FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Su(Tpl)
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Su(Tpl)
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Suppressor of Triplolethal
Annotation Symbol
CG32217
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0014037
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
26 publicly available
Gene Summary
Su(Tpl) (Su(Tpl)) encodes a transcription elongation factor that enhances the catalytic rate of RNA Polymerase II by suppressing its transient pausing. It interacts with the product of lilli in the super elongation complex and the product of Ice1 in the little elongation complex. It regulates Notch and Ras signaling pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dELL, ELL, SR3-4A, l(3)76BDs, SY3-1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
76D3-76D4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-46
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:19889120..19909410
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chromatin binding
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2011)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q7JRJ1
(Smith et al., 2008)
enables RNA polymerase binding
inferred from direct assay
(Gerber et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001151025
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to heat
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Smith et al., 2008)
involved_in neuronal stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Liu et al., 2017)
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Smith et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Gerber et al., 2001)
involved_in snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hu et al., 2013)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Smith et al., 2011)
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Bx; FB:FBgn0265598,FLYBASE:ap; FB:FBgn0267978
(Bejarano et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001151025
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001151025
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019464
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2008)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hu et al., 2013)
located_in nucleolus
inferred from direct assay
(Gerber et al., 2001)
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in polytene chromosome puff
inferred from direct assay
(Gerber et al., 2001)
part_of transcription elongation factor complex
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of transcription elongation factor complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019464
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001151025
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ELL/occludin family. (Q9VW51)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Su(Tpl) (Su(Tpl)) encodes a transcription elongation factor that enhances the catalytic rate of RNA Polymerase II by suppressing its transient pausing. It interacts with the product of lilli in the super elongation complex and the product of Ice1 in the little elongation complex. It regulates Notch and Ras signaling pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SUPER ELONGATION COMPLEX -
The super elongation complex (SEC) is one of the most active forms of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb)-containing complexes that acts as a positive regulator of the release of RNA polymerase II from promoter-proximal pausing. (Adapted from FBrf0235091, FBrf0217100, PMID:27223670 and PMID:22895430).
LITTLE ELONGATION COMPLEX -
The little elongation complex (LEC) is a distinct eleven_nineteen lysine_rich leukemia family RNAPII elongation factors (ELL)-containing complex that shares some structural and functional properties with super elongation complexes (SECs). This complex is required for the expression of RNA polymerase II-transcribed small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. (Adapted from FBrf0222548, FBrf0217100 and PMID:22895430).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Elongation factor component of the super elongation complex (SEC), a complex required to increase the catalytic rate of RNA polymerase II transcription by suppressing transient pausing by the polymerase at multiple sites along the DNA (PubMed:11689450). Elongation factor component of the little elongation complex (LEC), a complex required to regulate small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene transcription by RNA polymerase II and III (PubMed:22195968, PubMed:23932780).
(UniProt, Q9VW51)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Su(Tpl) for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VW51)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Su(Tpl)-RA
FBtr0074920
NM_140898
4292
1059
Su(Tpl)-RB
FBtr0302047
NM_001170006
6572
1059
Su(Tpl)-RC
FBtr0344257
NM_001300193
6621
1059
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Su(Tpl)-PA
FBpp0074689
114.9
1059
9.71
Q9VW51
NP_649155
AAF49098
Su(Tpl)-PB
FBpp0291257
114.9
1059
9.71
Q9VW51
NP_001163477
ACZ94748
Su(Tpl)-PC
FBpp0310656
114.9
1059
9.71
Q9VW51
NP_001287122
AHN58147
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1059 aa isoforms: Su(Tpl)-PA, Su(Tpl)-PB, Su(Tpl)-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the super elongation complex (SEC), at least composed of Ell, Cdk9, cyclin-T (CycT), lilli and ear. Component of the little elongation complex, at least composed of Ell, Eaf, Ice1 and Ice2. Associates with RNA polymerase II.

(UniProt, Q9VW51)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Su(Tpl) using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.15

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
type II neuroblast
(Liu et al., 2017)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2008)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hu et al., 2013)
located_in nucleolus
inferred from direct assay
(Gerber et al., 2001)
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in polytene chromosome puff
inferred from direct assay
(Gerber et al., 2001)
part_of transcription elongation factor complex
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2011)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: PBac{566.P.SVS-1}Su(Tpl)CPTI100008
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult optic lobe

Comment: optic lobe (photoreceptors?)

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}Su(Tpl)CPTI000232
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}Su(Tpl)CPTI000783
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}Su(Tpl)CPTI001018
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}Su(Tpl)CPTI001029
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Su(Tpl) in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 38 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Su(Tpl)
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Su(Tpl)
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 32 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)10)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)17)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)s1)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
partially lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
decreased cell number | blastoderm stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
decreased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
some die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)10)
some die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)17)
some die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)s1)
some die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
some die during embryonic stage (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
embryo | blastoderm stage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic abdominal segment 1 (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic abdominal segment 1 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 1 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic abdominal segment 1 (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
embryonic abdominal segment 2 (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic abdominal segment 2 (with Su(Tpl)17)
embryonic abdominal segment 2 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 2 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic abdominal segment 2 (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
embryonic abdominal segment 3 (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic abdominal segment 3 (with Su(Tpl)17)
embryonic abdominal segment 3 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 3 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic abdominal segment 4 (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic abdominal segment 4 (with Su(Tpl)17)
embryonic abdominal segment 4 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 4 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic abdominal segment 4 (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
embryonic abdominal segment 5 (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic abdominal segment 5 (with Su(Tpl)17)
embryonic abdominal segment 5 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 5 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic abdominal segment 5 (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
embryonic abdominal segment 6 (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic abdominal segment 6 (with Su(Tpl)17)
embryonic abdominal segment 6 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 6 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic abdominal segment 6 (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
embryonic abdominal segment 8 (with Su(Tpl)s1)
embryonic abdominal segment 8 (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic head (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic head (with Su(Tpl)17)
embryonic head (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic mesothoracic segment (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic mesothoracic segment (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
embryonic metathoracic segment (with Su(Tpl)10)
embryonic metathoracic segment (with Su(Tpl)S-192)
embryonic metathoracic segment (with Su(Tpl)XS-706)
eye | somatic clone
eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
macrochaeta | somatic clone
pigment cell | somatic clone
tormogen cell | somatic clone
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ase.neuro
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
Hsap\ELL
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\ELL2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ELL3
6 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\MARVELD2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\OCEL1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\OCLN
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ISYNA1
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)
Rnor\Ell
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ell2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC689396
9 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ell3
6 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Marveld2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ocel1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ocln
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Isyna1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Mmus\Ell
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ell2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Marveld2
5 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Ell3
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Ocel1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Ocln
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Isyna1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
Xtro\ell3
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ell
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ell2
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\hook2
6 of 13
No
No
Xtro\marveld2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\kif20a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\maneal
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\MGC89056
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ocel1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
Drer\ell
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\ell2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC565819
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\marveld2b
6 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\marveld2a
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:dkey-208k22.6
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\oclna
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\oclnb
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-61d6.3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:154006
2 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\ell-1
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\inos-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004795
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\MIPS1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\MIPS2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\MIPS3
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\INO1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\ell1
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Su(Tpl). Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Inos
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ELL; elongation factor for RNA polymerase II
    10 of 14
    600284
         
        ELL2; elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2
        9 of 14
        601874
            ELL3; elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 3
            6 of 14
            609885
                MARVELD2; MARVEL domain containing 2
                4 of 14
                610572
                OCEL1; occludin/ELL domain containing 1
                3 of 14
                    Functional Complementation Data
                    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                    Interactions
                    Summary of Physical Interactions
                    Summary of Genetic Interactions
                    Interaction Browsers
                    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    Su(Tpl)|lilli
                    suppressible
                    Cdk9
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Su(Tpl)|lilli
                    suppressible
                    Delta
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Su(Tpl)|lilli
                    enhanceable
                    E(spl)mγ-HLH
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Su(Tpl)|lilli
                    suppressible
                    N
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Su(Tpl)|lilli
                    enhanceable
                    Su(H)
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    aop
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Rebay et al., 2000)
                    ap|Bx
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Bejarano et al., 2008)
                    aPKC
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)|lilli
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Bx
                    enhanceable
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Bejarano et al., 2008)
                    ct
                    enhanceable
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Eissenberg et al., 2002)
                    E(spl)mγ-HLH
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    lncRNA:roX1
                    enhanceable
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Prabhakaran and Kelley, 2012)
                    N
                    enhanceable
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Eissenberg et al., 2002)
                    Ras85D
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Karim et al., 1996)
                    sev|Ras85D
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Maixner et al., 1998)
                    sina
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Neufeld et al., 1998)
                    Snr1
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Su(H)
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Liu et al., 2017)
                    Tpl
                    suppressible
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Dorer et al., 1995, Dorer et al., 1993)
                    trc
                    enhanceable
                    Su(Tpl)
                    (Hudson et al., 2023)
                    External Data
                    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                    Component of the super elongation complex (SEC), at least composed of Ell, Cdk9, cyclin-T (CycT), lilli and ear. Component of the little elongation complex, at least composed of Ell, Eaf, Ice1 and Ice2. Associates with RNA polymerase II.
                    (UniProt, Q9VW51 )
                    Linkouts
                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    Pathways
                    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                    Metabolic Pathways
                    FlyBase
                    External Links
                    External Data
                    Linkouts
                    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                    Class of Gene
                    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                    Chromosome (arm)
                    3L
                    Recombination map
                    3-46
                    Cytogenetic map
                    76D3-76D4
                    Sequence location
                    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Evidence for location
                    76D3-76D4
                    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L3809L3809 and P{lacW}l(3)L1243L1243&P{lacW}Mi-2j3D4
                    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Notes
                    References
                    76D-76D
                    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                    (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Deak et al., 1997)
                    76C-76D
                    (Karim et al., 1996)
                    On basis of meiotic mapping (details unspecified).
                    (Karim et al., 1996)
                    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                    Location

                    3-46

                    (FlyBase, 2016)

                    3-43.3

                    (Comeron et al., 2012)

                    3-

                    (Neufeld et al., 1998, Karim et al., 1996)

                    3-46.5

                    (Dorer et al., 1995)
                    Left of (cM)
                    (Dorer et al., 1995)
                    Right of (cM)
                    (Dorer et al., 1995)
                    Notes
                    Stocks and Reagents
                    Stocks (26)
                    Genomic Clones (17)
                     

                    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                    cDNA Clones (43)
                     

                    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                    BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                      BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      RNAi and Array Information
                      Linkouts
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Antibody Information
                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                       

                      polyclonal

                      (Shen et al., 2025, Liu et al., 2017, Smith et al., 2011)
                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                       
                      Cell Line Information
                      Publicly Available Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Stable Cell Lines
                         
                          Other Comments

                          New annotation (CR32216) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                          Su(Tpl) is located in the largest intron of Mi-2, on the same strand. Overall orientation not stated: Mi-2+ Su(Tpl)+ Mi-2+

                          (Khattak et al., 2002)

                          Heat shock induces relocalization of Su(Tpl) protein to activated heat shock genes.

                          (Gerber et al., 2001)

                          Su(Tpl) functions with elongating RNA polymerase II in vivo.

                          (Gerber et al., 2001)

                          24 "SS3-4" alleles of Su(Tpl) have been isolated in a screen for dominant modifiers of the sinaGMR.PN eye phenotype.

                          (Neufeld et al., 1998)

                          Identified on the basis of genetic interaction with Ras85DV12.sev.

                          (Karim et al., 1996)

                          Su(Tpl) mutations suppress the lethality associated with three copies of the Tpl locus and are themselves recessive lethal.

                          (Dorer et al., 1995)

                          Mutations at Su(Tpl) block the triplo-lethal effect of Tpl. Several alleles previously thought to be hypomorphic mutations of Tpl are dominant mutations of the linked Su(Tpl). Su(Tpl) mutations are recessive lethal.

                          (Dorer et al., 1993)

                          Record revised by Alan Christensen, 19 January 1996.

                          Relationship to Other Genes
                          Source for database merge of

                          Source for merge of: Ell CR32216

                          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

                          Source for merge of: Su(Tpl) l(3)76BDs SR3-4A

                          (Eissenberg et al., 2002)
                          Additional comments

                          Annotations CG32217 (Su(Tpl)) and CR32216 merged as a single annotation in release 3.2 of the genome annotation (CR32216 corresponds to a 5' part of Su(Tpl)).

                          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

                          Annotation CG8037 split into CR32218, CG32217 (Su(Tpl)) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
                          Nomenclature History
                          Source for database identify of
                          Nomenclature comments
                          Etymology
                          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
                          Reported As
                          Symbol Synonym
                          0854/01
                          (Deak et al., 1997)
                          CG32217
                          (Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ardehali et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Molnar et al., 2006)
                          CG8037
                          CR32216
                          ELL
                          (Shen et al., 2025, Fernando et al., 2015, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Hu et al., 2013, Smith et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2010, Smith et al., 2008, Eissenberg et al., 2007, Gerber and Shilatifard, 2003, Gerber, 2001.9.4)
                          Ell
                          (Chung et al., 2018, Ardehali et al., 2009, Giot et al., 2003, Orian et al., 2003)
                          SR3-4A
                          (Gerber et al., 2005, Eissenberg et al., 2002, Maixner et al., 1998, Karim et al., 1996)
                          SS3-4
                          (Neufeld et al., 1998)
                          SY3-1
                          (Gerber et al., 2005, Rebay et al., 2000)
                          Su(Tpl)
                          (Lee et al., 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Sutton et al., 2024, Hudson et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Azpurua et al., 2021, Yamaguchi et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Mathiyalagan et al., 2019, Baranski et al., 2018, Landskron et al., 2018, Stephano et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Yang et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Yan et al., 2014, Jennings, 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Prabhakaran and Kelley, 2012, White-Cooper, 2012, Gafuik and Steller, 2011, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Cooper et al., 2010, Bejarano et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Zhou et al., 2008, Beckstead et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Ferjoux et al., 2007)
                          Su(Tpl)/
                          (Knowles-Barley et al., 2010)
                          dELL
                          (Goodman et al., 2019, Liu et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2013, Lin et al., 2010, Bejarano et al., 2008, Smith et al., 2008, Gerber et al., 2005, Sims et al., 2004, Eissenberg et al., 2002, Khattak et al., 2002, Gerber et al., 2001)
                          dEll
                          (Dahlberg et al., 2015)
                          l (3)76BD
                          (Gerber et al., 2005)
                          l(3)76BDs
                          (Cooper et al., 2010, Zhu et al., 2005, Eissenberg et al., 2002, Kehle et al., 1998)
                          l(3)S000606
                          l(3)S085401
                          (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)
                          Name Synonyms
                          Su(Tpl)
                          Suppressor of GMR-sina 3-4
                          (Neufeld et al., 1998)
                          Suppressor of Triplolethal
                          (Shalaby et al., 2009)
                          eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia
                          (Smith et al., 2011)
                          elongation factor RNA polymerase II
                          (Ling and Salvaterra, 2011)
                          Secondary FlyBase IDs
                          • FBgn0016733
                          • FBgn0025923
                          • FBgn0028080
                          • FBgn0028245
                          • FBgn0028435
                          • FBgn0036914
                          • FBgn0052216
                          • FBgn0052217
                          Datasets (0)
                          Study focus (0)
                          Experimental Role
                          Project
                          Project Type
                          Title
                          Study result (0)
                          Result
                          Result Type
                          Title
                          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 57 )
                          Sequence Crossreferences
                          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                          Other crossreferences
                          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                          Linkouts
                          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                          References (129)