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<!DOCTYPE html>

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<title>14. 交互式输入行编辑历史回溯 — Python tutorial 3.5.2 documentation</title>

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<a href="index.html" class="fa fa-home"> Python tutorial</a>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html">2. 使用 Python 解释器</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#tut-invoking">2.1. 调用 Python 解释器</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#tut-interp">2.2. 解释器及其环境</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html">3. Python 简介</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html#tut-calculator">3.1. 将 Python 当做计算器</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="introduction.html#tut-firststeps">3.2. 编程的第一步</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="controlflow.html">4. 深入 Python 流程控制</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controlflow.html#range">4.3. range() 函数</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controlflow.html#break-continue-else">4.4. break 和 continue 语句, 以及循环中的 else 子句</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controlflow.html#tut-defining">4.7. 深入 Python 函数定义</a></li>

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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datastructures.html#tut-morelists">5.1. 关于列表更多的内容</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datastructures.html#tut-tuples">5.3. 元组和序列</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datastructures.html#tut-conditions">5.7. 深入条件控制</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datastructures.html#tut-comparing">5.8. 比较序列和其它类型</a></li>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inputoutput.html">7. 输入和输出</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inputoutput.html#tut-formatting">7.1. 格式化输出</a></li>

</ul>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html">8. 错误和异常</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html#tut-userexceptions">8.5. 用户自定义异常</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html#tut-cleanup">8.6. 定义清理行为</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html#tut-cleanup-with">8.7. 预定义清理行为</a></li>

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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="classes.html#python">9.2. Python 作用域和命名空间</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="classes.html#tut-exceptionclasses">9.8. 异常也是类</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="classes.html#tut-genexps">9.11. 生成器表达式</a></li>

</ul>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html">10. Python 标准库概览</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-os-interface">10.1. 操作系统接口</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-file-wildcards">10.2. 文件通配符</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-command-line-arguments">10.3. 命令行参数</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-stderr">10.4. 错误输出重定向和程序终止</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-string-pattern-matching">10.5. 字符串正则匹配</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-internet-access">10.7. 互联网访问</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#tut-dates-and-times">10.8. 日期和时间</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib2.html">11. 标准库浏览 – Part II</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib2.html#tut-binary-formats">11.3. 使用二进制数据记录布局</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib2.html#tut-decimal-fp">11.8. 十进制浮点数算法</a></li>

</ul>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="venv.html">12. 虚拟环境和包</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="venv.html#id4">12.2. 创建虚拟环境</a></li>

</ul>

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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">14. 交互式输入行编辑历史回溯</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#tab">14.1. Tab 补全和历史记录</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#tut-commentary">14.2. 其它交互式解释器</a></li>

</ul>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="floatingpoint.html">15. 浮点数算法：争议和限制</a><ul>

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<li>14. 交互式输入行编辑历史回溯</li>

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<span id="id1"></span><h1>14. 交互式输入行编辑历史回溯<a class="headerlink" href="#tut-interacting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>

<p>某些版本的 Python 解释器支持编辑当前的输入行和历史记录，类似于在 Korn shell 和 GNU Bash shell 中看到的功能。这是使用 <a class="reference external" href="http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html">GNU Readline</a> 库实现的，它支持各种编辑风格。这个库有它自己的文档，在这里我们不就重复了。</p>

<span id="tut-keybindings"></span><h2>14.1. Tab 补全和历史记录<a class="headerlink" href="#tab" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

<p>变量和模块名的补全在解释器启动时 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/site.html#rlcompleter-config">自动打开</a> 以便 <code class="kbd docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tab</span></code> 键调用补全功能；它会查看Python语句的名字，当前局部变量以及可以访问的模块名。对于点分表达式如 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string.a</span></code>，它将求出表达式最后一个 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'.'</span></code> 之前的值，然后根据结果的属性给出补全的建议。注意，如果一个具有 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__getattr__">__getattr__()</a> 方法的对象是表达式的某部分，这可能执行应用程序定义的代码。默认的配置同时会把历史记录保存在你的用户目录下一个名为 <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.python_history</span></code> 的文件中。在下次与交互式解释器的回话中，历史记录将还可以访问。</p>

</div>

<span id="id3"></span><h2>14.2. 其它交互式解释器<a class="headerlink" href="#tut-commentary" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

<p>与早期版本的解释器相比，现在是向前巨大的进步；然而，有些愿望还是没有实现：如果能对连续的行给出正确的建议就更好了（解析器知道下一行是否需要缩进）。补全机制可以使用解释器的符号表。检查（或者只是建议）匹配的括号、引号的命令等也会非常有用。</p>

<p>一个增强的交互式解释器是 <a class="reference external" href="http://ipython.scipy.org/">IPython</a>，它已经存在相当一段时间，具有 tab 补全、对象 exploration 和高级的历史记录功能。它也可以彻底定制并嵌入到其他应用程序中。另一个类似的增强的交互式环境是 <a class="reference external" href="http://www.bpython-interpreter.org/">bpython</a>。</p>

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