FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Graf

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Graf

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

GTPase regulator associated with FAK

Annotation Symbol

CG8948

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0030685

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

16 publicly available

Gene Summary

GTPase-activating protein for Rho family proteins (PubMed:33835025). Essential component of the CLIC (clathrin-independent carrier)/GEEC (GPI-anchored protein-enriched early endocytic compartment) endocytic pathway (PubMed:28993397). During hematopoiesis, inhibits Egfr-ras-MAPK signaling by promoting Spi-induced Egfr internalization through CLIC/GEEC endocytosis, thereby preventing plasmatocyte overproliferation (PubMed:28993397). Essential for normal mushroom body (MB) development and consequently the formation of olfactory long-term memories (PubMed:33892766). During MD development, required to stop the MB beta-lobe from crossing the brain midline, possibly acting via its role in the CLIC/GEEC endocytic pathway to down-regulate the Egfr-ras-MAPK signaling at the tip of the beta-lobes (PubMed:33892766). Required during embryo cellularization for maintaining and regulating the rate of actomyosin ring constriction (PubMed:33835025). During cellularization, inhibits Rho-GTP levels at the furrow canal tip in a spatiotemporal manner, thus delaying the onset of actomyosin contraction and ensuring appropriate closure of the cells at the base of nuclei after membrane extension (PubMed:33835025). (UniProt, X2JDY8)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

13E14-13E14

Sequence location

X:15,751,674..15,760,733 [-]

Recombination map

1-51

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:15751674..15760733

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables GTPase activator activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P04412

(Kim et al., 2017)

enables ubiquitin-modified protein reader activity

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 2017)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables GTPase activator activity

inferred from sequence model

(FlyBase Curators, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR047234

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000970284

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables phospholipid binding

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9UNA1

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cleavage furrow formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

involved_in negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kim et al., 2017)

involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kim et al., 2017)

involved_in regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

involved_in syncytial embryo cellularization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in Rho protein signal transduction

inferred from sequence model

(FlyBase Curators, 2011-)

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000198

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in actomyosin contractile ring actin filament

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

located_in cellularization cleavage furrow invagination front

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

located_in cytoplasmic vesicle

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 2017)

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004148

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

RHO GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEINS

Pathway (FlyBase)

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF EGFR SIGNALING PATHWAY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

RHO GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEINS -: RhoGAPs are GTPase activating proteins for Rho family GTPases. (Adapted from PMID:15731001 and FBrf0158741).

Pathway (FlyBase)

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF EGFR SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Negative regulators of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signaling down-regulate the pathway, suppressing the activation of ERK kinase (rl) or acting on downstream effectors.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, X2JDY8)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Graf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry X2JDY8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Graf-RA

FBtr0074194

NM_132842

4077

1016

Graf-RD

FBtr0074197

NM_206720

4362

1016

Graf-RE

FBtr0074198

NM_206719

4304

1016

Graf-RG

FBtr0340305

NM_206718

4389

1025

Graf-RH

FBtr0340306

NM_001298367

4104

1025

Graf-RI

FBtr0340307

NM_206721

4331

1025

Graf-RJ

FBtr0345133

NM_206722

3987

1016

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Graf-PA

FBpp0073979

114.7

1016

8.26

FBpp0089212

114.7

1016

8.26

FBpp0089213

114.7

1016

8.26

FBpp0309266

115.7

1025

8.17

FBpp0309267

115.7

1025

8.17

FBpp0309268

115.7

1025

8.17

FBpp0311354

114.7

1016

8.26

Q9VXQ2

NP_996445

AAS65342

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1016 aa isoforms: Graf-PA, Graf-PD, Graf-PE, Graf-PJ

1025 aa isoforms: Graf-PG, Graf-PH, Graf-PI

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Egfr (when ubiquitinated).

(UniProt, X2JDY8)

Domain

The Rho-GAP domain is necessary for inhibiting contractile ring constriction during cellularization.

(UniProt, X2JDY8)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

X2JDY8

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Graf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Graf_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.87

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

prepupal stage P3

leg joint of tarsal segment

Comment: elevated level

(Greenberg and Hatini, 2011)

primary tracheal branch

Comment: elevated level

(Greenberg and Hatini, 2011)

leg | ubiquitous

(Greenberg and Hatini, 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression in stage P3 pupal leg discs is ubiquitous but is elevated in the tarsal joints and the primary tracheal tube.

(Greenberg and Hatini, 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male

spermatozoon

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in actomyosin contractile ring actin filament

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

located_in cellularization cleavage furrow invagination front

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

located_in cytoplasmic vesicle

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 2017)

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Graf in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Graf

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Graf

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32522/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0030685

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0030685

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0030685

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8948

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0030685

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Graf

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Graf

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)Exel6250

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 13 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Graf^KK102763

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Graf^GD14077

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Graf^GD14077

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Graf^GD14077

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Graf^GD14077

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Graf^EY09461

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage

Graf¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c739

Graf^HMC03427

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone

Graf¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

decreased efficacy of long-term memory | adult stage

Graf¹

increased cell number | third instar larval stage

Graf¹

increased cell number | third instar larval stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

increased mortality during development | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Graf^HMC03427

increased occurrence of cell division | second instar larval stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

increased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

Graf^CR57

majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Graf^HMC03427

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

actomyosin contractile ring | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect

Graf^CR57

actomyosin contractile ring | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

actomyosin contractile ring | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect, with Spyo\Cas9^nanos.PR

Graf^TKO.GS00762

adult mushroom body beta-lobe

Graf¹

adult mushroom body beta-lobe, with Scer\GAL4^c739

Graf^HMC03427

adult mushroom body beta-lobe (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

adult mushroom body beta-lobe | pupal stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

adult mushroom body beta-lobe | somatic clone

Graf¹

axon | adult stage

Graf¹

axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c739

Graf^HMC03427

axon | adult stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

axon | adult stage | somatic clone

Graf¹

axon | pupal stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | increased number | third instar larval stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

furrow canal

Graf^CR57

hemocyte | increased number | third instar larval stage

Graf¹

hemocyte | increased number | third instar larval stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

midline | adult stage

Graf¹

midline | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c739

Graf^HMC03427

midline | adult stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

midline | adult stage | somatic clone

Graf¹

midline | pupal stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

nucleus | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect

Graf^CR57

nucleus | embryonic stage 5 | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Graf^KK102763

primary lobe of embryonic/larval lymph gland | third instar larval stage (with Df(1)BSC756)

Graf¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (78)

Hsap\ARHGAP10

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ARHGAP26

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ARHGAP42

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\OPHN1

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (41)

Rnor\Arhgap10

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Arhgap26

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Ophn1

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Arhgap42

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (40)

Mmus\Arhgap26

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Arhgap10

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Arhgap42

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Ophn1

10 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (44)

Xtro\arhgap26

11 of 13

Yes

Xtro\arhgap10

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\ophn1

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\arhgap42

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\st6galnac2

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\arhgap5

1 of 13

Xtro\arhgap11a.1

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\arhgap11a.2

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\syde2

1 of 13

Xtro\tagap

1 of 13

Xtro\XB5826631

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (55)

Drer\arhgap10

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\arhgap42a

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC569534

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\ophn1

10 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\arhgap23a

1 of 14

Drer\arhgap23b

1 of 14

Drer\arhgap24

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-247j9.1

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (19)

Cele\T04C9.1

13 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\pac-1

1 of 14

Cele\rga-1

1 of 14

Cele\rga-3

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\rga-4

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (19)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP013143

12 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (9)

Atha\AGD1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AGD2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AGD4

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G12150

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G19390

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G22400

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G61530

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\REN1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SFC

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\BEM2

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\RGA1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\RGA2

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)

Spom\cnt5

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\rga1

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC19A8.02

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Graf. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (19)

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

tum

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Billuart type

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Graf¹

model of Billuart-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder

CEA

(Kim et al., 2021)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

ARHGAP26; Rho GTPase activating protein 26

model of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

OPHN1; oligophrenin 1

model of Billuart-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Graf¹

model of Billuart-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder

is ameliorated by Egfr^f24

(Kim et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Hsap\OPHN1^UAS.Tag:HA

(Kim et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by rl¹⁰

(Kim et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by rl¹

(Kim et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ARHGAP10; Rho GTPase activating protein 10

13 of 14

609746

ARHGAP26; Rho GTPase activating protein 26

13 of 14

605370

JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; JMML

juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

ARHGAP42; Rho GTPase activating protein 42

12 of 14

615936

OPHN1; oligophrenin 1

12 of 14

OLIGOPHRENIN 1; OPHN1

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, BILLUART TYPE; MRXSBL

Billuart-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

Graf

Hsap\OPHN1

(Kim et al., 2021)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Graf - CG11700

pull down, western blot

(Kim et al., 2017)

Graf - Egfr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Kim et al., 2017)

Graf - Ubi-p5E

pull down, western blot

(Kim et al., 2017)

Graf - Ubi-p63E

pull down, western blot

(Kim et al., 2017)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Graf

suppressible

Egfr

(Kim et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Kim et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

Graf

suppressible

(Kim et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2017)

Graf

suppressible

Rok

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

Graf

suppressible

spi

(Kim et al., 2017)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

RhoGEF2

suppressible

Graf

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

Rok

suppressible

Graf

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021)

trc

enhanceable

Graf

(He et al., 2005)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Egfr (when ubiquitinated).

(UniProt, X2JDY8 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58871

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0030685

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32522

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF EGFR SIGNALING PATHWAY

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q86NY4

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-51

Cytogenetic map

13E14-13E14

Sequence location

X:15,751,674..15,760,733 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

13E14-13E14

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1489 and P{EP}BEST:RE35685^EP1581&P{EP}sd^EP1088

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-51

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-51.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (16)

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (43)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD28528

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0030685

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0030685

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Sharma and Rikhy, 2021, Kim et al., 2017)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders.

(Inlow and Restifo, 2004)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Named "Graf" after the human ortholog.

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG8948

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Kim et al., 2017, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Meadows, 2014.12.12, Christis and Munro, 2012, Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ni et al., 2008, Bernards, 2003)

D-Graf

(Billuart et al., 2001)

Graf

(Ding et al., 2022, Ecovoiu et al., 2022, Papagiannouli, 2022, Yoong et al., 2020, Kim et al., 2019, Segal et al., 2018, Kim et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Kwon et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Bakal et al., 2007, Bakal et al., 2007, He et al., 2005)

Graf1

(Jin et al., 2025)

Q9VXQ2_DROME

(Fukuyama et al., 2012)

graf

(di Pietro et al., 2023)

Name Synonyms

GRAF ortholog

GTPase regulator associated with FAK

GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase ortholog

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 76 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

32522

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

X2JDY8

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

X2JDY8

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

X2JDY8

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32522/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0030685

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0030685

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0030685

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG8948

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

32522

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58871

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0030685

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0030685

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0030685

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Graf_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0030685

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0030685

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8948

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0030685

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0030685

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32522

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q86NY4

References (63)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.87

Report Sections