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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<span>Math.clamp()</span>
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<div class="tip-meta">
<span class="badge datetime">Date/Time</span>
<span class="badge beginner">beginner</span>
</div>
<h1>Math.clamp()</h1>
<p>Clamp a value between bounds with a single clear call.</p>
</div>
<section class="compare-section">
<div class="section-label">Code Comparison</div>
<div class="compare-container">
<div class="compare-panel old-panel">
<div class="compare-panel-header">
<span class="compare-tag old">✕ Java 8</span>
<button class="copy-btn" data-code="old">Copy</button>
</div>
<div class="compare-code">
<pre class="code-text">// Clamp value between min and max
int clamped =
Math.min(Math.max(value, 0), 100);
// or: min and max order confusion</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="compare-panel modern-panel">
<div class="compare-panel-header">
<span class="compare-tag modern">✓ Java 21+</span>
<button class="copy-btn" data-code="modern">Copy</button>
</div>
<div class="compare-code">
<pre class="code-text">int clamped =
Math.clamp(value, 0, 100);
// value constrained to [0, 100]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="why-section">
<div class="section-label">Why the modern way wins</div>
<div class="why-grid">
<div class="why-card">
<div class="why-icon">📖</div>
<h3>Self-documenting</h3>
<p>clamp(value, min, max) is unambiguous.</p>
</div>
<div class="why-card">
<div class="why-icon">🛡️</div>
<h3>Less error-prone</h3>
<p>No more swapping min/max order by accident.</p>
</div>
<div class="why-card">
<div class="why-icon">🎯</div>
<h3>All numeric types</h3>
<p>Works with int, long, float, and double.</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="info-grid">
<div class="info-card">
<div class="info-label">Old Approach</div>
<div class="info-value red">Nested min/max</div>
</div>
<div class="info-card">
<div class="info-label">Modern Approach</div>
<div class="info-value green">Math.clamp()</div>
</div>
<div class="info-card">
<div class="info-label">Since JDK</div>
<div class="info-value accent">21</div>
</div>
<div class="info-card">
<div class="info-label">Difficulty</div>
<div class="info-value blue">beginner</div>
</div>
</div>
<section class="bs-section">
<div class="section-label">JDK Support</div>
<div class="bs-card">
<div class="bs-feature-name">Math.clamp()</div>
<span class="baseline-badge widely">Available</span>
<p class="bs-desc">Widely available since JDK 21 LTS (Sept 2023)</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="explanation">
<h2>How it works</h2>
<p>Math.clamp(value, min, max) constrains a value to the range [min, max]. Clearer than nested Math.min/Math.max and available for int, long, float, and double.</p>
</section>
<section class="related">
<h2>Related patterns</h2>
<div class="related-grid">
<a href="/instant-precision.html" class="tip-card">
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<span class="badge datetime">Date/Time</span>
<span class="badge intermediate">intermediate</span>
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</div>
<h3>Instant with nanosecond precision</h3>
</div>
<div class="card-code">
<div class="card-code-layer old-layer">
<div class="mini-label">Java 8</div>
<pre class="code-text">// Millisecond precision only
long millis =
System.currentTimeMillis();
// 1708012345678</pre>
</div>
<div class="card-code-layer modern-layer">
<div class="mini-label">Java 9+</div>
<pre class="code-text">// Microsecond/nanosecond precision
Instant now = Instant.now();
// 2025-02-15T20:12:25.678901234Z
long nanos = now.getNano();</pre>
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<h3>HexFormat</h3>
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<div class="card-code-layer old-layer">
<div class="mini-label">Java 8</div>
<pre class="code-text">// Pad to 2 digits, uppercase
String hex = String.format(
"%02X", byteValue);
// Parse hex string
int val = Integer.parseInt(
"FF", 16);</pre>
</div>
<div class="card-code-layer modern-layer">
<div class="mini-label">Java 17+</div>
<pre class="code-text">HexFormat hex = HexFormat.of()
.withUpperCase();
String s = hex.toHexDigits(
byteValue);
byte[] bytes =
hex.parseHex("48656C6C6F");</pre>
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<h3>Duration and Period</h3>
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<div class="card-code">
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<div class="mini-label">Pre-Java 8</div>
<pre class="code-text">// How many days between two dates?
long diff = date2.getTime()
- date1.getTime();
long days = diff
/ (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
// ignores DST, leap seconds</pre>
</div>
<div class="card-code-layer modern-layer">
<div class="mini-label">Java 8+</div>
<pre class="code-text">long days = ChronoUnit.DAYS
.between(date1, date2);
Period period = Period.between(
date1, date2);
Duration elapsed = Duration.between(
time1, time2);</pre>
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