harryfoster2006 · Nov 11, 2026 · Nov 11, 2026
diff --git a/src/main/jjtree/net/sf/jsqlparser/parser/JSqlParserCC.jjt b/src/main/jjtree/net/sf/jsqlparser/parser/JSqlParserCC.jjt
@@ -1087,6 +1087,82 @@ public class CCJSqlParser extends AbstractJSqlParser<CCJSqlParser> {
         return left;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Whether the token after the ":" of a JSON path is a word that is no identifier token, i.e. a
+     * keyword, which names the path element all the same. A word followed by "(" stays a function.
+     */
+    private boolean isKeywordJsonPathName() {
+        Token colon = getToken(0);
+        return colon != null && ":".equals(colon.image) && isKeywordWord(1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the token at the given position is a word that is no identifier token, i.e. a keyword,
+     * and not the name of a function call.
+     */
+    private boolean isKeywordWord(int position) {
+        Token word = getToken(position);
+        if (word.image == null || word.kind == S_IDENTIFIER || word.kind == S_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER
+                || "(".equals(getToken(position + 1).image)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String image = word.image;
+        if (image.isEmpty() || (!Character.isLetter(image.charAt(0)) && image.charAt(0) != '_')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 1; i < image.length(); i++) {
+            if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(image.charAt(i)) && image.charAt(i) != '_') {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the path after the ":" of a JSON path, which starts with an identifier, goes on with a
+     * keyword after a ".", e.g. v:a.output or v:a[0].b.from. The expression parser would read such a
+     * path as a qualified column name, which does not take a keyword as a part.
+     */
+    private boolean isJsonPathWithKeywordAfterDot() {
+        Token colon = getToken(0);
+        if (colon == null || !":".equals(colon.image)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Token first = getToken(1);
+        if (first.kind != S_IDENTIFIER && first.kind != S_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int position = 2;
+        while (true) {
+            Token token = getToken(position);
+            if (".".equals(token.image)) {
+                if (isKeywordWord(position + 1)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                Token name = getToken(position + 1);
+                if (name.kind != S_IDENTIFIER && name.kind != S_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                position += 2;
+            } else if ("[".equals(token.image)) {
+                int depth = 0;
+                do {
+                    token = getToken(position);
+                    if ("[".equals(token.image)) {
+                        depth++;
+                    } else if ("]".equals(token.image)) {
+                        depth--;
+                    } else if (token.kind == EOF) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    position++;
+                } while (depth > 0);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private boolean isPostgreSqlJsonAccess(Token token) {
         return ("->".equals(token.image) || "->>".equals(token.image)
                 || "#>".equals(token.image) || "#>>".equals(token.image))
@@ -14586,11 +14662,7 @@ Expression PrimaryExpression() #PrimaryExpression:
                 token="#>>"
             )
 
-            (
-                LOOKAHEAD({getAsBoolean(Feature.allowComplexParsing) && !interrupted }) expression=Expression()
-                |
-                expression=SimpleExpression()
-            )
+            expression=JsonPathElement()
             {
                 if (jsonIdents == null) {
                     jsonIdents = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<Expression, String>>();
@@ -14948,6 +15020,75 @@ StructType StructType() #StruckType:
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * The element after a ":" in a JSON path (Snowflake, Databricks).  A path name is mandatory there,
+ * so any word is a name, reserved or not: v:from::INT, v:select, v:output.x[0].
+ */
+Expression JsonPathElement() #void:
+{ Expression element; }
+{
+    (
+        LOOKAHEAD({ isKeywordJsonPathName() || isJsonPathWithKeywordAfterDot() }) element=JsonPathKeyword()
+        |
+        LOOKAHEAD({getAsBoolean(Feature.allowComplexParsing) && !interrupted}) element=Expression()
+        |
+        element=SimpleExpression()
+    )
+    { return element; }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A keyword used as a JSON path name. The token is taken as it is, as no token kind in the grammar
+ * stands for "any keyword", then the path name continues like a primary expression: further
+ * navigation steps, casts and the arithmetic tier SimpleExpression() also applies.
+ */
+Expression JsonPathKeyword() #void:
+{
+    Token first = getToken(1);
+    Token keyword;
+    Expression element;
+    Expression step;
+    ColDataType type;
+    CastExpression cast;
+}
+{
+    {
+        keyword = getNextToken();
+        element = linkToLastToken(new Column(keyword.image));
+    }
+    ( LOOKAHEAD(2) step=JsonPathStep(element) { element = linked(step, first); } )*
+    (
+        LOOKAHEAD(2) "::" type=ColDataType() {
+            cast = new CastExpression();
+            cast.setUseCastKeyword(false);
+            cast.setLeftExpression(element);
+            cast.setColDataType(type);
+            element = linked(cast, first);
+        }
+    )*
+    {
+        int arithFloor = Dialect.MYSQL.name().equals(getAsString(Feature.dialect)) ? 2 : 4;
+        return prattArithRest(element, first, arithFloor);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A navigation step within a JSON path, where a keyword after a "." names a path element as well:
+ * v:a.output, v:a[0].from.
+ */
+Expression JsonPathStep(Expression base) #void:
+{ Expression step; }
+{
+    (
+        LOOKAHEAD({ ".".equals(getToken(1).image) && isKeywordWord(2) }) "." {
+            step = new RowGetExpression(base, getNextToken().image);
+        }
+        |
+        step=NavigationStep(base)
+    )
+    { return step; }
+}
+
 JsonExpression JsonExpression(Expression expr, List<Map.Entry<Expression, String>> idents) : {
   JsonExpression result = new JsonExpression(expr, idents);
   Expression expression;
@@ -14991,11 +15132,7 @@ JsonExpression JsonExpression(Expression expr, List<Map.Entry<Expression, String
                 token="#>>"
             )
 
-            (
-                LOOKAHEAD({getAsBoolean(Feature.allowComplexParsing) && !interrupted}) expression=Expression()
-                |
-                expression=SimpleExpression()
-            )
+            expression=JsonPathElement()
             {
                 result.addIdent( expression, token.image );
             }

diff --git a/src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/expression/JsonExpressionTest.java b/src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/expression/JsonExpressionTest.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 package net.sf.jsqlparser.expression;
 
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.JSQLParserException;
+import net.sf.jsqlparser.parser.AbstractJSqlParser.Dialect;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.parser.CCJSqlParserUtil;
 import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.select.PlainSelect;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
@@ -55,6 +56,99 @@ void testHashArrowOperatorsRoundTrip() throws JSQLParserException {
         }
     }
 
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"select", "from", "where", "join", "union", "and", "or", "not", "case",
+            "when", "else", "as", "is", "like", "having", "distinct", "inner", "into", "with",
+            "outer", "cross", "using", "output", "null", "order", "group"})
+    void testSnowflakeKeywordAsPathName(String keyword) throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sqlStr = "SELECT v:" + keyword + "::INT, v:" + keyword + ".x[0] FROM vartab";
+        PlainSelect st = (PlainSelect) assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlStr, true);
+        Assertions.assertInstanceOf(JsonExpression.class, st.getSelectItem(0).getExpression());
+        Assertions.assertInstanceOf(JsonExpression.class, st.getSelectItem(1).getExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testSnowflakeKeywordPathNameBeforeClause() throws JSQLParserException {
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
+                "SELECT v:from FROM t WHERE v:where::INT = 1 ORDER BY v:order",
+                true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testSnowflakeKeywordPathNameInInsertSelect() throws JSQLParserException {
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("INSERT INTO \"MY_DB\".\"MY_SCHEMA\".\"T\" (\"c\")\n"
+                + "SELECT \"F\".\"DATA_VALUE\":window::VARCHAR FROM \"MY_DB\".\"MY_SCHEMA\".\"RAW_TRACES\" AS \"F\"",
+                true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testSnowflakeKeywordPathNameOnLateralFlatten() throws JSQLParserException {
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("INSERT INTO \"MY_DB\".\"MY_SCHEMA\".\"OBS\" (\"o\")\n"
+                + "SELECT \"obs\".VALUE:output::VARIANT\n"
+                + "FROM \"MY_DB\".\"MY_SCHEMA\".\"RAW_TRACES\" AS \"F\",\n"
+                + "     lateral flatten(input=>\"F\".\"DATA_VALUE\":observations, outer => true, mode => 'ARRAY') AS \"obs\"",
+                true);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"SELECT v:from::INT, v:output.x[0] FROM t",
+            "SELECT v:select + 1, v:where * 2 - v:from FROM t",
+            "SELECT v:window::INT + 1 FROM t WHERE v:order::INT > 2"})
+    void testKeywordPathNameDatabricksAndMysqlArithmetic(String sql) throws JSQLParserException {
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql, true,
+                parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.DATABRICKS));
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql, true, parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.SNOWFLAKE));
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql, true, parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.MYSQL));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {
+            "SELECT coalesce(v:from, v:select::INT) FROM t",
+            "SELECT CASE WHEN v:when::INT = 1 THEN v:else ELSE v:end END FROM t",
+            "SELECT * FROM (SELECT v:from AS a FROM t) x WHERE x.a IN (SELECT v:where FROM u)",
+            "SELECT * FROM t WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM u WHERE u.v:order::INT = t.id)",
+            "SELECT f(v:window, (SELECT w:output FROM u)) FROM t"})
+    void testKeywordPathNameInsideNestedConstructs(String sql) throws JSQLParserException {
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql, true, parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.SNOWFLAKE));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"select", "from", "where", "join", "union", "and", "or", "not", "case",
+            "when", "else", "as", "is", "like", "having", "distinct", "inner", "into", "with",
+            "outer", "cross", "using", "output", "null", "true", "false", "order", "group"})
+    void testSnowflakeKeywordAfterDotInPath(String keyword) throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sqlStr = "SELECT v:a." + keyword + ", v:a.b." + keyword + "::INT, v:a[0]." + keyword
+                + ".x[1] FROM vartab";
+        PlainSelect st = (PlainSelect) assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlStr, true);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            Assertions.assertInstanceOf(JsonExpression.class, st.getSelectItem(i).getExpression());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {
+            "SELECT v:a.output + 1, \"F\".\"X\":\"a\".from::VARIANT AS y FROM t F",
+            "SELECT * FROM t WHERE v:payload.output::INT = 1 ORDER BY v:payload.from",
+            "SELECT v:a.output FROM t, lateral flatten(input => t.v:a.input.where) f"})
+    void testKeywordAfterDotInPathInContext(String sql) throws JSQLParserException {
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql, true, parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.SNOWFLAKE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testKeywordAfterDotOutsideJsonPathIsStillRejected() {
+        // a reserved word is not a part of a qualified name, only of a JSON path
+        Assertions.assertThrows(JSQLParserException.class,
+                () -> CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("SELECT t.output FROM t",
+                        parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.SNOWFLAKE)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testKeywordFollowedByParenthesisStaysFunction() throws JSQLParserException {
+        // only parsing is asserted: a function behind ":" deparses with "."
+        Assertions.assertNotNull(CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("SELECT v:left(x) FROM t",
+                parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.SNOWFLAKE)));
+    }
+
     @Test
     void testSnowflakeGetOperator() throws JSQLParserException {
         // https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-semistructured

diff --git a/src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/parser/ASTNodeCoverageTest.java b/src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/parser/ASTNodeCoverageTest.java
@@ -171,6 +171,12 @@ public void testStatementsTheCorpusLacks() throws JSQLParserException {
                 "DELETE FROM t USING s JOIN u ON s.id = u.id, v WHERE t.id = s.id"}) {
             new Walk(sql, sql, problems).check(CCJSqlParserUtil.parseStatements(sql));
         }
+        for (String sql : new String[] {"SELECT v:select FROM t", "SELECT v:select::INT FROM t",
+                "SELECT v:select.x[0], v:from::INT + 1 FROM t",
+                "SELECT v:a.output, v:a.b.from::INT, v:a[0].from.x[1] + 1 FROM t"}) {
+            new Walk(sql, sql, problems).check(CCJSqlParserUtil.parseStatements(sql,
+                    parser -> parser.withDialect(AbstractJSqlParser.Dialect.SNOWFLAKE)));
+        }
         String block = "BEGIN x := 1; NULL; foo(1); END;";
         new Walk(block, block, problems).check(CCJSqlParserUtil.parseStatements(block,
                 parser -> parser.withDialect(AbstractJSqlParser.Dialect.ORACLE)));

diff --git a/src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/create/CreateTableTest.java b/src/test/java/net/sf/jsqlparser/statement/create/CreateTableTest.java
@@ -1388,4 +1388,21 @@ void testPostgreSqlDeclarativePartitionChildrenIssue2522() throws JSQLParserExce
                 defaultSql, true, parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.POSTGRESQL));
         assertEquals(PartitionBound.Type.DEFAULT, defaultPartition.getPartitionBound().getType());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCreateOrReplaceTableCopyGrantsAsSelectFromFlattenedVariant()
+            throws JSQLParserException {
+        String sql =
+                "CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE \"MY_DB\".\"MY_SCHEMA\".\"STAGING_TRACES\" COPY GRANTS\n"
+                        + "AS (SELECT\n"
+                        + "  *\n"
+                        + "FROM (SELECT\n"
+                        + "  \"FLATTEN_VARIANT_INPUT\".\"DATA_VALUE\":id::VARCHAR AS \"id\",\n"
+                        + "  \"FLATTEN_VARIANT_INPUT\".\"DATA_VALUE\":input::VARIANT AS \"input\",\n"
+                        + "  \"FLATTEN_VARIANT_INPUT\".\"DATA_VALUE\":output::VARIANT AS \"output\"\n"
+                        + "FROM (SELECT\n"
+                        + "        \"DATA_VALUE\"\n"
+                        + "      FROM \"MY_DB\".\"MY_SCHEMA\".\"RAW_TRACES\") AS \"FLATTEN_VARIANT_INPUT\"))";
+        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql, true, parser -> parser.withDialect(Dialect.SNOWFLAKE));
+    }
 }