This only happens when using the newer catalog file signing APIs, which is normally not reproducible with SxS GitHub PowerShell which code path uses the older APIs. Fix is to refactor the older code path that does obtain the time stamp cert so that the newer catalog signing APIs can also use it.
Repro
Get-AuthenticodeSignature C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe | select TimeStamperCertificate
Result
Time stamp certificate property is empty
Expected
Time stamp certificate property correctly filled