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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>NewtonScript</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/basic.css" />
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0;" />
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<body>
<h1>NewtonScript</h1>
<p><em>NewtonScript</em> is an object-oriented programming language developed by <a href="http://waltersmith.us/">Walter Smith</a> for <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple</a> for the Newton OS running on their MessagePad & eMate hardware. It borrows concepts from the Smalltalk, LISP, and Self programming languages with special consideration for a low memory footprint (esp. differential inheritance). In 2003 a NewtonScript interpreter, <a href="#newt0">NEWT/0</a> was developed by Makoto Nukui allowing for its use on other platforms.</p>
<p>Here you’ll find information about the language, available <a href="#tools">development tools</a> for various platforms, <a href="#libs">libraries</a> with NewtonScript interfaces, and <a href="#docs">programming reference materials</a>.</p>
<!-- BEGIN DEVELOPMENT TOOLS -->
<h2 id="tools">Development Tools</h2>
<dl>
<dt id="dashboard"><a href="http://www.fivespeedsoftware.com/dashboard/">Dashboard</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>An alternate button bar, hierarchical menu, and scripting system (using NewtonScript) for Newton OS. Source available on <a href="http://github.com/masonmark/Dash-Board-for-Newton-OS">GitHub</a>.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.fivespeedsoftware.com/">Five Speed Software</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS 2.1</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="dynetk"><a href="http://code.google.com/p/dynee5/">DyneTK</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A cross-platform IDE for Newton OS software development. Built on <a href="#newt0">NEWT/0</a>.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.matthiasm.com/">Matthias Melcher</a></li>
<li>Platform: Linux, Mac OS X, Windows</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="einstein"><a href="http://code.google.com/p/einstein/">Einstein</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A Newton OS 2.1 emulator. It includes a “Relativity” feature that allows NewtonScript to call native methods from the parent OS from within the Newton OS.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.kallisys.com/">Paul Guyot</a></li>
<li>Platform: Mac OS X, Linux, Windows, iOS, Android, ARM-Linux</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="minspector"><a href="http://www.fivespeedsoftware.com/minspector/">Minspector</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A Newton OS Newton debugging tool modeled after the <a href="#ntk">Newton Toolkit Inspector</a>.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.fivespeedsoftware.com/">Five Speed Software</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS 2.1</li>
<li>License: Freeware</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="newt0"><a href="http://gnue.github.com/NEWT0">NEWT/0</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A NewtonScript interpreter.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://so-kukan.com/gnue/">Makoto Nukui</a></li>
<li>Platform: Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, BeOS</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="newtvim"><a href="http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=4589">newt.vim</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A cross-platform <a href="http://www.vim.org/">Vim</a> syntax highlighter for the NewtonScript language.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Layána Ǩaynolj Konóvo</li>
<li>Platform: Vim</li>
<li>License: Unknown</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="newtdevenv"><a href="http://communicrossings.com/html/newton/newtdev.htm">NewtDevEnv</a> (a.k.a. Newt)</dt>
<dd>
<p>An environment for developing applications using NewtonScript and creating packages natively on a Newton OS device.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://communicrossings.com/">Steve Weyer</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS</li>
<li>License: Shareware</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="newtonscriptmode"><a href="https://github.com/morgant/NewtonScriptMode">NewtonScript Mode</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A <a href="http://codingmonkeys.de/subethaedit/">SubEthaEdit</a> and <a href="http://panic.com/coda/">Coda</a> Mode (syntax highlighter) for the NewtonScript language.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.makkintosshu.com/">Morgan Aldridge</a></li>
<li>Platform: Mac OS X</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="newtonscriptclm"><a href="https://github.com/newtonresearch/newtonscript-clm">NewtonScript Codeless Language Module</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A <a href="http://http//www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/">BBEdit</a> and <a href="http://http//www.barebones.com/products/textwrangler/">TextWrangler</a> Codeless Language Module (syntax highlighter) for the NewtonScript language.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.newtonresearch.org/">Simon Bell</a></li>
<li>Platform: Mac OS X</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="ntk"><a href="http://www.unna.org/view.php?/apple/development/NTK">Newton Toolkit</a> (a.k.a. NTK)</dt>
<dd>
<p>Apple’s original IDE for Newton OS software development.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple</a></li>
<li>Platform: Mac OS, Windows</li>
<li>License: Freeware</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="nsm"><a href="http://matejhorvat.si/en/software/nsm/index.htm">NSM</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A portable NewtonScript bytecode virtual machine.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://matejhorvat.si/">Matej Horvat</a></li>
<li>Platform: DOS, Haiku, Mac OS X, OS/2, Windows</li>
<li>License: Freeware</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="tntk"><a href="http://github.com/ekoeppen/tntk">tntk</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A command line NewtonScript compiler and packager. Built on <a href="#newt0">NEWT/0</a>.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://40hz.org/Pages/40Hz">Eckhart Köppen</a></li>
<li>Platform: Linux, Mac OS X</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="viewframe"><a href="http://nixietube.info/">ViewFrame</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A live NewtonScript object browser, editor, and debugging tool.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://nixietube.info/">Jason Harper</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS, Windows</li>
<li>License: Freeware</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<!-- END DEVELOPMENT TOOLS -->
<!-- BEGIN LIBRARIES -->
<h2 id="libs">Libraries</h2>
<dl>
<dt id="macintalk">MacInTalk</dt>
<dd>
<p>Apple's official MacInTalk Text-to-Speech extension for Newton OS.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS</li>
<li>License: Freeware</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.unna.org/view.php?/apple/software/TextToSpeech">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="nhttplib"><a href="http://40hz.org/Pages/NHttpLib">NHttpLib</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>An HTTP library for Newton OS. Source available on <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/n40hz/files/NHttpLib/">SourceForge</a>.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://40hz.org/Pages/40Hz">Eckhart Köppen</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS 2.x</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="nsunit"><a href="https://github.com/morgant/NSUnit">NSUnit</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A simple xUnit unit testing framework for the NewtonScript language (currently supporting <a href="#newt0">NEWT/0</a>) by Morgan Aldridge.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.makkintosshu.com/">Morgan Aldridge</a></li>
<li>Platform: <a href="#newt0">NEWT/0</a></li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="ntox"><a href="http://40hz.org/Pages/ntox">ntox</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A port of the <a href="http://40hz.org/tox/">tox</a> XML/HTML tokenizer.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://40hz.org/Pages/40Hz">Eckhart Köppen</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt id="zlib"><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/">ZLib</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A partial port of the <a href="http://www.zlib.net/">zlib</a> compression library, based on the version 1.1.4 release.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.kallisys.com/">Paul Guyot</a></li>
<li>Platform: Newton OS</li>
<li>License: Open Source</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<!-- END LIBRARIES -->
<!-- BEGIN DOCUMENTATION -->
<h2 id="docs">Documentation</h2>
<dl>
<dt><a href="http://waltersmith.us/newton/Class-based%20NewtonScript%20Programming.pdf">Class-based NewtonScript Programming</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A paper explaining conventions for simulating class-based programming in NewtonScript, which is a prototype-based language, from the designer of the language.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://waltersmith.us/">Walter Smith</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>develop</dt>
<dd>
<p>Apple’s quarterly technical journal published from 1990-1997, before being pulled into <a href="http://www.mactech.com/">MacTech magazine</a> as a regular column. The following issues contain Newton/NewtonScript-specific articles:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_17/index.html">Issue 17</a> (HTML; March 1994)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_18/index.html">Issue 18</a> (HTML; June 1994)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_19/index.html">Issue 19</a> (HTML; September 1994)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_20/index.html">Issue 20</a> (HTML; December 1994)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_21/index.html">Issue 21</a> (HTML; March 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_22/index.html">Issue 22</a> (HTML; June 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_23/index.html">Issue 23</a> (HTML; September 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_24/index.html">Issue 24</a> (HTML; December 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_25/index.html">Issue 25</a> (HTML; March 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_26/index.html">Issue 26</a> (HTML; June 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_27/index.html">Issue 27</a> (HTML; September 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_28/index.html">Issue 28</a> (HTML; December 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/issue_29/index.html">Issue 29</a> (HTML; March 1997)</li>
</ul>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Various</li>
<li>Format: Magazine, HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/develop/">MacTech</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>How to Work with the Text-to-Speech Extension</dt>
<dd>
<p>An example of developing with the <a href="http://www.unna.org/view.php?/apple/software/TextToSpeech">MacInTalk</a> Text-to-Speech extension.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: William Nelson, <a href="http://www.allaboutjake.com">Jake Bordens</a></li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://communicrossings.com/html/newton/newtscape/docs/a0000003.shtml">Steve Weyer</a>, <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19991007065839/http://resources.pdadash.com/newtund/NU/dev/a0000003.shtml">Internet Archive</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>More Newton Text to Speech</dt>
<dd>
<p>An explanation of the embedded commands available in the <a href="http://www.unna.org/view.php?/apple/software/TextToSpeech">MacInTalk</a> Text-to-Speech extension.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Jim Bailey</li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://communicrossings.com/html/newton/newtscape/docs/a0000004.shtml">Steve Weyer</a>, <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19991007081258/http://resources.pdadash.com/newtund/NU/dev/a0000004.shtml">Internet Archive</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://waltersmith.us/newton/COMPCON-Arch.pdf">The Newton Application Architecture</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Official overview of the Newton application architecture, including the NewtonScript language, view system, object store, and communications system.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://waltersmith.us/">Walter Smith</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li></ul>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/">Newton Bowels</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Unofficial documentation of the inner workings of Newton OS. The following articles are NewtonScript-specific:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/Dictionary_Parts.txt">Dictionary Parts</a> (TXT)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/Events_and_NewtWorld.txt">Events and NewtWorld</a> (TXT)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/Forks_in_NewtonScript.txt">Forks in NewtonScript</a> (TXT)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/Getting_the_pen_s_position.html">Getting the Pen's Position</a> (HTML)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/Storage_on_NewtonOS.txt">Storage on NewtonOS</a> (TXT)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kallisys.com/files/newton/Bowels/Using_The_Name_Server.txt">Using the Name Server</a> (TXT)</li>
</ul>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.kallisys.com/">Paul Guyot</a>, <a href="http://www.sealiecomputing.com">Brian Parker</a></li>
<li>Format: HTML, PDF, TXT</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Newton Formats</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation of Newton data formats and protocols.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonFormats1.1.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://matejhorvat.si/en/ns/nferrata.htm">Newton Formats Errata</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Unofficial corrections to errors found in Apple's <em>Newton Formats</em> documentation.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://matejhorvat.si/">Matej Horvat</a></li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Newton OS 2.1 Engineering Documents</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation of changes and additions in Newton OS 2.1, including: NewtWorks, keyboard enhancements, grayscale imaging, graphics shapes, sound, dial-in networks, IrDA communications tool, and the eMate 300 multi-user environment.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://newted.org/download/manuals/NewtonOS21EngDoc.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/EngineeringDocsOS2.1.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://tools.unna.org/errors/">Newton OS Error Database</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A searchable database of Newton OS error codes gleaned from the NTK for Windows v1.6.1 help file, NIE 2.0 API documentation, and Lantern DDK documentation.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Various, <a href="http://www.chuma.org">Victor Rehorst</a></li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/NewtonProgrammerGuide20.PDF">Newton Programmer’s Guide</a> (for Newton 2.0)</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation for the Newton OS 2.0 application programming interfaces, providing an overview and conceptual information. See the <em>Newton Programmer’s Reference</em> for detailed reference documentation of data structures, functions, constants, and error codes.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://newted.org/download/manuals/NewtonProgrammerGuide20.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/ProgrammersGuideOS2.0.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Newton Programmer’s Guide: 2.1 OS Addendum</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation covering additions and changes in the Newton OS 2.1 application programming interfaces.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://newted.org/download/manuals/NewtonProgrammerGuide21Add.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/ProgrammersGuideOS2.1Addenum.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/NewtonProgrammerRef20.PDF">Newton Programmer’s Reference</a> (for Newton 2.0)</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation of the Newton OS 2.0 protos, methods, functions, data structures, and error codes. A companion to the <em>Newton Programmer’s Guide</em>.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://newted.org/download/manuals/NewtonProgrammerRef20.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/ProgrammersReferenceOS2.0.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>NewtonScript ByteCode</dt>
<dd>
<p>Documentation of the NewtonScript bytecode as compiled through observation.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Matthew Faupel</li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000304014401/http://archive.dstc.edu.au/AU/staff/david-arnold/newton/bytecode.html">Internet Archive</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/development/documentation/NSBytecode/bytecode.html">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>NewtonScriptに見る: もうひとつのプロトタイプ指向</dt>
<dd>
<p>An overview of the NewtonScript language presented at the 2008 <a href="http://ll.jus.or.jp/">Lightweight Language</a> conference in Toyko, Japan.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://so-kukan.com/gnue/">Makoto Nukui</a></li>
<li>Date: 2008-08-30</li>
<li>Format: <a href="http://ll.jus.or.jp/2008/slides/6/gnue.pdf">PDF</a>, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDdfTbJmgUQ">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/NewtonScriptProgramLanguage.PDF">The NewtonScript Programming Language</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Official introduction & reference material for the NewtonScript language under Newton OS 2.x. You’ll probably want to start here.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author:
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.newted.org/download/manuals/NewtonScriptProgramLanguage.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonScriptProgLanguage.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Newton Technology Journal</dt>
<dd>
<p>Apple’s Newton-specific technical journal, published six times per year from 1995-1997. The content is 70% development and 30% marketing.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_1_01.pdf">Volume I, Number 1</a> (PDF; February 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_1_02.pdf">Volume I, Number 2</a> (PDF; April 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_1_03.pdf">Volume I, Number 3</a> (PDF; June 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_1_04.pdf">Volume I, Number 4</a> (PDF; August 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_1_05.pdf">Volume I, Number 5</a> (PDF; November 1995)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_2_01.pdf">Volume II, Number 1</a> (PDF; February 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_2_02.pdf">Volume II, Number 2</a> (PDF; April 1996; translations: <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ2.02-Japanese_Apr96.pdf">Japanese</a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_2_03.pdf">Volume II, Number 3</a> (PDF; June 1996; translations: <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ2.03-Japanese_Jun96.pdf">Japanese</a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_2_04.pdf">Volume II, Number 4</a> (PDF; August 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_2_05.pdf">Volume II, Number 5</a> (PDF; October 1996)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_3_01.pdf">Volume III, Number 1</a> (PDF; January 1997)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal/NTJ_3_02.pdf">Volume III, Number 2</a> (PDF; March 1997)</li>
</ul>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a>, Various</li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.unna.org/view.php?/apple/documentation/developer/NewtonTechnologyJournal">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Newton Toolkit 1.6.x File Formats</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation of file formats used by <a href="#ntk">NTK</a> 1.6.x for Windows and Macintosh, specifically Project files, Layout files, and native code module files.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20040809072819/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Code/5100/newton/ntkfrmat.pdf">Internet Archive</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://matejhorvat.si/en/ns/ntktips.htm">Newton Toolkit Tips and Tricks</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Tips & tricks for <a href="#ntk">NTK</a>, esp. the Windows version.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://matejhorvat.si/">Matej Horvat</a></li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Newton User Interface Guidelines (for Newton 2.0)</dt>
<dd>
<p>Official documentation of Newton OS 2.0 user interface and how to optimize software for it, including the whys and hows.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: Book, PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.newted.org/download/manuals/Newton20UIGuide.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/UserInterfaceGuidelinesOS2.0.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://communicrossings.com/html/newton/newtscape/docs/nssyn.htm">Newt’s Cape: NewtonScript Syntax</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>This document covers issues related to embedding NewtonScript syntax in HTML and embedding HTML in NewtonScript.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://communicrossings.com/">Steve Weyer</a>, Greg Simon</li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20061010141541/http://home.comcast.net/~saweyer/newton/newtscape/docs/nssyn.htm">Internet Archive</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Programming for the Newton: Software Development with NewtonScript</dt>
<dd>
<p></p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Julie McKeehan, Neil Rhodes</li>
<li>Format: Book</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Programming for the Newton Using Macintosh</dt>
<dd>
<p></p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Julie McKeehan, Neil Rhodes</li>
<li>Format: Book, HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/development/documentation/ProgNewtUsingMac.zip">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Programming for the Newton Using Windows</dt>
<dd>
<p></p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Julie McKeehan, Neil Rhodes</li>
<li>Format: Book</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://waltersmith.us/newton/SELF%20and%20the%20Origins%20of%20NewtonScript.pdf">SELF and the Origins of NewtonScript</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>An introduction to the paper <em>Self: The Power of Simplicity</em>, by Ungar and Smith, which describes the aspects of NewtonScript which were inspired by the SELF programming language.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://waltersmith.us/">Walter Smith</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>The NewtonScript Programming Language</dt>
<dd>
<p>An overview of NewtonScript language, illustrating the differences between object oriented programming paradigms and relating how some NewtonScript features have their own particular programatic flavor.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: Arno Schödl</li>
<li>Format: HTML</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20041010175535/www.cc.gatech.edu/~schoedl/projects/NewtonScript/">Internet Archive</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>User Interface Guidelines for Newton OS 2.1 Keyboard Enhancements</dt>
<dd>
<p>A supplement to <em>Newton User Interface Guidelines</em> which specifically covers the keyboard enhancements in Newton OS 2.1.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://www.apple.com/">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
<li>Mirror: <a href="http://www.newted.org/download/manuals/NewtonKeyboardUIGuide.pdf">Newted</a>, <a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/apple/documentation/developer/UserInterfaceKeyboardOS2.1.pdf">UNNA</a></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><a href="http://waltersmith.us/newton/OOPSLA95.pdf">Using a Prototype-based Language for User Interface: The Newton Project’s Experience</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>An explanation of how the Newton OS user interface was implemented using a prototype-based language (NewtonScript) and the advantages it has over class-based languages.</p>
<ul class="metadata">
<li>Author: <a href="http://waltersmith.us/">Walter Smith</a></li>
<li>Format: PDF</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
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