
$handler.SslProtocols = [System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols]::Tls -bor [System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols]::Tls11
$HttpClient = [System.Net.Http.HttpClient]::New($handler) 
$Response = $HttpClient.GetAsync("https://httpbin.org/user-agent").GetAwaiter().GetResult()

result

Exception calling "GetResult" with "0" argument(s): "The requested security protocol is not supported."
At line:1 char:1
+ $Response = $HttpClient.GetAsync("https://httpbin.org/user-agent").Ge ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : NotSupportedException

ErrorRecord                 : Exception calling "GetResult" with "0" argument(s): "The requested security protocol is not supported."
WasThrownFromThrowStatement : False
Message                     : Exception calling "GetResult" with "0" argument(s): "The requested security protocol is not supported."
Data                        : {System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.InterpretedFrameInfo}
InnerException              : System.NotSupportedException: The requested security protocol is not supported.
                                 at System.Net.Http.CurlHandler.SslProvider.SetSslVersion(EasyRequest easy)
                                 at System.Net.Http.CurlHandler.SslProvider.SetSslOptions(EasyRequest easy, ClientCertificateOption clientCertOption)
                                 at System.Net.Http.CurlHandler.EasyRequest.InitializeCurl()
                                 at System.Net.Http.CurlHandler.MultiAgent.ActivateNewRequest(EasyRequest easy)
                              --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
                                 at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
                                 at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
                                 at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ConfiguredTaskAwaitable`1.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter.GetResult()
                                 at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.<FinishSendAsyncBuffered>d__58.MoveNext()
                              --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
                                 at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
                                 at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
                                 at CallSite.Target(Closure , CallSite , Object )
TargetSite                  : Void ConvertToMethodInvocationException(System.Exception, System.Type, System.String, Int32, System.Reflection.MemberInfo)
StackTrace                  :    at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.ConvertToMethodInvocationException(Exception exception, Type typeToThrow, String meth
                              odName, Int32 numArgs, MemberInfo memberInfo)
                                 at CallSite.Target(Closure , CallSite , Object )
                                 at System.Dynamic.UpdateDelegates.UpdateAndExecute1[T0,TRet](CallSite site, T0 arg0)
                                 at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.DynamicInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
                                 at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
HelpLink                    :
Source                      : System.Management.Automation
HResult                     : -2146233087

@TravisEz13 TravisEz13 dismissed their stale review November 10, 2017 21:07

Waiting on updates from author

@markekraus
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Hmm. It looks like the 'Tls, Tls12' failure on Linux is a possible CoreFX bug. It appears it doesn't honor the Tls12 property when it is supplied with Tls and instead tries to use Tls only. All the other combinations work, including 'Tls, Tls11, Tls12', 'Tls11, Tls12', and 'Tls12'.

$url = Get-WebListenerUrl -Test Get -Https -SslProtocol Tls12
$handler = [System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler]::new() 
$handler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = [System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler]::DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator
$handler.SslProtocols = [System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols]::Tls -bor [System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols]::Tls12
$HttpClient = [System.Net.Http.HttpClient]::New($handler) 
$Response = $HttpClient.GetAsync("$url").GetAwaiter().GetResult()
Message        : An error occurred while sending the request.
Data           : {}
InnerException : System.Net.Http.CurlException: SSL connect error
                    at System.Net.Http.CurlHandler.ThrowIfCURLEError(CURLcode error)
                    at System.Net.Http.CurlHandler.MultiAgent.FinishRequest(StrongToWeakReference`1 easyWrapper, CURLcode messageResult)
TargetSite     : Void Throw()
StackTrace     :    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
                    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
                    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ConfiguredTaskAwaitable`1.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter.GetResult()
                    at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.<FinishSendAsyncBuffered>d__58.MoveNext()
                 --- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
                    at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
                    at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
                    at CallSite.Target(Closure , CallSite , Object )
HelpLink       :
Source         : System.Private.CoreLib
HResult        : 35

I'll logic this one out of being run on both linux and macOS. When I get some time I will open an issue with CoreFX.

Possible CoreFX bug where `Tls, Tls12` does not honor the Tls12 on a Tls12 endpoint.
@SteveL-MSFT SteveL-MSFT added this to the 6.0.0-RC milestone Nov 11, 2017
@iSazonov
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In previous years, we had a simple logic when we started with a highest protocol and fallback at a lower.
After it has been recognized as a security hole, I guess the setting of several protocols is irrelevant and we should block it.

@markekraus
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@iSazonov Your recommendation is to switch it to a Non-Flags Enum?

My plan was to not document the possibility of multiple protocols and leave as an exercise for advanced users. They don't show up in intellisense and unless someone advanced enough in the l;language took a good look at the Enum, they wouldn't really know.

Multiple protocols work 100% on windows , 99% on linux and 0% on macOS. The linux one is a bug and macOS curl is a known trouble spot in CoreFX that they have been steadily improving.

I'd rather leave it in and let advanced users give it a try than take the option away.

If there is a concern, it could be documented that "setting multiple protocols is possible, though not supported on all platforms".

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Thinking about security I believe we lost nothing if remove Flags. @PaulHigin Could you please comment?

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@iSazonov you are right in that there is no security loss. But, lets say a user has a contractual agreement to use TLS 1.1 at minimum, they could supply 'Tls11, Tls12' and ensure the endpoint isn't using TLS 1.0. That works perfect on Windows and Linux. Now we take the Flags away the user must now call first with TLS 1.1 and then try again with TLS 1.2.

So no, security loss, but, we do make it harder for the user.

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Since POODLE attacks TLS fallbacks was disabled. Currently only client moderated fallbacks is allowed by means of TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV fake cipher suite.
I'm sure this is a lower level API than PowerShell. I don't know if CoreFX support this. If no so there's no point in specifying multiple protocols.
If CoreFX could support this, we could indicate Tls12,Tls11, which would mean: try to connect with Tls12, if server reply with TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV then use Tls11.

@markekraus
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@iSazonov I'm not exactly sure what is being done, but I know for a fact from the tests in This PR, that if you supply Tls12, Tls11 to a Tls12 endpoint it works, to a Tls11 endpoints it works, to a Tls endpoint it fails. So at the very least it is allow for only Tls12 and Tls11 endpoints.

@TravisEz13
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TravisEz13 commented Nov 11, 2017

This design is similar to most browsers. I don't think we need to remove fallback. The user can of course specify just one protocol. We are giving the user the control.

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The design - yes, most of browsers has check boxes to select some protocols. But its behavior is secure - all of browsers disable fallback since POODLE discovered. Currently client and server must support TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV to do moderated fallback. If PowerShell and .Net Core allow to select some protocols and don't support TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV - it is security hole, an user using PowerShell can be redirected to a fake (Azure) server.

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markekraus commented Nov 12, 2017

@iSazonov I do not follow your logic.

User has a requirement to NOT use TLS 1.0. The user supplies -SslProtocol 'Tls11, Tls12'. Here are the conditions of the endpoint:

End Point Protocol Result
TLS 1.0 FAILED
TLS 1.1 Success
TLS 1.2 Success

I'm not sure how POODLE is even a problem since SSL 3.0 is not even supported in CoreFX by the HttpClient.

When HttpClientHandler.SslProtocols is not set, supplied None, or supplied Tls, Tls11, Tls12 they act exactly the same except for the logic to determine which Flags were supplied. So if this is insecure, for some reason, it is already insecure and supplying multiple Flags doesn't change that. At the very least, it offers enhanced security because at least the user can disallow a specific protocol.

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@markekraus Currently not only TLS->SSL fallback is security hole, TLS high level -> TLS low level also is security hole and is under the prohibition. If PowerShell is trying to connect with TLS 1.2 and server reject the connection, PowerShell shouldn't fallback to TLS 1.1 in classic way (only by supporting TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV).
So main question is - do underline system (CoreFX) implement the fallback on TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV? If yes I am fine with setting many protocols, if no I believe we shouldn't violate security and the modern standard for the TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV fallback.

Also if today CoreFX don't implement the same behavior for all platforms it is better for script portability to be limited to one protocol.

@markekraus
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@iSazonov I doesn't matter. if the user doesn't want TLS 1.0, or TLS 1,1, they specify -SslProtocol 'Tls12' The connection will not work on anything other than TLS 1.2. The test in this PR prove that.

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Also if today CoreFX don't implement the same behavior for all platforms it is better for script portability to be limited to one protocol.

Then we should rip out all of our security features for macOS since they are all partially or not supported or only work under the right circumstances. or, we should completely rip out these cmdlets from macOS because the entire CoreFX HttpClient implementation on macOS is riddled with issues. When we go RTM I am expecting macOS users to flood with web cmdlets issue. CoreFX is just weak there.

This kind of thing just needs to be documented and to a degree it will be expected by users. Python, PHP, and other cross-platform languages have plenty of their own cross-platform implementation quirks. Something being either not supported on one platform or partially supported on another never stops other languages from implementing enhancements for a majority of platforms.

Again, multiple protocols works 100% on Windows, 99% on Linux (the one instance that doesn't work appears to be a bug in CoreFX) and not at all on macOS. I don't think throwing the feature out just because macOS and CoreFX have issues with libcurl is worth it, when all windows platforms, and almost all Linux platforms will support it. If we start down that path we will never get to implement anything that is an improvement for most platforms just because one platform happens to be fragile. If this only worked on Windows, then maybe I would agree it's not worth implementing.

CoreFX will have better support for these things in macOS in the future. Their issues are littered with HttpClient implementation issues on macOS. They know it's a weak point and we should acknowledge it as one for ourselves as well.

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we should completely rip out these cmdlets from macOS because the entire CoreFX HttpClient implementation on macOS is riddled with issues.

If I were a user of PowerShell on MacOs, I'd feel cheated if I had cmdlets that didn't work.

@markekraus
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If I were a user of PowerShell on MacOs, I'd feel cheated if I had cmdlets that didn't work.

I'd rather have a web cmdlets that at least works for the most part with basic web calls than none at all. Even if certain features aren't all supported on my platform, I'd still want it. The point is that partial support is better than none at all.

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If we need to remove a disable the cmdlets for macOS file another issue. For the fallback issue, I think fallback is a required feature based on past experience. If we need a more restricted fallback, I think we would need support for .NET to support that.

@TravisEz13 TravisEz13 merged commit ecf0f8c into PowerShell:master Nov 13, 2017
@markekraus
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I'm leaving a note here for those who view this discussion in the future and for clarity to avoid panic:

The issues I have seen with HttpClient on macOS are not reliably reproducible. I am uncertain how much of it relates to an instability of CoreFX on macOS or just consistent bad luck and phantom external issues.

For the most part, simple HTTP calls work to a high rate of success. However, they will randomly fail even in our tests in this project for macOS where they are not failing for the same tests in Windows and Linux. Some of that maybe Travis CI related. However, since I acquired a macOS machine to test with I have seen similar stability issues on my own machine. Again, I don't know how much of that is just bad luck, my lack of experience with macOS in general, or possible stability issues in CoreFX. I cannot reliably reproduce the issues I find, so it is impossible at my skill level to track down a specific root cause.

As such, I can only say, without solid evidence, that I have general distrust for the stability of HttpClient on CoreFX and thus a similar feeling about the Web Cmdlets which use HttpClient. Without being able to quantify my experience, I cannot recommend the Cmdlets be removed from macOS.

It is clear, however, that many of the features relating to security and encryption are not fully implemented CoreFX on macOS. They work at the basic level depending on how the environment is configured. Sometimes they do not work at all, again, depending on how the environment is configured. However, I do not feel it is prudent to cripple these features for all platforms simply because a single platform cannot full implement them.

@iSazonov
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@markekraus Clould you please open tracking Issue? It wouldd be usefull for documentating the limitations and tracking CoreFX.

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@iSazonov #4650 is related I could just update that. The underlying cause is the same.

I'm not sure if we should open a master issue to track all macOS limitations, or just Web Cmdlets. As I recall, there are several other cmdlets that have issues on macOS but I can't recall which ones immediately.

@iSazonov
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That would be very good if users were given this description (broken cmdlets) in the documentation (release notes). If you open the issue anyone can complete it at any time.

@markekraus markekraus mentioned this pull request Nov 14, 2017
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markekraus commented Nov 14, 2017

@iSazonov #5443

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Add cryptographic protocol parameter to web cmdlets.

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