FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\scra

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

Gene: Dmel\scra

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\scra

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

scraps

Annotation Symbol

CG2092

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0261385

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

19 publicly available

Gene Summary

scraps (scra) encodes a homolog of anilin, a conserved pleckstrin homology domain (PLEKH) containing protein that binds actin, nonmuscle myosin II and microtubules. It stabilizes the contractile ring and is required for completion of cytokinesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Also Known As

anillin, Ani, l(2)43Ec

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:7,590,119..7,595,242 [+]

Recombination map

2-57

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:7590119..7595242

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (29 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables actin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Sisson et al., 2000, Field and Alberts, 1995)

enables actin filament binding

inferred from direct assay

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

enables microtubule binding

inferred from direct assay

(Sisson et al., 2000)

enables myosin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Straight et al., 2005)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Synd; FB:FBgn0053094

(Takeda et al., 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (17 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (17 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actomyosin contractile ring assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Field et al., 2005)

involved_in actomyosin contractile ring organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stjepić et al., 2024)

involved_in asymmetric cell division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008)

involved_in cellularization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Thomas and Wieschaus, 2004)

involved_in cytokinesis, division site positioning

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Goldbach et al., 2010)

involved_in intercellular bridge organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Haglund et al., 2010)

involved_in intracellular protein localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Field et al., 2005)

involved_in male germline ring canal formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hime et al., 1996)

involved_in male meiosis cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Goldbach et al., 2010)

involved_in mitotic cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Echard et al., 2004, Rogers et al., 2003, Somma et al., 2002)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Field et al., 2005)

involved_in plasma membrane organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Field et al., 2005)

involved_in pole cell formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Field et al., 2005)

involved_in regulation of cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Straight et al., 2005)

involved_in sensory organ development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008)

involved_in sensory organ precursor cell division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008)

involved_in septin ring organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Goldbach et al., 2010, Field et al., 2005)

involved_in wound healing

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stjepić et al., 2024)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actomyosin contractile ring assembly

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001853010

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in mitotic cytokinesis

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001853010

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in septin ring organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001853010

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in actomyosin contractile ring

inferred from direct assay

(Straight et al., 2005)

located_in cleavage furrow

inferred from direct assay

(Sechi et al., 2020, Sechi et al., 2017, Prokopenko et al., 1999)

located_in contractile ring

inferred from direct assay

(Goldbach et al., 2010, Prokopenko et al., 1999)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

located_in germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Hime et al., 1996)

located_in male germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Goldbach et al., 2010)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

inferred from direct assay

(Hime et al., 1996)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in actomyosin contractile ring

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001853010

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

-

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

scraps (scra) encodes a homolog of anilin, a conserved pleckstrin homology domain (PLEKH) containing protein that binds actin, nonmuscle myosin II and microtubules. It stabilizes the contractile ring and is required for completion of cytokinesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Required for cytokinesis. Essential for the structural integrity of the cleavage furrow and for completion of cleavage furrow ingression and proper formation of the midbody. Required during cellularization of syncytial embryos for the proper formation and function of the furrow canals, the stable inward folds of the plasma membrane which separate the peripheral nuclei. Also required for the formation of the pole cells, the progenitors of the adult germline which are formed by cytokinesis of the cytoplasmic buds at the posterior pole of the syncytial embryo. Essential for embryonic viability.

(UniProt, Q9V4P1)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

scra: scraps (T. Schupbach)

Maternal-effect lethal. Embryos from homozygous females begin to cellularize at the blastoderm stage, but cellularization is often not completed; further development very abnormal; at final differentiation embryos form only fragmented pieces of cuticle.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

encodes anillin - conserved component of the contractile ring that is essential for cytokinesis - physically interacts with three conserved cleavage furrow proteins, F-actin, myosin II and septins - required for cellularization

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

3

Number of Unique Polypeptides

3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\scra for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9V4P1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0088911

4147

1212

FBtr0088912

4311

1239

FBtr0100216

2260

616

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

4.3 (northern blot)

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0087985

132.9

1212

6.06

FBpp0087986

136.0

1239

6.16

FBpp0099586

66.3

616

6.98

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1201 (aa); 190 (kD observed); 132 (kD predicted)

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with and bundles F-actin.

(UniProt, Q9V4P1)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\scra using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

scra_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.21

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 3

epithelial cell

• perinuclear region of cytoplasm

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

• perinuclear region of cytoplasm

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

embryonic stage 4

epithelial cell

• cell junction

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

• cell junction

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

inclusive hindgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | segmentally repeated

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic central brain glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic central brain surface glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval lateral VNC glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | segmentally repeated

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic central brain surface glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

epitope tag

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

disc epithelium proper

• intercellular bridge

(Haglund et al., 2010)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 4

epithelial cell

• cell junction

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

• cell junction

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

embryonic stage 5

furrow canal | restricted

(Monzo et al., 2010, Thomas and Wieschaus, 2004)

disc epithelium proper

• intercellular bridge

(Haglund et al., 2010)

• intercellular bridge

(Haglund et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

female germline cyst

• nucleus & female germline ring canal

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

adult stage | female & oogenesis

female germline cyst

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

female germline stem cell

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

oogenesis stage S1 -- S3 & adult stage | female

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

• cell cortex

Comment: expression assayed in cultured S2 cells; metaphase

(Somma et al., 2002)

• actomyosin contractile ring

Comment: telophase; expression assayed in cultured S2 cells

(Somma et al., 2002)

• cell cortex | restricted

Comment: expression assayed in cultured S2 cells; metaphase

(Somma et al., 2002)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

Additional Descriptive Data

scra protein is localized to the cytoskeleton during syncytial stage embryos. In dividing cells, the protein is localized in the nucleus during interphase. At nuclear breakdown, it becomes cytoplasmic and moves to the actin filaments in the cortex. During anaphase and telophase, it becomes highly enriched in the cleavage furrow along with myosin II. It is also found in metaphase furrows and nascent ring canals where it remains bound to the invaginated cortex. It is not expressed in cells that have left the cell cycle.

(Haglund et al., 2010, Field and Alberts, 1995)

In S2 cells the scraprotein is found in a diffuse cortical pattern during methaphase but concentrates first in a broad equatorial band in anaphase then at the contractile ring throughout telophase.

(Stevens et al., 2009, Somma et al., 2002)

scra protein is localized to the cellularization front, where it is required for microfilament ring formation during cellularization of the embryo.

(Thomas and Wieschaus, 2004)

scra protein expression is detected at all developmental stages with the highest levels in early to mid embryos.

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

Marker for

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in actomyosin contractile ring

inferred from direct assay

(Straight et al., 2005)

located_in cleavage furrow

inferred from direct assay

(Sechi et al., 2020, Sechi et al., 2017, Prokopenko et al., 1999)

located_in contractile ring

inferred from direct assay

(Goldbach et al., 2010, Prokopenko et al., 1999)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

located_in germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Hime et al., 1996)

located_in male germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Goldbach et al., 2010)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

inferred from direct assay

(Hime et al., 1996)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{PZ}scra⁰³⁴²⁷

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

adult brain | restricted

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

adult central complex

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\scra in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\scra

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\scra

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0261385

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35696/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0261385

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004243

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0261385

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2092

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0261385

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 34 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of scra

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of scra

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 50 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 50 )

Gene disrupted in

(Doberstein et al., 1997)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Roote, 1996.8, Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018, Kahsai et al., 2016)

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018, Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Eeken et al., 2001)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Eeken et al., 2001, Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv11

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

Gene not disrupted in

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Eeken et al., 2001, Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Roote, 1996.8, Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

scra^GD9720

lethal (with Df(2R)ED1715)

scra⁸

lethal (with Df(2R)Exel6053)

lethal | egg stage | maternal effect

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with scra⁴)

scra⁷

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with scra⁷)

scra⁴

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

scra^k08255

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scra^GD9720

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

scra^GD9720

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

scra^GD9720

Sterility

Allele

female sterile | recessive

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cytokinesis

scra⁸

abnormal cytokinesis | germline clone | male

scra⁰³⁴²⁷

abnormal cytokinesis | male, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

scra^GD9720

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

scra^GD9720

abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

abnormal wound healing | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

scra^GL01269

decreased cell number | embryonic stage (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

decreased cell number | embryonic stage (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

decreased efficacy of learning | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

decreased rate of larval locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

decreased rate of larval locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

some die during embryonic stage (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

some die during embryonic stage (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

scra^k08255

some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scra^GD9720

some die during pupal stage (with scra⁴)

scra⁷

some die during pupal stage (with scra⁷)

scra⁴

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scra^GD9720

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

actin filament | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect (with scra⁴)

scra⁵

actin filament | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect (with scra⁵)

scra⁴

actomyosin | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

scra^GL01269

actomyosin contractile ring | maternal effect (with scra¹)

scra⁵

actomyosin contractile ring | maternal effect (with scra⁴)

scra⁵

actomyosin contractile ring | maternal effect (with scra⁵)

embryo | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect

embryo | maternal effect

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect

embryonic/larval epidermis

scra⁸

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4^GR1

scra^GD9720

furrow canal & egg | maternal effect

scra⁶

furrow canal & egg | maternal effect (with scra¹)

scra⁵

furrow canal & egg | maternal effect (with scra⁴)

scra⁵

furrow canal & egg | maternal effect (with scra⁵)

furrow canal | maternal effect (with scra⁴)

scra⁵

furrow canal | maternal effect (with scra⁵)

scra⁴

ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

scra^GD9720

imaginal disc | third instar larval stage (with scra⁴)

scra⁷

imaginal disc | third instar larval stage (with scra⁷)

scra⁴

intercellular bridge, with Scer\GAL4^GR1

scra^GD9720

investment cone, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

scra^GD9720

larval abdominal lch5 neuron (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

larval abdominal lch5 neuron (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

larval brain, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

scra^GD9720

larval ventral cluster group multidendritic neuron (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

larval ventral cluster group multidendritic neuron (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scra^GD9720

mitochondrial derivative | germline clone

scra⁰³⁴²⁷

neuron & external sensory organ (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

neuron & external sensory organ (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

plasma membrane | maternal effect

scra³

plasma membrane | maternal effect (with scra¹)

scra⁵

plasma membrane | maternal effect (with scra⁵)

scra¹

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

scra^k08255

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

scra^k08255

primordial germ cell | maternal effect

scra³

scolopale cell (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

scolopale cell (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

scolopale rod (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

scolopale rod (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

scolopidial ligament cell (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

scolopidial ligament cell (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

scolopidium (with scra⁸)

scra^k08255

scolopidium (with scra^k08255)

scra⁸

scra^{RNAi.βTub85D}

spermatid, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

scra^GD9720

spermatid | germline clone

scra⁰³⁴²⁷

synapse | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

scra^HMC03587

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (3)

10 of 14

Yes

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

9 of 14

Yes

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

10 of 14

Yes

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

0

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)

5 of 13

Yes

Yes

Xtro\LOC100491625

5 of 13

Yes

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)

9 of 14

Yes

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-30c15.10

5 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

10 of 14

Yes

Yes

6 of 14

No

Yes

5 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010715

12 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005783

3 of 12

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

1 of 12

Yes

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:scra. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

6 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

ANLN; anillin, actin binding protein

model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates high grade glioma

modeled by Pi3K92E^{UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}, btl::Egfr^λ.UAS

(Chen et al., 2019)

ameliorates high grade glioma

modeled by Pi3K92E^{UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}, btl::Egfr^λ.UAS

(Chen et al., 2019)

ameliorates high grade glioma

modeled by Pi3K92E^{UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}, btl::Egfr^λ.UAS

(Chen et al., 2019)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ANLN; anillin, actin binding protein

10 of 14

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS 8; FSGS8

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

pull down, autoradiography

(Stjepić et al., 2024)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

pull down, autoradiography

(Stjepić et al., 2024)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

pull down, anti tag western blot, autoradiography

(Stjepić et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2012)

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008, Silverman-Gavrila et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, autoradiography

(Takeda et al., 2013)

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Haglund et al., 2010)

(Chen et al., 2023)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Carim and Hickson, 2023, Liu et al., 2012, D'Avino et al., 2008, Silverman-Gavrila et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

pull down, western blot

(El-Amine et al., 2019)

pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, two hybrid

(Jones et al., 2010, D'Avino et al., 2008, Gregory et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Goldbach et al., 2010)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Pi3K92E|btl::Egfr

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2019)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with and bundles F-actin.

(UniProt, Q9V4P1 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61572

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0261385

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35696

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

2R

Recombination map

2-57

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:7,590,119..7,595,242 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

43E3-43E3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG1600^EP398 and P{PZ}scra⁰³⁴²⁷&P{EP}EP2179

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

43D-43E

(Field, 1995.7.20)

43E1-43E5

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

43D-43E

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Field and Alberts, 1995, Field and Alberts, 1994)

43E1-43E5

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-57

(FlyBase, 2016, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)

2-56.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-

(Field, 1995.7.20)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (19)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

51348

w^*; P{UASp-GFP-scra}3

52220

w^*; P{UASp-mRFP-scra}2

51349

w^*; P{UASp-GFP-scra}2/CyO

51347

w^*; wg^Sp-1/CyO; P{UASp-GFP-3A-scra}3

11331

P{PZ}scra⁰³⁴²⁷, cn¹/CyO; ry⁵⁰⁶

4403

y¹ w^67c23; P{lacW}scra^k08255/CyO

F001276

M{UAS-scra.ORF}ZH-86Fb

F001728

M{UAS-scra.ORF.3xHA}ZH-86Fb

2092R-2

v104674

P{KK107556}VIE-260B

v33465

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9720}v33465

v33466

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9720}v33466/CyO

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (19)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (153)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0261385

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0261385

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(El-Amine et al., 2019, Giansanti et al., 2015, Goldbach et al., 2010, Haglund et al., 2010, Thomas and Wieschaus, 2004, Field and Alberts, 1995)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : A scra- FBto0000118:mCherry S2 cell line was used.
(Bai et al., 2020)
New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : S2 cell lines coexpresing scra-GFP and wild type or kinase-dead versions of sti were generated.
(El Amine et al., 2013)
New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : Stable S2 cell lines expressing scra-GFP were generated.
(Hickson and O'Farrell, 2008)

Other Comments

scra is required for the unequal cell divisions of the pIIb and pIIIb neuronal precursor cells, but not for the equal cell divisions of the lineage related precursor cells, during peripheral nervous system development in the embryo.

(O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008)

Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads.

(Shigenobu et al., 2006)

dsRNA has made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene and transfected into Kc167 cells. More than 50% of these cells become multinucleate, suggesting a defect in cytokinesis.

(Straight et al., 2005)

scra is required for the terminal (post-furrowing) events of cytokinesis; scra RNAi causes gradual disruption of the intercellular bridge after furrowing.

(Echard et al., 2004)

dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells.

(Echard et al., 2004)

scra plays a role in the cytoskeletal dynamics that occur during cellularization of the blastoderm.

(Thomas and Wieschaus, 2004)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R⁺ cells: binucleate cells.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

(Rogers et al., 2003)

During prophase, in nuf-derived embryos, scra and pnut localise to regions of the furrows lacking actin.

(Rothwell et al., 1998)

scra has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed.

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

Mutants exhibit an increase in neuronal cell size, it is possible l(2)k08255 plays a role in cell division.

(Kania et al., 1995)

Mutations in scra result in a maternal effect phenotype with defects during cellularisation of the blastoderm.

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: scra Ani

(Spradling et al., 1999)

Source for merge of: scra l(2)k08255

(O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: scra CG2092

(Gabrielian, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "Anillin" (from the Spanish "anillo", for ring) based on the ring-shaped distribution of the protein in dividing cells.

(Field and Alberts, 1995)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (19)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ABP8

(Field and Alberts, 1993)

Abp8

Anil

(Fabian et al., 2010)

Anillin

(Frappaolo et al., 2025, Gonçalves et al., 2025, Eikenes et al., 2015, Giansanti et al., 2012, Gregory et al., 2008)

CG2092

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Trivedi et al., 2020, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Fukuoh et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Haglund et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Rogers et al., 2003, Ramet et al., 2002, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

Scra

(Roach et al., 2025, Khalili et al., 2023, Butsch et al., 2022, López-Gay et al., 2020, Fu et al., 2017, Gwack et al., 2007)

ani

(Huynh et al., 2025, Chen et al., 2023, Hirashima et al., 2018, Pinheiro et al., 2017, Wainman et al., 2012, Somma et al., 2008, Somma et al., 2002, Somma et al., 2001)

anil

(Goldbach et al., 2010)

anillin

(Giansanti et al., 2015, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Giansanti et al., 2012, White-Cooper, 2012, Monzo et al., 2010, Gatt et al., 2005, Jin et al., 2005, Eggert et al., 2004, Inoue et al., 2004)

l(2)03427

l(2)43Ec

(Roote, 1995.9.26)

l(2)k08255

Name Synonyms

Actin-binding protein 8

Anillin

(Huynh et al., 2025, Matsuura et al., 2024, Stjepić et al., 2024, Carim and Hickson, 2023, Frappaolo et al., 2022, Lin et al., 2022, Tavares et al., 2021, Carim et al., 2020, Greig and Bulgakova, 2020, Sechi et al., 2020, Kong et al., 2019, Silver et al., 2019, Schmidt and Grosshans, 2018, Menon and Gaestel, 2015, Rikhy et al., 2015, Eikenes et al., 2013, Lee and Harris, 2013, Morais-de-Sá and Sunkel, 2013, Takeda et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Belloni et al., 2012, Giansanti and Fuller, 2012, Neumüller et al., 2012, Castoreno et al., 2010, Jones et al., 2010, Montembault et al., 2010, Guerin and Kramer, 2009, Pek et al., 2009, Sheng et al., 2009, Webb et al., 2009, Airoldi and Cooley, 2008, Cao et al., 2008, D'Avino et al., 2008, Gregory et al., 2008, Hickson and O'Farrell, 2008, Airoldi and Cooley, 2007, Marques et al., 2007, Nurminsky, 2007, Ohlstein and Spradling, 2007, Prokopenko and Chia, 2007, Airoldi and Cooley, 2006, Deshpande et al., 2006, Pearson et al., 2006, Airoldi and Cooley, 2005, Papoulas et al., 2005, Straight et al., 2005, Zavortink et al., 2005, Kai and Spradling, 2004, Royou et al., 2004, Mathe et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003, Shih et al., 2002, Huynh et al., 2001, Parry and O'Farrell, 2001, Tepass et al., 2001, Theurkauf et al., 2001, Tulina and Matunis, 2001, Gonzalez and Bornens, 2000, Sisson et al., 2000, Sisson et al., 2000, Sisson et al., 2000, Tran et al., 2000, Field et al., 1997)

Scraps

(Koehler and Huber, 2023, D'Avino et al., 2008, Prokopenko and Chia, 2008, Prokopenko and Chia, 2007, Rogers et al., 2003)

anillin

(Chen et al., 2023, Price et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2019, Sun et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2018, Akbari et al., 2014, Kitazawa et al., 2014, Eikenes et al., 2013, El Amine et al., 2013, Guillot and Lecuit, 2013, Su et al., 2013, Kitazawa et al., 2012, Wainman et al., 2012, Ben El Kadhi et al., 2011, Bergner et al., 2010, Cabernard et al., 2010, Fabian et al., 2010, Goldbach et al., 2010, Haglund et al., 2010, Ong and Tan, 2010, Ong et al., 2010, Cheng et al., 2008, Gao et al., 2008, Giansanti et al., 2008, Silverman-Gavrila et al., 2008, Sokac and Wieschaus, 2008, Somma et al., 2008, Giansanti et al., 2007, Lecuyer et al., 2007, D'Avino et al., 2006, Gatt and Glover, 2006, Goldbach et al., 2006, D'Avino et al., 2005, Prigent et al., 2005, Echard et al., 2004, Giansanti et al., 2004, Lecuit, 2004, Naim et al., 2004, Thomas and Wieschaus, 2004, Bucciarelli et al., 2003, Farkas et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003, Somers and Saint, 2003, Bucciarelli et al., 2002, Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2002, Bolivar et al., 2001, Deng and Lin, 2001, Giansanti et al., 2001, Adam et al., 2000, Afshar et al., 2000, Brill et al., 2000, Robinson and Spudich, 2000, Farkas et al., 1999, Field et al., 1999, Guild et al., 1999, Kramerova and Kramerov, 1999, Pines, 1999, Brill et al., 1998, Giansanti et al., 1998, Rothwell et al., 1997, Field, 1995.7.20, Field and Alberts, 1995)

annilin

(van der Flier and Sonnenberg, 2001)

lethal (2) k08255

scraps

(Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Debruhl et al., 2013, Lesch and Page, 2012, Guerin and Kramer, 2009, Webb et al., 2009, Hoopfer et al., 2008, O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008, Marques et al., 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0004243
FBgn0003340
FBgn0004134
FBgn0010540
FBgn0011558
FBgn0015994

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 58 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35696

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9V4P1

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9V4P1

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8T0J3

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9V4P1

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0261385

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35696/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0261385

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0261385

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG2092

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

35696

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61572

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0261385

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0261385

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0261385

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

scra_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004243

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0261385

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2092

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0261385

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0261385

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC015937

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35696

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (321)