FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Ctr1B
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ctr1B
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Copper transporter 1B
Annotation Symbol
CG7459
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0062412
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Copper transporter 1B (Ctr1B) encodes a protein that ensures copper uptake in the intestine. Ctr1B transcription is upregulated under conditions of copper depletion via the metal-responsive transcription factor encoded by MTF-1. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
84F11-84F11
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:8317612..8319205
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Southon et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007274
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004363803
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in copper ion transport
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Steiger et al., 2010)
involved_in intracellular copper ion homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Norgate et al., 2010)
involved_in response to metal ion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Selvaraj et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in copper ion import
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008340544
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in copper ion transmembrane transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007274
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004363803
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007274
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004363803
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Copper transporter 1B (Ctr1B) encodes a protein that ensures copper uptake in the intestine. Ctr1B transcription is upregulated under conditions of copper depletion via the metal-responsive transcription factor encoded by MTF-1. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SLC31 FAMILY OF COPPER TRANSPORTERS -
Solute carrier family 31 (SLC31) members are high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporters. (Adapted from FBrf0167752).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ctr1B for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VHS6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ctr1B-RA
FBtr0081835
NM_141533
953
174
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ctr1B-PA
FBpp0081325
19.8
174
7.34
Q9VHS6
NP_649790
AAF54223
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ctr1B using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.27

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic midgut chamber
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ctr1B in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ctr1B
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ctr1B
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 5 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)159
(Cheng et al., 2011)
Df(3R)Exel6147
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(3R)p40
(Zhou et al., 2003)
Df(3R)Poxm85A
(Cheng et al., 2011)
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(3R)Coq21D
(Cheng et al., 2011)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
lethal | conditional (with Df(3R)p40)
lethal | conditional | recessive
partially lethal - majority die | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
partially lethal - majority die | male, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable | female, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
Sterility
Allele
male fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color | conditional
chemical sensitive
chemical sensitive, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP
chemical sensitive | female, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
visible, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa
visible | conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle | conditional
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa
eye | chemical conditional
eye | conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
wing, with Scer\GAL4CCAP.PP
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\SLC31A2
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SLC31A1
5 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Slc31a2
6 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Slc31a1
5 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Slc31a2
6 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Slc31a1
4 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\slc31a2
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\lrrcc1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\slc31a1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\slc31a1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\slc31a2
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)
Cele\F31E8.4
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\F58G6.3
7 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F27C1.2
6 of 14
No
No
Cele\K12C11.6
6 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y58A7A.1
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\F58G6.9
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\K12C11.3
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\K12C11.7
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F01G12.1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F58G6.7
3 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002109
5 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000100
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010937
4 of 12
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
Atha\COPT5
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\COPT1
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\COPT2
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\COPT3
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\COPT6
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\COPT4
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G20670
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\emb1513
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\CTR2
4 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\CTR3
3 of 13
No
No
Scer\CTR1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\ctr6
5 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\ctr4
4 of 12
No
No
Spom\ctr5
4 of 12
No
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ctr1B. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
Ctr1C
10 of 13
Ctr1A
9 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Ctr1BUAS.Tag:FLAG
model of  Wilson disease
CEA
(Hwang et al., 2014)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Ctr1BNIG.7459R
ameliorates  Alzheimer's disease
modeled by Hsap\APPAβ42.UAS.Tag:SS(rPENK)
(Lang et al., 2013)
ameliorates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTQ93.ex1.UAS
(Xiao et al., 2013)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SLC31A2; solute carrier family 31 member 2
6 of 14
603088
      SLC31A1; solute carrier family 31 member 1
      5 of 14
      SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 31 (COPPER TRANSPORTER), MEMBER 1; SLC31A1
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Ctr1B
        suppressible
        ATP7
        (Binks et al., 2010)
        Ctr1B
        enhanceable
        Ctr1A
        (Binks et al., 2010)
        Ctr1B
        suppressible
        Ctr1C
        (Steiger et al., 2010)
        Ctr1B
        suppressible
        MTF-1
        (Egli et al., 2006)
        Ctr1B
        suppressible
        MtnA
        (Egli et al., 2006)
        Ctr1B
        suppressible
        MtnB
        (Egli et al., 2006)
        Ctr1B
        suppressible
        park
        (Saini et al., 2010)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        ATP7
        suppressible
        Ctr1B
        (Binks et al., 2010)
        Ctr1A
        suppressible
        Ctr1B
        (Binks et al., 2010, Hua et al., 2010)
        Ctr1A
        enhanceable
        Ctr1B
        (Binks et al., 2010)
        Grx1
        enhanceable
        Ctr1B
        (Mercer and Burke, 2016)
        MTF-1
        suppressible
        Ctr1B
        (Günther et al., 2012, Selvaraj et al., 2005)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-48
        Cytogenetic map
        84F11-84F11
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        84F11-84F11
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP833 and P{lacW}l(3)L4740L4740
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-48

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-44.9

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (7)
        Genomic Clones (13)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (104)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Metal Response Elements (MREs), upstream of Ctr1B are critical for the up-regulation of Ctr1B transcription under copper-limiting conditions.

            (Selvaraj et al., 2005)

            Regulation of Ctr1B upon copper starvation is lost in the absence of MTF-1.

            (Selvaraj et al., 2005)

            dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene used to investigate the role of this gene in copper homoeostasis in S2 cells.

            (Southon et al., 2004)

            S2 cells treated with Ctr1B dsRNA show significantly reduced copper uptake from the culture medium.

            (Southon et al., 2004)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: Ctr1B CG7459

            (Zhou et al., 2003)
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 29 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (80)