Papers by gilberto fillmann
Microplastics are widespread throughout oceans and seas and beaches are no exceptions. On beach s... more Microplastics are widespread throughout oceans and seas and beaches are no exceptions. On beach sediments, microplastics (<5mm) are commonly prevalent over macroplastics (>5mm), where fragments of larger items are sampled in greater amounts. The occurrence and characteristics of microplastics were investigated on beaches of Fernando de Noronha, Abrolhos and Trindade islands located in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Despite no microplastic was identified in Abrolhos at this time, small spatial variations were detected in Fernando de Noronha and Trindade islands, highlighting the importance of oceanographic variables on plastics distribution and accumulation over time.
Distribution in marine fish and EDI estimation of contaminants of emerging concern by vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and HPLC-MS/MS
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Feb 1, 2023
Caracterização hidrológica e estrutural de três regiões distintas no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS
Com os objetivos de conhecer a estrutura de três regiões hidrológicamente distintas na parte estu... more Com os objetivos de conhecer a estrutura de três regiões hidrológicamente distintas na parte estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos e observar a possível formação de um gradiente longitudinal nesta área, foram efetuados onze cruzeiros, desde Janeiro de 1983. A área foi delimitado ao sul pelos molhes da Barra do Rio Grande (estação 3) e ao norte pela proximidade do canal de São Gonçalo (estação 1). Nas três estações foram efetuadas coletas de água em superfície e de terminados os parâmetros: temperatura, salinidade, material em suspensão, nutrientes dissolvidos (nitrito, nitrato, fosfato e silicato) e transparência (disco de Sechi). Dados de ventos, assim como de chuvas, foram usados em um relacionamento com parâmetros hidrológicos. No estudo de gradiente os cruzeiros foram agrupados segundo o período de chuvas (março a outubro) e período mais seco (janeiro, novembro e dezembro). A temperatura não exibiu gradiente, os valores são semelhantes nas três estações para dois períodos, observou-se contudo que as maiores temperaturas (25 0c) ocorrem durante a estiagem (verão). A salinidade mostrou um gradiente bem marcado, com a estação três apresentando os maiores valores médios(20%) devido a sua proximidade com o oceano. Do mesmo modo, a estação 1 apresentou os mais baixos teores (7,5%) por esta área sofrer influência dos desagues da água doce do Canal de São Gonçalos e da Lagoa dos Patos. Os valores máximos e idênticos (32%) nos três locais durante o verão, demonstraram que a penetração de água oceânica se faz sentir até uns 50 km ao norte, dando à área estuarina uma homogeneidade horizontal. Nitritos, nitratos e silicatos apresentam teores médios mais elencados nos perídos chuvosos (0,5; 12,5; 150 uatg/l). Silicato, material em suspensão e fosfatos, durante a estiagem, mostraram gradientes marcados. Este relacionamento entre eles pode ser explicado por uma absorçâo do fosfato dissolvido ao material em suspensão que floculou e precipitou nesta área de dinâmica e salinidade apropriada. Uma análise de repressão linear múltipla detalhou a estrutura de cada região. Nas estações 1 e 2, a salinidade mostrou-se associada inversamente ao material em suspensão e ao fosfato. Já o silicato, diretamente associa-se com o nitrato. Na estação 3, as variações em salinidade relacionam-se inversamente com nitrato e nitrito, e diretamente com transparência, esta última inversamente com material em suspensão. O parâmetro chuva explicou 70% das variações dos sílicatos, apenas neste local. Conclui-se que cada região se comporta distintamente e que, em todas, o aumento de temperatura e salinidade, no verão, esteve relacionado à diminuição dos teores de nutrientes dissolvidos.With the purpose to understand the structure of three hydrologically distinct regions of the estuarine part of the Lagoa dos Patos, eleven cruises were made, from January to December 1983. the area was limited to south by the breakwater of the Rio Grande bar (station 3) and to north by the vicinities of the São Gonçalo Channel (station 1). At each station the following parameters were determined: temperature, salinity, suspended particulate matter, turbidity and nutients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate). Wind and rain data were also collected. In relation to the gradient study the cruises were grouped according to the rainy season (March to October) and to the dry periods (January, November and December). A temperature gradient was not observed; the values are similar at the three stations for both periods; it was observed however that the higher temperatures (25 0C) occur during the summer. For salinity, a well defined gradient was observed. Station 3 ahowed the higher medium values (20%) due to its proximity with the ocean and the possibility of a more frequent inflow of salt water. Similarly, station 1 presented the lowest contends (7,5%) as that area suffers the influence of the fresh water outflow both of the São Gonçalo Channel and Patos Lagoon. The maximum (32%) was observed at all sites in the summer and that the ocean water inflow influences inner areas of the Lagoon, giving the estuarine water an horizontal homogeinity. Nitrites, nitrates and sikicates showed higher values in the rainy periods (0,5; 12,5;150 uatg/l). Silicates, suspended matter and phosphates, during the dry season, showed a marked gradient. A multiple linear regression analysis detailed the structure of each region. in the first and second stations, salinity is inversely related to the suspended matter and the phosphate. Silicate variation is directly related to nitrate. At station 3 salinity was inversely related to suspended matter. Rainfall explained 70& of the variation in silicates, but only for this station. Each station has a different behaviour, and the increase in temperature and salinity in the summer are related to the decrease in dissolved nutrients
Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from the Black Sea
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Feb 1, 2002
The extent of contamination of the Black Sea by selected organochlorine compounds has been assess... more The extent of contamination of the Black Sea by selected organochlorine compounds has been assessed through the analysis of surficial sediments taken from throughout the region. Concentrations of HCHs at sites influenced by the Danube delta are among the highest recorded on a global basis (up to 40 ng g(-1) dry wt). The ratio between the alpha- and gamma-isomers was relatively low indicating contamination through the use of lindane. Concentrations of DDTs (0.06-72 ng g(-1) dry wt) and PCBs (0.06-72 ng g(-1) dry wt) were not especially high in comparison to levels reported from throughout the world. The DDE/DDT ratio was, however, low indicating fresh inputs and hence current usage of DDT within the Black Sea region.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and shellfish from Todos os Santos bay, Brazil
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Dec 1, 2021
The present study evaluated the occurrence of 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sedim... more The present study evaluated the occurrence of 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and shellfish (Anomalocardia flexuosa, Crassostrea rhizophorae, and Mytella guyanensis) of Todos os Santos bay (BTS, Brazil). Total PAHs levels ranged from 89 to 921 ng g-1 dry weight (d.w.) in sediments, and from 66 to 505 ng g-1 d.w. in shellfish, signalizing that BTS was moderately contaminated by PAHs, mostly from pyrogenic activities. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of total PAHs ranged from 0.20 to 2.9 and did not show a clear trend among the studied species. BAFs of high molecular weight compounds were higher for A. flexuosa (specie found buried in fine sediment), while those of low molecular weight compounds were higher for C. rhizophorae (specie found in the roots of mangrove trees). High concentrations of PAHs, especially benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, suggest that contamination compromises shellfish quality and raise concern about seafood consumption safety.
Organotin contamination in seafood from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Is there a potential risk for the health of consumers?
Chemosphere
Different carbon sources affect PCB accumulation by marine bivalves
Marine Environmental Research, 2016
Pampean creeks were evaluated in the present study as potential land-based sources of PCB marine ... more Pampean creeks were evaluated in the present study as potential land-based sources of PCB marine contamination. Different carbon and nitrogen sources from such creeks were analysed as boosters of PCB bioaccumulation by the filter feeder bivalve Brachidontes rodriguezii and grazer limpet Siphonaria lessoni. Carbon of different source than marine and anthropogenic nitrogen assimilated by organisms were estimated through their C and N isotopic composition. PCB concentration in surface sediments and mollusc samples ranged from 2.68 to 6.46 ng g(-1) (wet weight) and from 1074 to 4583 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively, reflecting a punctual source of PCB contamination related to a landfill area. Thus, despite the low flow of creeks, they should not be underestimated as contamination vectors to the marine environment. On the other hand, mussels PCB bioaccumulation was related with the carbon source uptake which highlights the importance to consider this factor when studying PCB distribution in organisms of coastal systems.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Jan 8, 2022
Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the set... more Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released into the aquatic environments also affecting several non-target organisms and, thus, compromising ecosystems. Despite global efforts to investigate the environment occurrence and toxicity of biocides currently used in antifouling paints, the speci c active ingredients that have been used in commercial products are poorly known. Thus, the present study assessed the frequencies of occurrence and relative concentrations of biocides in antifouling paint formulations registered for marketing worldwide. The main data were obtained from databases of governmental agencies, business associations and safety data sheets from paint manufacturers around the world. Results pointed out for 25 active ingredients currently used as biocides, where up to six biocides have been simultaneously used in the examined formulations. Cuprous oxide, copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, zineb, DCOIT and cuprous thiocyanate were the most frequently ones, with mean relative concentrations of 35.9±12.8 %, 2.9±1.6 %, 4.0±5.3 %, 5.4±2.0 %, 1.9±1.9 % and 18.1±8.0 % (w/w) of respective biocide present in the antifouling paint formulations. Surprisingly, antifouling paints containing TBT as active ingredient are still being registered for commercialization nowadays. These results can be applied as a proxy of biocides that are possibly being used by antifouling systems and, consequently, released into the aquatic environment, which can help to prioritize the active ingredients that should be addressed in future studies.
Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of chlorothalonil on the estuarine fish Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Nov 22, 2021
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide widely used in agriculture as well as an active ingredient in antif... more Chlorothalonil is a fungicide widely used in agriculture as well as an active ingredient in antifouling paints. Although it causes toxic effects on non-target organisms and can accumulate in fish tissues, little is known about its sublethal effects. Thus, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of intraperitoneal injected chlorothalonil in Micropogonias furnieri, an estuarine fish of frequent human consumption and a promising test-organism for ecotoxicological assays, were assessed. Chlorothalonil showed to be genotoxic (DNA damage by comet assay) and mutagenic (micronuclei, nuclear buds, apoptotic fragments, and bilobed cells) even at the lowest dose tested (0.35 μg g−1) and in a dose-dependent manner (0.35 and 3.5 μg g−1) for micronuclei, apoptotic fragments, and bilobed cells. As genomic instability may lead to carcinogenesis, the present evidence can assist decision-makers in banning this compound since any benefit toward food production is outweighed by the hazard to aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Mar 1, 2010
Selected POPs were analyzed in blubber samples of Pontoporia blainvillei from Southern Brazil to ... more Selected POPs were analyzed in blubber samples of Pontoporia blainvillei from Southern Brazil to appraise temporal trend over a 10 year period (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004). Overall, levels of POPs were relatively low, especially when compared to Northern Hemisphere concentrations. Apart from Mirex and PCBs, which showed stable concentrations, DDTs, HCB, CHLs, Dieldrin levels presented a slight decrease over the studied period. In addition, the increase in the PCBs/DDTs ratio supports the idea that inputs of DDTs are decaying faster than PCBs.
Toxicity of antifouling biocides on planktonic and benthic neotropical species
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphati... more This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphatic (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments collected along the Patos Lagoon estuary and in sediment cores obtained from the Cassino Beach mud bank. Levels and distribution of n-alkanes indicate terrestrial sources, overlapping with a low amount of petrogenic hydrocarbons (heavy oils). A small unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was observed in all samples. On the other hand, the distribution of PAHs in the sediments showed a predominance of pyrolytic over petrogenic sources. In general, hydrocarbons (HCs) contamination in the Patos Lagoon estuary and its adjacent coastal area can be considered low, except for sites near urban or industrial effluents, where moderate to high levels of contamination were found. Concentrations of HCs were homogeneous throughout the sediment cores, suggesting that mixing processes may have occurred along the layers or that HCs inp...
Distribution of Pahs and Trace Elements In Spartina Densiflora And Associated Sediments from Low to Highly Contaminated South American Estuarine Saltmarshes
SSRN Electronic Journal
Determinação do "LLORAM" para cobre, cádmio, chumbo, cromo e zinco por AAS
A espectrofotometria de absorcao atomica (AAS) e, amplamente, usada para a determinacao de metais... more A espectrofotometria de absorcao atomica (AAS) e, amplamente, usada para a determinacao de metais. Dentre as vantagens que oferece, menciona-se sua facilidade e versatilidade, quando comparada com outras tecnicas instrumentais. Estudou-se o comportamento do Cobre, Cadmio, Chumbo, Cromo e Zinco por AAS, mediante os parâmetros de concentracao e Absorbância. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente usando o sistema "LLORAM". Demonstrou-se que, nas condicoes do experimento, a concentracao otima de determinacao para o Cobre foi de 1,30ppm, para o Cromo 12,78ppm, para o Cadmio 0,36ppm, para o Chumbo 4,96ppm, e para o Zinco de 1,50ppm. O modelo linear apresentou um coeficiente de variacao, entre 2,0 a 4,0%, para os metais estudados. Esta trabalho e suporte para as determinacoes rotineiras destes metais por AAS.
Dredging impacts on the toxicity and development of sediment quality values in a semi-arid region (Ceará state, NE Brazil)
Environmental Research, 2021
Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles an... more Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles and remobilization of contaminants that may trigger toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality in harbor areas of Mucuripe bay, a semi-arid ecosystem located in Ceará state (Brazil), which is subject to dredging activities. A sampling survey was conducted right after dredging operations and data compared to another survey performed prior dredging. Sediments were analyzed for fine particles, organic carbon, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and tributyltin (TBT). Toxicity of whole-sediment and liquid phase exposures were also determined. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn decreased after dredging, which was confirmed by the geoaccumulation index. Levels of TBT dropped while phosphorus, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. Toxic effects persisted, indicating a post-dredging recontamination combined with other sources such as urban runoff, wastewater discharges, harbor activities, and antifouling particles. Data from Mucuripe and Pecém harbors were compiled and site-specific sediment quality values (SQVs) were developed by using multivariate methods. The threshold values proposed by our study were lower and more effective to predict toxicity compared to international guidelines, indicating levels of contamination for this tropical region in which toxic effects may occur. Considering the large geographic area with different sediment characteristics of the Brazilian coast, this study represents a significant contribution to sediment toxicity assessment of dredging activities in semi-arid environments.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016
Imposex incidence, organotin tissue levels, and sex steroid (free and esterified testosterone and... more Imposex incidence, organotin tissue levels, and sex steroid (free and esterified testosterone and estradiol) levels were assessed in Stramonita haemastoma from Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil). The imposex levels showed a reduction when compared to a previous evaluation performed in the same area. In spite of that, the detected imposex incidence indicated the occurrence of tributyltin (TBT) inputs that were still able to produce endocrine disruption in local gastropods. In addition, a high level of organotins was observed in tissues of imposexed females. These females also showed a hormonal imbalance, especially in the total testosterone/total estradiol ratio. These findings obtained under realistic field conditions suggest that the steroid pathway could be responsible by the imposex induction after exposure to TBT. In this case, measurements of sex steroid levels can be an additional evidence for monitoring sites and impose affected gastropod populations.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, Jan 28, 2015
The distribution of butyltins (BTs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in s... more The distribution of butyltins (BTs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in surface sediments to assess how relevant is Mar del Plata port (Argentina) as a source of contamination to the surrounding environments. Within the port, TBT concentrations ranged from 24.2 to 150 ng Sn g(-1) and PAHs (Σ16) from 180 to 17,094 ng g(-1). At the surrounding beaches, PAHs were detected at low concentrations and TBT concentrations reached 10.9 ng Sn g(-1). Although those low levels indicate that the Port might not be an important source of contamination to the surrounding beaches, the very low TOC content and the coarse grain size of the beaches sediments could explain the sedimentary levels. The results show a reduction in TBT levels in Mar del Plata port after national and international use restrictions of TBT-based antifouling paints.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Ecotoxicology, 2010
Atualmente, os ensaios ecotoxicológicos têm sido utilizados como uma importante ferramenta na ava... more Atualmente, os ensaios ecotoxicológicos têm sido utilizados como uma importante ferramenta na avaliação da qualidade ambiental. Com objetivo de destacar o uso de organismos nativos em ensaios crônicos de curta duração, este estudo avaliou o potencial do copépodo Acartia tonsa em ensaios de reprodução. Ensaios semi-estáticos foram realizados expondo organismos adultos às concentrações de 0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 mg.L -1 de sulfato de zinco (ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O). A produção de ovos por fêmea foi quantificada em 48 horas, obtendo a CE 50 de 2,05 mg.L -1 de sulfato de zinco (IC 95% = 1,77 -2,20 mg.L -1 ). Ensaios agudos foram realizados concomitantemente, expondo os organismos as concentrações de 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10; 12,5 e 15 mg.L -1 de ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O. Em comparação aos efeitos agudos, o ensaio crônico obteve CE 50 cerca de 1,9 vezes menor que a concentração letal (CL 50 de 3,80 mg.L -1 ). A resposta de sensibilidade foi cerca de 3 a 4 vezes menor que os demais ensaios reportados na literatura. Desta forma, estudos complementares são necessários para estabelecer as condições ótimas de exposição e verificar a possibilidade de efeitos subletais mais sensíveis. Palavras-chave: Acartia tonsa, ensaio de toxicidade crônica, ecotoxicologia, produção de ovos, sulfato de zinco.
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Papers by gilberto fillmann