## Format-HexString.ps1
## Format a byte array as a hexadecimal string
##
## Example usage:
## get-content 'c:\windows\Coffee Bean.bmp' -encoding byte | Format-HexString | more

## Convert the input to an array of bytes.  This is a strongly-typed variable,
## so that we're not trying to iterate over strings, directory entries, etc.
## [byte[]] $bytes = $(foreach($byte in $input) { $byte })

begin
{
    ## Store our header, and formatting information
    $counter = 0
    $header = "            0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F"
    $nextLine = "{0}   " -f  [Convert]::ToString($counter, 16).ToUpper().PadLeft(8, '0')
    $asciiEnd = ""

    ## Output the header
    "`r`n$header`r`n"
}

process
{
    ## Display each byte, in 2-digit hexidecimal, and add that to the left-hand
    ## side.
    $nextLine += "{0:X2} " -f $_

    ## If the character is printable, add its ascii representation to
    ## the right-hand side.  Otherwise, add a dot to the right hand side.
    if(($_ -ge 0x20) -and ($_ -le 0xFE))
    {
       $asciiEnd += [char] $_
    }
    else
    {
       $asciiEnd += "."
    }

    $counter++;

    ## If we've hit the end of a line, combine the right half with the left half,
    ## and start a new line.
    if(($counter % 16) -eq 0)
    {
       "$nextLine $asciiEnd"
       $nextLine = "{0}   " -f [Convert]::ToString($counter, 16).ToUpper().PadLeft(8, '0')
       $asciiEnd = "";
    }
}

end
{
    ## At the end of the file, we might not have had the chance to output the end
    ## of the line yet.  Only do this if we didn't exit on the 16-byte boundary,
    ## though.
    if(($counter % 16) -ne 0)
    {
       while(($counter % 16) -ne 0)
       {
          $nextLine += "   "
          $asciiEnd += " "
          $counter++;
       }
       "$nextLine $asciiEnd"
    }

    ""
}