file tools/system

target remote :1234

HDA_IMG = ../rootfs/hdc-0.11-new.img

CALLTREE=$(shell find tools/ -name "calltree" -perm 755 -type f)

BOCHS=bochs

RAMDISK = #-DRAMDISK=512

include Makefile.header

LDFLAGS += -Ttext 0 -e startup_32

CFLAGS += $(RAMDISK) -Iinclude

CPP += -Iinclude

ROOT_DEV= #FLOPPY

ARCHIVES=kernel/kernel.o mm/mm.o fs/fs.o

DRIVERS =kernel/blk_drv/blk_drv.a kernel/chr_drv/chr_drv.a

MATH =kernel/math/math.a

LIBS =lib/lib.a

.c.s:

@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -S -o $*.s $<

.s.o:

@$(AS) -o $*.o $<

.c.o:

@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $*.o $<

all: Image

Image: boot/bootsect boot/setup tools/system

@cp -f tools/system system.tmp

@strip system.tmp

@objcopy -O binary -R .note -R .comment system.tmp tools/kernel

@tools/build.sh boot/bootsect boot/setup tools/kernel Image $(ROOT_DEV)

@rm system.tmp

@rm tools/kernel -f

@sync

disk: Image

@dd bs=8192 if=Image of=/dev/fd0

boot/head.o: boot/head.s

@make head.o -C boot/

tools/system: boot/head.o init/main.o \

$(ARCHIVES) $(DRIVERS) $(MATH) $(LIBS)

@$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) boot/head.o init/main.o \

$(ARCHIVES) \

$(DRIVERS) \

$(MATH) \

$(LIBS) \

-o tools/system

@nm tools/system | grep -v '\(compiled\)\|\(\.o$$\)\|\( [aU] \)\|\(\.\.ng$$\)\|\(LASH[RL]DI\)'| sort > System.map

kernel/math/math.a:

@make -C kernel/math

kernel/blk_drv/blk_drv.a:

@make -C kernel/blk_drv

kernel/chr_drv/chr_drv.a:

@make -C kernel/chr_drv

kernel/kernel.o:

@make -C kernel

mm/mm.o:

@make -C mm

fs/fs.o:

@make -C fs

lib/lib.a:

@make -C lib

boot/setup: boot/setup.s

@make setup -C boot

boot/bootsect: boot/bootsect.s

@make bootsect -C boot

tmp.s: boot/bootsect.s tools/system

@(echo -n "SYSSIZE = (";ls -l tools/system | grep system \

| cut -c25-31 | tr '\012' ' '; echo "+ 15 ) / 16") > tmp.s

@cat boot/bootsect.s >> tmp.s

clean:

@rm -f Image System.map tmp_make core boot/bootsect boot/setup

@rm -f init/*.o tools/system boot/*.o typescript* info bochsout.txt

@for i in mm fs kernel lib boot; do make clean -C $$i; done

info:

@make clean

@script -q -c "make all"

@cat typescript | col -bp | grep -E "warning|Error" > info

@cat info

distclean: clean

@rm -f tag cscope* linux-0.11.* $(CALLTREE)

@(find tools/calltree-2.3 -name "*.o" | xargs -i rm -f {})

@make clean -C tools/calltree-2.3

@make clean -C tools/bochs/bochs-2.3.7

backup: clean

@(cd .. ; tar cf - linux | compress16 - > backup.Z)

@sync

dep:

@sed '/\#\#\# Dependencies/q' < Makefile > tmp_make

@(for i in init/*.c;do echo -n "init/";$(CPP) -M $$i;done) >> tmp_make

@cp tmp_make Makefile

@for i in fs kernel mm; do make dep -C $$i; done

tag: tags

tags:

@ctags -R

cscope:

@cscope -Rbkq

start:

@qemu -m 16M -boot a -fda Image -hda $(HDA_IMG)

bochs-start:

@$(BOCHS) -q -f tools/bochs/bochsrc/bochsrc-hd.bxrc

debug:

@qemu -m 16M -boot a -fda Image -hda $(HDA_IMG) -s -S -nographic -serial '/dev/ttyS0'

bochs-debug:

@$(BOCHS) -q -f tools/bochs/bochsrc/bochsrc-hd-dbg.bxrc

bochs:

ifeq ($(BOCHS),)

@(cd tools/bochs/bochs-2.3.7; \

./configure --enable-plugins --enable-disasm --enable-gdb-stub;\

make)

bochs-clean:

@make clean -C tools/bochs/bochs-2.3.7

calltree:

ifeq ($(CALLTREE),)

@make -C tools/calltree-2.3

calltree-clean:

@(find tools/calltree-2.3 -name "*.o" \

-o -name "calltree" -type f | xargs -i rm -f {})

cg: callgraph

callgraph:

@calltree -b -np -m init/main.c | tools/tree2dotx > linux-0.11.dot

@dot -Tjpg linux-0.11.dot -o linux-0.11.jpg

help:

@echo "<<<<This is the basic help info of linux-0.11>>>"

@echo ""

@echo "Usage:"

@echo " make --generate a kernel floppy Image with a fs on hda1"

@echo " make start -- start the kernel in qemu"

@echo " make debug -- debug the kernel in qemu & gdb at port 1234"

@echo " make disk -- generate a kernel Image & copy it to floppy"

@echo " make cscope -- genereate the cscope index databases"

@echo " make tags -- generate the tag file"

@echo " make cg -- generate callgraph of the system architecture"

@echo " make clean -- clean the object files"

@echo " make distclean -- only keep the source code files"

@echo ""

@echo "Note!:"

@echo " * You need to install the following basic tools:"

@echo " ubuntu|debian, qemu|bochs, ctags, cscope, calltree, graphviz "

@echo " vim-full, build-essential, hex, dd, gcc 4.3.2..."

@echo " * Becarefull to change the compiling options, which will heavily"

@echo " influence the compiling procedure and running result."

@echo ""

@echo "Author:"

@echo " * 1991, linus write and release the original linux 0.95(linux 0.11)."

@echo " * 2005, jiong.zhao<gohigh@sh163.net> release a new version "

@echo " which can be used in RedHat 9 along with the book 'Explaining "

@echo " Linux-0.11 Completly', and he build a site http://www.oldlinux.org"

@echo " * 2008, falcon<wuzhangjin@gmail.com> release a new version which can be"

@echo " used in ubuntu|debian 32bit|64bit with gcc 4.3.2, and give some new "

@echo " features for experimenting. such as this help info, boot/bootsect.s and"

@echo " boot/setup.s with AT&T rewritting, porting to gcc 4.3.2 :-)"

@echo ""

@echo "<<<Be Happy To Play With It :-)>>>"

init/main.o: init/main.c include/unistd.h include/sys/stat.h \

include/sys/types.h include/sys/times.h include/sys/utsname.h \

include/utime.h include/time.h include/linux/tty.h include/termios.h \

include/linux/sched.h include/linux/head.h include/linux/fs.h \

include/linux/mm.h include/signal.h include/asm/system.h \

include/asm/io.h include/stddef.h include/stdarg.h include/fcntl.h

# This file is the Makefile Header for every sub Makefile, which designed to

# simplfy the porting and maintaining operation

# author: falcon <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>

# update: 2008-10-29

AS = as --32

LD = ld

LDFLAGS = -m elf_i386 -x

CC = gcc -fno-stack-protector

CFLAGS = -g -m32 -fno-builtin -fomit-frame-pointer -fstrength-reduce #-Wall

CPP = cpp -nostdinc

AR = ar

# we should use -fno-stack-protector with gcc 4.3

gcc_version=$(shell ls -l `which gcc` | tr '-' '\n' | tail -1)

qemu-system-i386 -m 16M -boot a -fda Image -hda rootfs/hdc-0.11-new.img

qemu-system-x86_64 -m 16M -boot a -fda Image -hda rootfs/hdc-0.11-new.img -gdb tcp::1234 -S

linux-0.11 development environment(linux-based)

tigercn <moonlight.yang@gmail.com>

update: 2011-07-31

falcon <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>

update: 2008-10-15

NOTE: you can download the whole dev environment from

http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/software/linux-0.11/linux-0.11-for-gcc4.3.2.tar.gz

Here is just the source code of linux-0.11 for gcc 4.3.2.

1. preparation

* a linux distribution: debian and ubuntu are recommended

* a virtual machine: qemu(recommend) or bochs

* some tools: cscope, ctags, gcc-4.3(or 4.1,4.2,3.4), vim, bash, gdb, dd, qemu, xorg-dev, xserver-xorg-dev...

$ apt-get install qemu cscope exuberant-ctags gcc-4.3 vim-full bash gdb build-essential hex graphviz xorg-dev xserver-xorg-dev vgabios libxpm-dev bochs bochs-x bochsbios bximage

* a linux-0.11 hardware image file: hdc-0.11-new.img, please download it from http://www.oldlinux.org, or http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/os/oldlinux.org/, after downloading it, you'd put it in linux-0.11/fs/ directory.

and you'd better install tools/calltree, tools/tree2dotx yourself: just copy

them to /usr/bin, of course, you'd compile calltree at first.

2. hack linux-0.11

get help from the main Makefile of linux-0.11 and star to hack it.

$ cd linux-0.11

$ make help // get help

$ make // compile

$ make start // boot it on qemu

$ make debug // debug it via qemu & gdb, you'd start gdb to connect it.

$ make tags // create the tag file from the source code

$ make cscope // create the cscope index database from the source code

NOTE!

there is a calltree in tools/, which can help you to analyze the source code

via printing the calling tree of some indicated functions.

compile

$ cd tools/calltree-2.3

install

$ sudo cp ./calltree/OBJ/i686-linux-cc/calltree /usr/bin

use

$ calltree // just type calltree and get the help

3. debug

start the kernel with qemu, which will listening on port 1234

$ cd linux-0.11

$ make debug

open a new terminal, start gdb and connect the gdbstub in qemu

$ gdb linux-0.11/tools/system

(gdb) break main

(gdb) target remote localhost:1234

(gdb) s // si:assembly instruction, s|n: c statement(s will enter into subfunc)

(gdb) ...

References & Links

[1] http://oss.lzu.edu.cn/blog/article.php?tid_1693.html

[2] http://oss.lzu.edu.cn/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=1403&forum=35