LEED is a scientific corpus of select emoticon emojis and ASCII emoticons (sideways and kaomoji style) for scientific, especially psychological research. It also covers some hearts and hand signs.
Sideways Western Style
| Stimulus ID |
Code |
Intended Meaning |
| Emot01a |
:D |
Laughing, big grin |
| Emot01b |
XD |
Laughing, big grin |
| Emot01c |
:)) |
Laughing, big grin |
| Emot08a |
;) |
Wink |
| Emot08b |
*) |
Wink |
| Emot09 |
:"> |
Blushing |
| Emot11 |
B-) |
Cool |
| Emot12 |
:x |
Love struck |
| Emot13b |
:-* |
Kiss |
| Emot17a |
:o) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot18a |
:) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot18b |
:] |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot18c |
:-) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot20a |
0:) |
Innocent, angel |
| Emot20b |
O:-) |
Innocent, angel |
| Emot22 |
:| |
Straight face |
| Emot24 |
[-( |
No talking |
| Emot26 |
:> |
Smug |
| Emot29a |
:O |
Surprise, shock |
| Emot29b |
:-O |
Surprise, shock |
| Emot31a |
:X |
Sealed lips, embarrassed, Don't tell anyone |
| Emot31b |
:# |
Sealed lips, embarrassed, Don't tell anyone |
| Emot31c |
:-$ |
Sealed lips, embarrassed, Don't tell anyone |
| Emot32 |
I-) |
Sleepy |
| Emot35 |
#:-S |
Whew! |
| Emot36 |
:-B |
Nerd |
| Emot37a |
:P |
Tongue sticking out, blowing a raspberry |
| Emot37b |
:p |
Tongue sticking out, blowing a raspberry |
| Emot37c |
:b |
Tongue sticking out, blowing a raspberry |
| Emot38 |
8-} |
Silly face |
| Emot40a |
:( |
Frown, sad |
| Emot40b |
:c |
Frown, sad |
| Emot42 |
8-| |
Rolling eyes |
| Emot45a |
:/ |
Sceptical, annoyed, uneasy, confused |
| Emot45b |
:\ |
Sceptical, annoyed, uneasy, confused |
| Emot45c |
:-/ |
Sceptical, annoyed, uneasy, confused |
| Emot46 |
L-) |
Loser |
| Emot49 |
:-& |
Sick |
| Emot54 |
:-S |
Worried |
| Emot56a |
:'( |
Crying |
| Emot56b |
:(( |
Crying |
| Emot58 |
/:) |
Raised eyebrows |
| Emot61 |
~X( |
At wits' end |
| Emot64a |
D: |
Horror, disgust |
| Emot64b |
D= |
Horror, disgust |
| Emot67 |
X( |
Angry |
| Emot70 |
>:) |
Devil |
| Emot72 |
=(( |
Broken heart |
| Emot79 |
:)] |
on the phone |
| Emot80 |
:-h |
Wave |
| Emot81 |
:-t |
Time out |
| Emot82 |
8-> |
Day dreaming |
| Emot83 |
<:-P |
Party |
| Emot85 |
;;) |
batting eyelashes |
| Emot86 |
:O) |
Clown |
| Emot87 |
:-c |
Call me |
| Emot88 |
=)) |
Rolling on the floor |
Vertical Eastern Style (Kaomoji)
| Stimulus ID |
Code |
Intended Meaning |
| Emot07 |
(^o^) |
Singing, laughing |
| Emot08c |
(`_^) |
Wink |
| Emot08d |
(^_~) |
Wink |
| Emot13c |
(^3^) |
Kiss |
| Emot17b |
(^_^) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot17c |
(^-^) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot17d |
(^ ^) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot17e |
(^.^) |
Smiley or happy face |
| Emot23 |
(-_-) |
Upset, sighing |
| Emot27a |
(>_<) |
In pain, frustrated |
| Emot27b |
(>.<) |
In pain, frustrated |
| Emot34a |
(-.-)zzZ |
Sleeping |
| Emot34b |
-_-zzZ |
Sleeping |
| Emot43a |
(^_^') |
Nervous, sweat-drop, embarrassed |
| Emot43b |
^_^" |
Nervous, sweat-drop, embarrassed |
| Emot53a |
(._.) |
Disappointed, bitter |
| Emot53b |
(,_,) |
Disappointed, bitter |
| Emot57a |
(;_;) |
Crying |
| Emot57b |
(T_T) |
Crying |
| Emot57c |
(ToT) |
Crying |
| Emot76a |
d^_^b |
Listening to music; Thumbs up |
| Emot76b |
d-_-b |
Listening to music; Thumbs up |
| Emot84 |
(X_X) |
Dead |
Other or Mixed Style
| Stimulus ID |
Code |
Intended Meaning |
| Emot13a |
x |
Kiss |
| Emot19a |
O |
Hug, big hug |
| Emot19b |
>:D< |
Hug, big hug |
| Emot71 |
<3 |
Love (heart) |
| Emot75 |
=; |
talk to the hand |
Non-Unicode8 emojis
| Stimulus ID |
Graphic |
Source |
EmjFb07 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb17 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb29 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb56 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb67 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb71 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb76 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb77 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjFb78 |
 |
Facebook |
EmjPe86 |
🤡 |
Emojipedia |
EmjPe87 |
🤙 |
Emojipedia |
EmjPe88 |
🤣 |
Emojipedia |
EmjPe89 |
🤢 |
Emojipedia |
Specific References
- David Rodrigues; Marília Prada; Rui Gaspar; Margarida V. Garrido; Diniz Lopes (2017-03-31): Lisbon Emoji and Emoticon Database (LEED): Norms for emoji and emoticons in seven evaluative dimensions. In: Behavior Research Methods, 2017:1–14. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-017-0878-6
