trud

See also: trúd

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech trud, from Proto-Slavic *trudъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtrut]

Noun

trud m inan

1. effort, work, toil

   Krásný ten čas přelétl jako sen bez namáhání a trudu.

   That beautiful time flew by like a dream without strain and toil.

2. sorrow, trouble

   A jak se tak díval, všechny obavy a trudy s něho spadly.

   And as he looked around, all worries and troubles fell away from him.

Declension

Declension of trud (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	trud	trudy
genitive	trudu	trudů
dative	trudu	trudům
accusative	trud	trudy
vocative	trude	trudy
locative	trudu, trudě	trudech
instrumental	trudem	trudy

Derived terms

• trudit
• trudný

Further reading

• “trud”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “trud”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Old Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trudъ.

Noun

trud m inan

1. sorrow, grief, lamentation
2. work, activity, effort, exertion

Derived terms

adjectives

• trudný

Descendants

• Slovak: trud

References

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “trud”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish trud, from Proto-Slavic *trudъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtrut/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ut
• Syllabification: trud
• Homophone: trut

Noun

trud m inan

1. toil
   • 1922, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Z dawnych dziejów, Lwów-Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo Zakładu Nar. Imienia Ossolińskich, page 167:

     Do syrakuzańskich kamieniołomów wzywano inżynierów i górników z Mesyny, opłacając na wagę złota ich trudy. […]

     Engineers and miners from Messina were summoned to the Syracuse quarries, and their labors were paid at a price worth of gold. […]

2. trouble

Declension

Declension of trud

	singular	plural
nominative	trud	trudy
genitive	trudu	trudów
dative	trudowi	trudom
accusative	trud	trudy
instrumental	trudem	trudami
locative	trudzie	trudach
vocative	trudzie	trudy

Derived terms

adverbs

• bez trudu
• nie bez trudu
• z trudem

Further reading

• “trud”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “trud”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trudъ.

Noun

trȗd m inan (Cyrillic spelling тру̑д)

1. effort, work, toil

   I na kraju... sav je trud bio uzalud. ― And in the end... all the effort was in vain.

2. (in the plural) contractions (while giving birth)

Declension

Declension of trud

	singular	plural
nominative	trud	trúdovi / trȗdi
genitive	truda	trudova / truda
dative	trudu	trudovima / trudima
accusative	trud	trudove / trude
vocative	trude	trudovi / trudi
locative	trudu	trudovima / trudima
instrumental	trudom	trudovima / trudima

Further reading

• “trud”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *trǫdъ.

Noun

trȗd m inan (Cyrillic spelling тру̑д)

1. tinder fungus (Fomes fomentarius)

   Synonym: guba

Further reading

• “trud”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026