FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\hth[Meis1-P2]

The number of LinA-derived neurons is dramatically reduced compared to wild type in hth^Meis1-P2 mutant clones examined at the late third instar larval stage. This phenotype is seen in all three thoracic segments. The number of glia derived from the triple mutant LinA neuroblast clones is also reduced compared to wild type.

Adult motor neurons derived from hth^Meis1-P2 LinA neuroblast clones target the same region of the leg as do wild-type LinA-derived neurons. However, fewer branches are observed compared with wild-type clones, with the distal region of the tibia being most highly affected. A small number of midline-crossing dendrites are absent.

(Baek et al., 2013)

Clones of homozygous hth^Meis1-P2 mutant neurons in the medulla display abnormal morphology. Tm1-like, rather than Mi1, neurons are found in homozygous hth^Meis1-P2 clones.

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

Abdominal hemisegments of hth^Meis1-P2 mutant embryos do not show an increase in glial progeny, but generate ectopic neurons in the dorsal lateral cortex suggesting homeotic transformation of NB6-4a to NB6-4t (in 7% of hemisegments).

(Kannan et al., 2010)

Oenocytes fail to form in homozygous hth^Meis1-P2 mutant embryos. The peripheral nervous system is severely disrupted in hth^Meis1-P2 mutant embryos, and thoracic-like dch3 organs are observed in abdominal segments of these mutants.

(Li-Kroeger et al., 2008)

The cuticles of hth^Meis1-P2 embryos show severe head defects, segmental fusions and posterior-directed transformations of the abdominal segments. In the thorax, an almost completely naked epidermis with some sparse denticles replaces the rows of small denticles that are present in wild type. Transformations toward more posterior fates are evident in the first abdominal segment (A1) that takes on an A3-like identity. Denticle belt fusions are especially evident in the abdominal segments.

hth^Meis1-P2 clones induced in the antennal imaginal disc result in the transformation of the antenna towards a leg, containing a complete tarsus and a single proximal domain.

Large hth^Meis1-P2 clones in the legs result in the fusion of the proximal segments, the coxa and trochanter, with medial segments and the body wall. The resulting fused proximal domain has both bracted and unbracted bristles, suggesting it is comprised of both proximal and distal fates.

(Noro et al., 2006)

hth^Meis1-P2 homozygous embryos produce cuticles with fusions or deletions of the ventral denticle belts.

(Kobayashi et al., 2003)

Somatic clones homozygous for hth^Meis1-P2 differentiate leg pattern elements that do not correspond to the position of the clones. They also form vesicles of tissue segregating from the surroundings. In the coxa, they differentiate bristles resembling those in the femur. This can be assessed because within the clone some bristles have bracts and others do not, a characteristic feature of the femur. These clones also tend to fuse with the femur, an event which is facilitated by the physical continuity between the presumptive coxa and femur regions, and suggests that the clones acquire femur identity. The transformations observed in somatic clones of hth^Meis1-P2 homozygous cells in the leg are strictly cell autonomous. In the coxa, they differentiate bristles resembling those in the femur (some bristles develop bracts and others do not). These clones also tend to fuse with the femur, an event which is facilitated by the physical continuity between the presumptive coxa and femur regions, and suggests that the clones acquire femur identity.

(Azpiazu and Morata, 2002)

Homozygous clones in the eye disc are rarely observed anterior to the morphogenetic furrow.

(Bessa et al., 2002)

Large clones in the antenna result in transformation into leg. In 16% of cases, five distinct tarsal segments separated by four joints can be seen.

(Chu et al., 2002)

The circular outline of the joint between antennal segments 2 and 3 is lost in hth^Meis1-P2 mutant adults.

(Dong et al., 2002)

Homozygous clones in the antenna give rise to a leg-like appendage which has two distinct segments; a complete tarsus (with five subsegments and a claw) and a single proximal segment. The appendage shows polarity along the proximo-distal (P-D) axis (as in wild type), with bristles and trichomes usually pointing distally and distinct bristle types being seen at different positions along the P-D axis. In the proximal segment, two to three spurs are usually seen distally (this type of bristle is normally found in the distal tibia). A single apical bristle (also normally found in the distal tibia of T2 legs) is seen in approximately 10% of proximal segments. Homozygous clones in the legs of all three segments result in legs with two segments; a single proximal segment and a complete tarsus (with five subsegments and a claw). The legs retain leg type-specific bristle patterns such as transverse row bristles in T1.

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Homozygous clones in the female genitalia cause extra growths with additional vaginal teeth. Homozygous clones in the male genitalia occasionally show some abnormalities in the clasper teeth. Homozygous clones in the analia are wild type.

(Estrada and Sanchez-Herrero, 2001)

Normal alula and proximal or medial costa are never formed by clones of homozygous cells. When homozygous tissue is present, the sclerites, axilary cord and radius are also frequently missing or disorganised. Homozygous clones in the wing hinge grow poorly relative to their wild-type twin spots. Large homozygous clones induced during the first or second larval instar stages frequently result in the production of large overgrowths of wing blade tissue in place of the wing hinge. These overgrowths are located posteriorly, but can contain posterior (indicated by double row wing margin bristles) as well as anterior (indicated by the presence of vein 3-type sensilla campaniformia) wing tissue. All the overgrowths include an ectopic posterior wing margin, indicating the presence of a dorsal/ventral compartment boundary in the overgrown tissue. The overgrowths often contain wild-type tissue that has been induced to form wing. In contrast, clones within the wing blade are normal, and the mesonotum develops almost normally in the absence of hth⁺, with only minor alterations in the pattern of bristles, even when most of the tissue is mutant. In clones that delete the hinge, wing and notum tissues appear to mix. Large tissue overgrowths are seen in wing imaginal discs containing large homozygous clones. Two types of overgrowths are seen; ventral and posterior (ectopic wing pouch). The posterior overgrowths straddle the dorsal/ventral compartment boundary. Homozygous clones that are restricted to the dorsal compartment do not overgrow, but there is a lack of the folds normally found in the hinge region of the epithelium.

(Casares and Mann, 2000)

Somatic clones in the head, induced during larval stages, lead to ectopic eye structures in the head. the ventral head region (gena and rostral membrane) is reduced as a consequence of the production of ectopic eyes, and the maxillary palps are frequently absent or abnormal in these clones. Somatic clones in a Minute background results in ventral overgrowths of eye tissue and in the loss of ventral and dorsal head structures.

(Pichaud and Casares, 2000)

Homozygous embryos show defects in segmentation and head involution. The longitudinal tracts are reduced or missing and posterior commissures are often reduced. The spacing between the commissures is reduced, most notably in the thoracic segments, and abnormal outgrowth of multiple nerve roots is seen. The thoracic neuromeres are widened compared to wild-type.

(Kurant et al., 1998)

Homozygous clones in ventral head tissue result in ectopic eye formation, some of which are at the tip of a tubular outgrowth. Clones within the compound eye or dorsal head structures do not show morphological phenotypes. The eye shape may be distorted when homozygous clones cross the eye border. Ectopic photoreceptor differentiation and local outgrowth can be seen in the eye-antenna discs of late third instar larvae bearing homozygous clones. These ectopic photoreceptors are only found in the ventral margin of the disc, and clones in the dorsal margin of the disc do not induce ectopic photoreceptor development. Homozygous clones in the second or third antennal segments result in transformation to leg-like structures, with larger clones producing a clear claw structure indicative of a distal leg. Clones in the coxa, femur or tibia often cause fusion of these leg segments, whereas clones in the tarsal segments are morphologically normal. Clones in the mesonotum and abdomen do not have significant morphological phenotypes.

(Pai et al., 1998)

Pigment is present only in the posterior third of the eye.

(Sun et al., 1996)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hth^Meis1-P2 has decreased cell number | recessive | embryonic stage 15 phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^prd.PU/rho^UAS.cUa

(Wang et al., 2017)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

hth^Meis1-P2/hth^Meis1-P2 is a suppressor of increased cell number | embryonic stage 15 phenotype of Scer\GAL4^prd.PU, rho^UAS.cUa

(Wang et al., 2017)

Other

Statement

Reference

Antp^Ns-rvC3, Scr^C1, hth^Meis1-P2 has visible | somatic clone phenotype

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Antp^Ns-rvC3, hth^Meis1-P2 has visible | somatic clone phenotype

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hth^Meis1-P2 has embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15 phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^prd.PU/rho^UAS.cUa

(Wang et al., 2017)

hth^Meis1-P2 has motor neuron | somatic clone | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371/Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Baek et al., 2013)

hth^Meis1-P2 has motor neuron | somatic clone | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371/Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Baek et al., 2013)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hth^Meis1-P2 has glial cell | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371/Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Baek et al., 2013)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

hth[+]/hth^Meis1-P2 is an enhancer of eye | somatic clone phenotype of L²

(Singh et al., 2011)

hth[+]/hth^Meis1-P2 is an enhancer of eye disc | somatic clone phenotype of L²

(Singh et al., 2011)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

hth^Meis1-P2/hth^Meis1-P2 is a suppressor of embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15 phenotype of Scer\GAL4^prd.PU, rho^UAS.cUa

(Wang et al., 2017)

hth[+]/hth^Meis1-P2 is a suppressor of eye | somatic clone phenotype of L^rev6-3

(Singh et al., 2011)

hth[+]/hth^Meis1-P2 is a suppressor of eye disc | somatic clone phenotype of L^rev6-3

(Singh et al., 2011)

hth^Meis1-P2 is a suppressor of ventral denticle belt phenotype of en^hs.PH

(Kobayashi et al., 2003)

hth^Meis1-P2 is a suppressor of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype of en^hs.PH

(Kobayashi et al., 2003)

Other

Statement

Reference

Antp^Ns-rvC3, Scr^C1, hth^Meis1-P2 has prothoracic leg | somatic clone phenotype

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Antp^Ns-rvC3, Scr^C1, hth^Meis1-P2 has mesothoracic leg | somatic clone phenotype

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Antp^Ns-rvC3, hth^Meis1-P2 has mesothoracic leg | proximal | somatic clone phenotype

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Stage 15 embryos that are homozygous for hth^Meis1-P2 and express rho^Scer\UAS.cUa under the control of Scer\GAL4^prd.PU neither exhibit the absence of oenocytes observed in hth^Meis1-P2 homozygotes nor exhibit the ectopic/increased oenocytes in Prd-positive segments observed upon the expression of rho^Scer\UAS.cUa alone, but display a decrease in the number of oenocytes as compared to wild-type controls).

(Wang et al., 2017)

Loss-of-function L² heterozygous eye clones in a hth^Meis1-P2 heterozygous background results in a complete loss-of-ventral eye phenotype, as seen in L² eye clones.

L^rev6-3 heterozygous eye clones in a hth^Meis1-P2 heterozygous background results in no ventral eye loss and a wild-type eye phenotype.

(Singh et al., 2011)

The percentage of embryos given a mild heat shock (7 minutes at 37^oC) producing severely defective cuticles (multiple fusions or deletions of denticle belts) is reduced (23% to 7%) when both parents are heterozygous for hth^Meis1-P2.

(Kobayashi et al., 2003)

Appendages in thoracic segment 2 (T2) which are composed of a Antp^Ns-rvC3 hth^Meis1-P2 double mutant clone are leg-like along their entire proximo-distal (P-D) axis. However they have only two distinct segments along the P-D axis; a complete tarsus (with five subsegments and a claw) and a single proximal segment (which likely results from a fusion of the four proximal-most segments of a wild-type leg). The appendage shows polarity along the P-D axis (as in wild type), with bristles and trichomes usually pointing distally and distinct bristle types being seen at different positions along the P-D axis. In the proximal segment, two to three spurs are usually seen distally (this type of bristle is normally found in the distal tibia). Antp^Ns-rvC3 hth^Meis1-P2 Scr^C1 triple mutant clones result in two-segment appendages in T1 and T2.

(Casares and Mann, 2001)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Expression of BacA\p35^Scer\UAS.cHa under the simultaneous control of both Scer\GAL4^VGlut-OK371 and Scer\GAL4^tub.PU rescues the reduced number of LinA-derived neurons seen in hth^Meis1-P2 mutant clones examined at the late third instar larval stage. The reduction in number of glia derived from the triple mutant LinA neuroblast clones is not rescued.

Expression of BacA\p35^Scer\UAS.cHa under the simultaneous control of both Scer\GAL4^VGlut-OK371 and Scer\GAL4^tub.PU partially rescues the defects seen in adult motor neurons of the leg derived from hth^Meis1-P2 LinA neuroblast clones.

(Baek et al., 2013)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Complements

hth^P5-GAL4

(Tang and Sun, 2002)

Fails to complement

hth^unspecified

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Partially rescued by

hth^Meis1-P2 is partially rescued by hth^UAS.GFP/Scer\GAL4^hth-GAL4.H

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

Comments

Expression of hth^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP} under the control of hth^GAL4.H partially rescues the formation of Mi1 neurons in homozygous hth^Meis1-P2 clones.

(Hasegawa et al., 2011)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Imprecise excision of P{lacW} causes recessive embryonic lethality.

(Sun et al., 1996)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

MEIS1^P2

(Rieckhof et al., 1997)

Meis1^P2

(Sun, 1996.4.28)

P-2

(Sun et al., 1995)

(Kurant et al., 1998, Pai et al., 1998)

hth^Meis1-P2

hth^P2

(Curt et al., 2025, Bakshi et al., 2020, Garaulet et al., 2020, Arbouzova et al., 2019, Delker et al., 2019, Romero-Pozuelo et al., 2019, Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2019, Erclik et al., 2017, Khandelwal et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Uhl et al., 2016, Crocker et al., 2015, Kumar et al., 2015, Lopes and Casares, 2015, Piñeiro et al., 2014, Baek et al., 2013, Li et al., 2013, Rivas et al., 2013, Suzuki et al., 2013, Turkel et al., 2013, Li-Kroeger et al., 2012, Hasegawa et al., 2011, Saadaoui et al., 2011, Joshi et al., 2010, Kannan et al., 2010, Oros et al., 2010, Emmons et al., 2007, Noro et al., 2006, Aldaz et al., 2005, Ebner et al., 2005, Ebner et al., 2003, Grienenberger et al., 2003, Kobayashi et al., 2003, Merabet et al., 2003, Azpiazu and Morata, 2002, Bessa et al., 2002, Chu et al., 2002, del Alamo Rodriguez et al., 2002, Tang and Sun, 2002, Casares and Mann, 2001, Dong et al., 2001, Estrada and Sanchez-Herrero, 2001, Casares and Mann, 2000, Henderson and Andrew, 2000, Yao et al., 1999, Abu-Shaar and Mann, 1998, Kurant et al., 1998)

hth^p2

(Liu et al., 2020, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008)

hthP2

(Dong et al., 2002, Pichaud and Casares, 2000)

hth[P2]

(Garaulet et al., 2014)

l(3)86Ca^P-2

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBal0046073

References (59)

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