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‎es_CL/.buildinfo‎

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# Sphinx build info version 1
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# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
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config: dc40191af95d1da16c8a632367b9e208
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tags: fbb0d17656682115ca4d033fb2f83ba1
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config: 2b47b6f720ecf59314e0c9afe4b8a637
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tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7

‎es_CL/_sources/conditional_loops.txt‎

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It's a bit of a stretch but keep at it! Don't be afraid to talk it out
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with a coach or another student.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------
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To draw a spiral, the turtle has to rotate by a constant value and move
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forward by an increasing value.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------
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‎es_CL/_sources/functions.txt‎

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@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ Write a function that draws a square. Could you use this function to improve the
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tilted squares program? If you change the program to use a function, is it easier
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to experiment with?
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------
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position and angle it was before it was asked to draw the hexagon. This
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makes it easier to reason about.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------
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‎es_CL/_sources/functions_parameters.txt‎

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Write a function that allows you to draw hexagons of any size you want, each
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time you call the function.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------
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.. tip::
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The sum of the internal angles of any shape is always 360 degrees!
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The sum of the external angles of any shape is always 360 degrees!
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------

‎es_CL/_sources/getting_started.txt‎

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@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ learn is how to use and interact with it. There are in fact many ways to do this
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the first one to learn is to interact with python's interpreter,
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using your **operating system's** (OS) console.
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A **console** (or 'terminal', or 'command prompt') is a *textual* way to interact with
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your OS, just as the 'desktop', in conjuction with your mouse, is the *graphical*
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way to interact your system.
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A **console** (or 'terminal', or 'command prompt') is a *textual* way to
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interact with your OS, just as the 'desktop', in conjuction with your mouse,
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is the *graphical* way to interact your system.
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Opening a console on Mac OS X
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-----------------------------
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Opening a console on Windows
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----------------------------
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Window's console is called the Command Prompt, named :program:`cmd`.
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An easy way to get to it is by using the key combination "Windows+R"
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('Windows' meaning the windows logo button), which should open a 'Run' dialog.
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Then type :kbd:`cmd` and hit :kbd:`<Enter>` or click Ok. You can also search
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for it from the start menu. It should look like::
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Window's console is called the Command Prompt, named :program:`cmd`. An easy
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way to get to it is by using the key combination :kbd:`Windows+R`
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(:kbd:`Windows` meaning the windows logo button), which should open a
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:guilabel:`Run` dialog. Then type :program:`cmd` and hit :kbd:`Enter` or
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click :guilabel:`Ok`. You can also search for it from the start menu. It should
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look like::
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C:\Users\myusername>
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called an **interpreter**. An interpreter takes commands and runs them as you
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enter them - very handy for trying things out.
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Just type :program:`python` at your console, hit :kbd:`<Enter>`, and you should
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Just type :program:`python` at your console, hit :kbd:`Enter`, and you should
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enter Python's Interpreter.
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To find out which version of python you're running,
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print("Hello world")
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Press :kbd:`<Enter>` and see what happens. After showing the results, Python
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Press :kbd:`Enter` and see what happens. After showing the results, Python
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will bring you back to the interactive prompt, where you could enter
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another command::
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another command:
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>>> print("Hello world")
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Hello world
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An extremely useful command is ``help()``, which enters a help functionality
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to explore all the stuff python lets you do, right from the interpreter.
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Press :kbd:`q` to close the help window and return to the Python prompt.
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To leave the interactive shell, press :kbd:`Ctrl-Z` and then
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:kbd:`Enter` on Windows, or :kbd:`Ctrl-D` on OS X or Linux. Alternatively,
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:program:`python` executable. It will execute that file instead of launching
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the interactive interpreter.
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**Let's try that**. Create a file :file:`hello.py` in your current directory
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with your favorite text editor and write the print command from above. Now
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save that file. On Linux or OS X, you can also run :kbd:`touch hello.py` to
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create an empty file to edit. To run this file with python, it's pretty easy:
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**Let's try that**. Create a file :file:`hello.py` in your current directory
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with your favorite text editor and write the print command from above. Now
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save that file. On Linux or OS X, you can also run ``touch hello.py`` to create
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an empty file to edit. To run this file with python, it's pretty easy:
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.. code-block:: bash
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On Windows you should also be able to double-click the Python file to run it.
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When pressing :kbd:`<Enter>` now, the file is executed and you see the output
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When pressing :kbd:`Enter` now, the file is executed and you see the output
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as before. But this time, after Python finished executing all commands from
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that file it exits back to the system command prompt, instead of going back
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to the interactive shell.

‎es_CL/_sources/index.txt‎

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Introduction to Programming with Python
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***************************************
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.. only:: not latex
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Table of contents:
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Table of contents:
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2

‎es_CL/_sources/logical_operators.txt‎

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Can we write a function that only goes forward if the pen is up?
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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it a box. If the turtle goes more than 100 in the X *or* Y axis then
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we turn the turtle back around to the center.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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‎es_CL/_sources/loops.txt‎

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for i in 5, 7, 11, 13:
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Write this example out and run it with python, to check it works how you might
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.. rst-class:: solution
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repeated lines of code. Can you write out a square drawing program in fewer
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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‎es_CL/_sources/simple_drawing.txt‎

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It has functions like ``turtle.forward(...)`` and ``turtle.left(...)`` which
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Before you can use turtle, you have to import it (we'd recommend playing around
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with it in the interactive interpreter first, there is an extra bit of work
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required to make it work from files)::
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Before you can use turtle, you have to import it. We recommend playing around
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with it in the interactive interpreter first, as there is an extra bit of work
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required to make it work from files. Just go to your terminal and type::
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.. note::
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Not seeing anything on Mac OS? Try looking if a new window opened behind
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your command line.
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Not seeing anything on Mac OS? Try issuing a command like
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``turtle.forward(0)`` and looking if a new window opened behind your
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command line.
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Do you work with Ubuntu and get the error message "No module named
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_tkinter"? Install the missing package with ``sudo apt-get install
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python3-tk``
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.. note::
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While it might be tempting to just copy and paste what's written on
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this page into your terminal, we encourage you to type out each command.
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Typing gets the syntax under your fingers (building that muscle memory!)
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and can even help avoid strange syntax errors.
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::
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The ``turtle.forward(...)`` function tells the turtle to move forward
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by the given distance. ``turtle.left(...)`` takes a number of degrees which you want
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to rotate to the left. (There are ``turtle.backward(...)`` and
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``turtle.right(...)``, too.)
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by the given distance. ``turtle.left(...)`` takes a number of degrees which you
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want to rotate to the left. There is also ``turtle.backward(...)`` and
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``turtle.right(...)``, too.
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.. note::
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Want to start fresh? You can type ``turtle.reset()`` to clear the drawing
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that your ``turtle`` has made so far. We'll go into more detail on
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``turtle.reset()`` in just a bit.
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The standard turtle is just a triangle. That's no fun! Let's make it a turtle
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Python is a programming language where horizontal indenting of text is
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important. We'll learn all about this in the Functions chapter later on,
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but for now just keep in mind that stray spaces or tabs before any line
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of Python code will cause an unexpected error.
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Python is a programming language where horizontal indenting of text is
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important. We'll learn all about this in the Functions chapter later on,
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but for now just keep in mind that stray spaces or tabs before any line
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of Python code can cause an unexpected error.
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Drawing a square
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.. rst-class:: solution
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NameError: name 'turtle' is not defined
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when trying to view help? In Python you have to import names before you can refer to them, so in a new Python interactive shell you'll need to ``import turtle`` before ``help(turtle.color)`` will work.
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when trying to view help? In Python you have to import names before you
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can refer to them, so in a new Python interactive shell you'll need to
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``import turtle`` before ``help(turtle.color)`` will work.
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Another way to find out about functions is to browse the `online documentation`_.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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The picture shows three 20 degree turns. You could try 20, 30 and 40, for example.
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.. rst-class:: solution
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turtle.forward(50)
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‎es_CL/_sources/variables.txt‎

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If we have a variable called ``angle``, how could we use that to experiment
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.. rst-class:: solution
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Solution
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--------
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