kos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kos"

Languages (26)

Translingual • English

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Afar • Afrikaans • Ahtna • Albanian • Antigua and Barbuda Creole English • Czech • Danish • Dutch • German • Hausa • Hungarian • Indonesian • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Middle High German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old High German • Papiamentu • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Slovene • Swedish • Tok Pisin

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

kos

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kosraean.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Kosraean terms

English

Noun

kos (plural koses or kos)

1. Alternative spelling of coss.

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kos/ [kɔs]
• Hyphenation: kos

Noun

kos m

1. limp, lameness

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

kos (plural kosse, diminutive kossie)

1. food

Usage notes

The diminutive singular is rarely used, while the diminutive plural, kossies, is more commonly found in language used for infants and small children.

Derived terms

• kitskos
• kosmenger

Related terms

• koste

Ahtna

Stem

kos

1. Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Momentaneous			kaetsʼ (enclosed object moves)
Progressive	kaetsʼ (enclosed object moves)
Perambulative	kaetsʼ (enclosed object moves)		kaetsʼ (enclosed object moves)

Albanian

Etymology

From a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic квасъ (kvasŭ, “sour dough, sour drink”), archaic Serbo-Croatian квас (“yeast”), Slovene kvas (“yeast”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven, fermented drink”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔs/

Noun

kos m (plural kosë, definite kosi, definite plural kosët)

1. yogurt

Declension

Declension of kos

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kos	kosi	kosë	kosët
accusative		kosin
dative	kosi	kosit	kosëve	kosëve
ablative			kosësh

Derived terms

• kosaxhi

Antigua and Barbuda Creole English

Noun

kos (plural kos dem, quantified kos)

1. curse

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os
• Homophone: koz

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kos, from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Noun

kos m anim (relational adjective kosí, diminutive kosík)

1. blackbird

Declension

Declension of kos (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	kos	kosi, kosové
genitive	kosa	kosů
dative	kosovi, kosu	kosům
accusative	kosa	kosy
vocative	kose	kosi, kosové
locative	kosovi, kosu	kosech
instrumental	kosem	kosy

Derived terms

adjectives

• kosí
• kosův

nouns

• kosáček
• kosák
• kosátko
• kose
• kosíček
• kosík

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kos f

1. genitive plural of kosa

Verb

kos

1. second-person singular imperative of kosit

Further reading

• “kos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
• “kos”, in Český jazykový atlas [Czech Linguistic Atlas] (in Czech), volume 2, number 40, 2012–2014

Anagrams

• sok

Danish

Noun

kos c

1. indefinite genitive singular of ko

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔs/
• Hyphenation: kos
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

kos m (plural kossen, diminutive kosje n)

1. dialectal form of kus (“kiss”)

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoːs/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Verb

kos

1. singular imperative of kosen

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kôs/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [kʷâs]

Noun

kôs m

1. trump card

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Turkish koç.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkoʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kos
• Rhymes: -oʃ

Noun

kos (plural kosok)

1. ram, tup (a male sheep)

   Hypernym: (sheep) juh

   Hyponym: (a castrated ram) ürü

   aranygyapjas kos ― golden-fleeced ram (from Greek mythology)

2. tup (the head of a hammer, and particularly of a steam-driven hammer)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	kos	kosok
accusative	kost	kosokat
dative	kosnak	kosoknak
instrumental	kossal	kosokkal
causal-final	kosért	kosokért
translative	kossá	kosokká
terminative	kosig	kosokig
essive-formal	kosként	kosokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kosban	kosokban
superessive	koson	kosokon
adessive	kosnál	kosoknál
illative	kosba	kosokba
sublative	kosra	kosokra
allative	koshoz	kosokhoz
elative	kosból	kosokból
delative	kosról	kosokról
ablative	kostól	kosoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	kosé	kosoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	koséi	kosokéi

Possessive forms of kos

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kosom	kosaim
2nd person sing.	kosod	kosaid
3rd person sing.	kosa	kosai
1st person plural	kosunk	kosaink
2nd person plural	kosotok	kosaitok
3rd person plural	kosuk	kosaik

Further reading

• kos in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Anagrams

• sok

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• kost

Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“to stand firm (at a price)”). Compare to Malay kos (“cost”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkɔs/ [ˈkɔs]
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: kos

Noun

kos (plural kos-kos)

1. (colloquial) lodging

   Synonyms: indekosan, kosan, kos-kosan

Verb

kos

1. (colloquial) to rent a place to live or lodge

   Synonyms: berindekos, berkos, indekos, mengekos

Derived terms

• berkos
• kos-kosan
• kosan
• mengekos

Further reading

• “kos”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Lower Sorbian

Noun

kos m anim

1. superseded spelling of kós

Declension

Declension of kos

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	kos	kosa	kose
Genitive	kosa	kosowu	kosow
Dative	kosoju	kosoma	kosam
Accusative	kosa	kosowu	kose, kosow
Instrumental	kosom	kosoma	kosami
Locative	kosu	kosoma	kosach

Malay

Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“to stand firm (at a price)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kos]
• Hyphenation: kos
• Rhymes: -os

Noun

kos (Jawi spelling کوس, plural kos-kos or kos²)

1. cost

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• berkos [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• pengekosan

References

• “kos”, in Kamus Dewan Perdana (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2020, →ISBN, page 1159
• “kos”, in Kamus Bahasa Melayu Nusantara [Nusantara Malay Language Dictionary], 2nd edition, Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, 2011, →ISBN, page 1421

Further reading

• "kos" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Middle High German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈkoːs̠/

Verb

kōs

1. first/third-person singular past indicative of kiesen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From the verb kose.

Noun

kos m (definite singular kosen) (uncountable)

1. cosiness (UK) or coziness (US)

Etymology 2

Noun

kos m

1. hug, cuddle

Etymology 3

Verb

kos

1. imperative of kose

References

• “kos” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From the verb kose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuːs/

Noun

kos m (definite singular kosen, uncountable)

1. cosiness (UK) or coziness (US)

Derived terms

• heimekos
• koseleg
• kosekveld
• peiskos

Adjective

kos

1. cozy

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• kòs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koːs/

Noun

kos f (definite singular kosa, indefinite plural kaser, definite plural kasene)

1. a heap, a pile

References

• “kos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old High German

Verb

kōs

1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of kiosan

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Spanish cosa and Portuguese coisa and Kabuverdianu kuza.

Noun

kos

1. thing

Polish

kos

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: kos
• Homophone: Kos

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *kosъ

Polish kos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Noun

kos m animal

1. blackbird, common blackbird, merle (Turdus merula)

   Synonym: kos zwyczajny

Declension

Declension of kos

	singular	plural
nominative	kos	kosy
genitive	kosa	kosów
dative	kosowi	kosom
accusative	kosa	kosy
instrumental	kosem	kosami
locative	kosie	kosach
vocative	kosie	kosy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kos f

1. genitive plural of kosa

Further reading

• “kos”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “kos”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kôːs/

Adjective

kȏs (Cyrillic spelling ко̑с, definite kȏsī)

1. slant, inclined, skew
2. (grammar) oblique (of a case)

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		kos	kosa	koso
genitive		kosa	kose	kosa
dative		kosu	kosoj	kosu
accusative	inanimate animate	kos kosa	kosu	koso
vocative		kos	kosa	koso
locative		kosu	kosoj	kosu
instrumental		kosim	kosom	kosim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		kosi	kose	kosa
genitive		kosih	kosih	kosih
dative		kosim(a)	kosim(a)	kosim(a)
accusative		kose	kose	kosa
vocative		kosi	kose	kosa
locative		kosim(a)	kosim(a)	kosim(a)
instrumental		kosim(a)	kosim(a)	kosim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		kosi	kosa	koso
genitive		kosog(a)	kose	kosog(a)
dative		kosom(u/e)	kosoj	kosom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	kosi kosog(a)	kosu	koso
vocative		kosi	kosa	koso
locative		kosom(e/u)	kosoj	kosom(e/u)
instrumental		kosim	kosom	kosim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		kosi	kose	kosa
genitive		kosih	kosih	kosih
dative		kosim(a)	kosim(a)	kosim(a)
accusative		kose	kose	kosa
vocative		kosi	kose	kosa
locative		kosim(a)	kosim(a)	kosim(a)
instrumental		kosim(a)	kosim(a)	kosim(a)

Further reading

• “kos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ. First attested in the 16th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kôːs/

Noun

kȏs m anim (Cyrillic spelling ко̑с)

1. blackbird

Declension

Declension of kos

	singular	plural
nominative	kȏs	kósovi
genitive	kosa	kosova
dative	kosu	kosovima
accusative	kosa	kosove
vocative	kose	kosovi
locative	kosu	kosovima
instrumental	kosom	kosovima

Further reading

• “kos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kóːs/

Adjective

kọ̑s

1. (archaic) slanted, inclined, skewed

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	kós	kósa	kóso
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kós ind kósi def	kósa	kóso
genitive	kósega	kóse	kósega
dative	kósemu	kósi	kósemu
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	kóso	kóso
locative	kósem	kósi	kósem
instrumental	kósim	kóso	kósim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kósa	kósi	kósi
genitive	kósih	kósih	kósih
dative	kósima	kósima	kósima
accusative	kósa	kósi	kósi
locative	kósih	kósih	kósih
instrumental	kósima	kósima	kósima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kósi	kóse	kósa
genitive	kósih	kósih	kósih
dative	kósim	kósim	kósim
accusative	kóse	kóse	kósa
locative	kósih	kósih	kósih
instrumental	kósimi	kósimi	kósimi

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kóːs/

Noun

kọ̑s m inan

1. piece

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	kós
gen. sing.	kósa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	kós	kósa	kósi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	kósa	kósov	kósov
dative (dajȃlnik)	kósu	kósoma	kósom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	kós	kósa	kóse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	kósu	kósih	kósih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	kósom	kósoma	kósi

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ. First attested in the 16th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kóːs/

Noun

kọ̑s m anim

1. blackbird

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	kós
gen. sing.	kósa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	kós	kósa	kósi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	kósa	kósov	kósov
dative (dajȃlnik)	kósu	kósoma	kósom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	kósa	kósa	kóse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	kósu	kósih	kósih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	kósom	kósoma	kósi

Further reading

• “kos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “kos”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Swedish

Etymology

Doublet of kurs.

Noun

kos c

1. (in some expressions) course (often away)

   Tjuven flydde sin kos

   The thief fled his course (fled)

   Fågeln flög sin kos

   The bird flew its course (flew away)

   att styra sin kos någonstans

   to head towards some place [steer one's course somewhere]

See also

• kosa

Noun

kos

1. indefinite genitive singular of ko

References

• “kos”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “kos”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “kos”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• oks, sko

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English cost.

Noun

kos

1. cost

Etymology 2

From English cause.

Noun

kos

1. cause