@Article{info:doi/10.2196/78204,
author="Dennard, Sophie
and Garety, Philippa
and Edwards, Clementine
and Gumley, Andrew
and Owrid, Oliver
and Miller, Lucy
and Allan, Stephanie
and Duerden, Alison
and Yanga, Francis
and Burns, Chloe
and Fletcher, Helena
and Grant, Amy",
title="Exploration of Factors That Affect Engagement With the Experience Sampling Method and Service Users' Experience of This Within the AVATAR2 Trial: Mixed Methods Study",
journal="JMIR Form Res",
year="2025",
month="Dec",
day="12",
volume="9",
pages="e78204",
keywords="digital assessment; psychosis; qualitative; smartphone app; patient and public involvement; interviews",
abstract="Background: Experience sampling methodology (ESM) is an assessment method used in psychosis research. Symptom severity and gender may be associated with ESM engagement. Exploring qualitative experiences of using ESM among people with psychosis should aid developing more relevant, accessible digital assessments. Objective: This study aimed to examine factors that could affect engagement with ESM, such as associations of completion rates with age, ethnicity, gender, and clinical severity. It also aimed to explore qualitatively service users' experiences of using this data collection method. Methods: Data from 134/207 AVATAR2 trial (ISRCTN55682735) participants were used to evaluate associations between demographic variables, symptom severity, and ESM completion rates. Trial participants were purposively sampled to participate in an interview to discuss their experiences of using ESM or to discuss reasons why they chose not to use it. Results: Multiple regression analyses of 134 participants found that age, gender, ethnicity, and clinical severity were not associated with ESM completion rates (F5,128=0.548; P=.74). A thematic analysis of 17 participant interviews found 3 overarching themes: Factors affecting engagement with ESM, Perceived benefits of ESM, and Suggestions for improvement. These themes described how ESM has multiple benefits for people with psychosis, including increasing knowledge and awareness of mental health. ESM was straightforward and easy to use; however, engaging in other activities, experiencing positive symptoms, little experience using technology, and trial involvement impacted engagement. Participant's decision to use ESM could be influenced by concerns about security and privacy. Conclusions: Recommendations are made on how engagement with ESM can be improved, making it easier to use this method with this population, including providing increased support or training when using digital-based assessment or intervention as well as providing information on how digital data are used and recorded. ",
issn="2561-326X",
doi="10.2196/78204",
url="https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e78204",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/78204"
}