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FB2026_01
,
released March 12, 2026
gsb-d, BSH9, l(2)01155
transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - regulates neuroblast cell fate
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\gsb for information on other features
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Gene model reviewed during 5.52
2.6, 2.4, 1.8 (northern blot)
There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene
427 (aa)
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\gsb using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reference states 4-8 hr AEL
gsb-d protein is expressed in a segmental pattern in the procephalic region with stripes of expression corresponding to and anterior to and partly overlap those of en in this region. These regions produce neuroblasts primarily in the deuto and tritocerbrum with a single protocerbral neuroblast expressing gsb.
Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d2-4, v3; deuterocerebrum - d1, d5, d7; protocerebrum - pd3, pd10
gsb protein was used as a neuroblast marker. It is expressed in rows 5 and 6/7 neuroblasts.
gsb protein is detected in a segmentally repeated pattern a the end of cellularization. Odd-numbered stripes 1-13 plus an anterior stripe 0 appear first, and are followed by the appearance of even stripes 2-12 at mid-gastrulation, and of stripe 14 at the start of germ band extension. Towards the end of germ band extension, stripes 4-14 become restricted to neurectoderm. gsb protein expression is highest at this stage, with expression also detected in 4 anterior and 3 posterior regions. Expression is also detected in the most medial neuroblasts of row 5. Anterior and posterior accumulation decreases after this stage. At the end of germ band retraction, ectodermal expression increases once more, to disappear again by stage 14. During germ band extension, all neuroblasts of row 5 and 6 express gsb-n protein, and those of row 7 express it transiently. Additional cells which may be the VUM precursors also express gsb-n protein transiently. Low levels of expression persist in a few neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells until germ band retraction. Mesodermal gsb-n protein expression is first detected at mid-germ-band extension, persists in three patches in thoracic segments that subsequently merge, and dissapears around head involution. Intercalary segment primordium expression is detected starting at mid germ band extension. Expression is detected in a dorsal patch of the labral segment and in additional patches in the presumptive head during the slow phase of germ band extension. Additional stripes (stripes 15-17) appear in the tail region during germ band extension. gsb-n protein is expressed transiently in the pharynx and anal pad during head involution.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\gsb in JBrowse
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
Both gsb-n and gsb are involved in specification of the SNa motor neurons, but gsb appears to play the more important role (since while two doses of gsb or gsb-n are required to properly determine SNa fate, one of the doses must be gsb, whereas gsb-n is dispensible when two copies of gsb are present). gsb and gsb-n have partially redundant functions in embryonic segmentation.
gsb is not required for the rapid induction of synaptic homeostasis.
Segment polarity gene expression is necessary for the survival of specific rows of epidermal cells.
Novel gsb mutants are isolated that exhibit CNS defects but have only weak or no segmentation defects.
The expression pattern of a number of genes in the larval genital discs, including gsb, has been studied to determine the segment-parasegment organisation of the genital discs.
gsb is necessary and sufficient to specify row 5 neuroblast identity autonomously.
Lack of gsb transforms row 5 neuroblasts into row 3 neuroblasts whereas ubiquitous expression generates the reciprocal transformation.
Comparisons of early development to that in other insects have revealed conservation of some aspects of development, as well as differences that may explain variations in early patterning events.
The establishment and maintenance of gsb stripes is under the control of two separable and consecutively acting cis-regulatory elements, the gsb-early element, or GEE, and the gsb-late element, or GLE. The GEE is activated by pair-rule proteins, to establish the gsb stripes while the GLE controls their maintenance in response to the wg signal rather than to the gsb protein itself.
gsb, gsb-n mutants are homozygous lethal; embryos show segment-polarity defects. The posterior portion of each segment is deleted and the anterior portion duplicated in mirror image fashion; the ventral segments are almost entirely covered with denticles, the posterior fraction of which point anteriorly. Segment boundaries persist normally and segments maintain their individuality.
Mutations in zygotic polarity genes gsb-n and gsb do not interact with RpII140wimp.
The gsb region is defined by the proximal breakpoint of Df(2R)Kr10 (map position 0 to +3.5) and by the distal breakpoint of Df(2R)gsb (map position +40 to +42.5).
Included in genetic and molecular analysis of the zipper-gooseberry region: no point mutations in gsb were obtained.
