iudico

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu

Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwos

Proto-Italic *jowos

Latin iūs

Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *déyḱ-s ~ *diḱ-és

Proto-Italic *-diks

Latin iūdex

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin iūdicō

From iūdex + -ō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈjuː.dɪ.koː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈjuː.di.ko]

Verb

iūdicō (present infinitive iūdicāre, perfect active iūdicāvī, supine iūdicātum); first conjugation

(law) to examine judicially, judge, pass judgement, decide; condemn
Synonyms: accūsō, crīminor, condemnō, reprehendō, damnō
(in general) to judge; proclaim; determine, conclude; adjudge

Conjugation

Conjugation of iūdicō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	iūdicō	iūdicās		iūdicat	iūdicāmus	iūdicātis		iūdicant
	imperfect	iūdicābam	iūdicābās		iūdicābat	iūdicābāmus	iūdicābātis		iūdicābant
	future	iūdicābō	iūdicābis		iūdicābit	iūdicābimus	iūdicābitis		iūdicābunt
	perfect	iūdicāvī	iūdicāvistī		iūdicāvit	iūdicāvimus	iūdicāvistis		iūdicāvērunt, iūdicāvēre
	pluperfect	iūdicāveram	iūdicāverās		iūdicāverat	iūdicāverāmus	iūdicāverātis		iūdicāverant
	future perfect	iūdicāverō	iūdicāveris		iūdicāverit	iūdicāverimus	iūdicāveritis		iūdicāverint
	sigmatic future¹	iūdicāssō	iūdicāssis		iūdicāssit	iūdicāssimus	iūdicāssitis		iūdicāssint
passive	present	iūdicor	iūdicāris, iūdicāre		iūdicātur	iūdicāmur	iūdicāminī		iūdicantur
	imperfect	iūdicābar	iūdicābāris, iūdicābāre		iūdicābātur	iūdicābāmur	iūdicābāminī		iūdicābantur
	future	iūdicābor	iūdicāberis, iūdicābere		iūdicābitur	iūdicābimur	iūdicābiminī		iūdicābuntur
	perfect	iūdicātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iūdicātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iūdicātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	iūdicem	iūdicēs		iūdicet	iūdicēmus	iūdicētis		iūdicent
	imperfect	iūdicārem	iūdicārēs		iūdicāret	iūdicārēmus	iūdicārētis		iūdicārent
	perfect	iūdicāverim	iūdicāverīs		iūdicāverit	iūdicāverīmus	iūdicāverītis		iūdicāverint
	pluperfect	iūdicāvissem	iūdicāvissēs		iūdicāvisset	iūdicāvissēmus	iūdicāvissētis		iūdicāvissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	iūdicāssim	iūdicāssīs		iūdicāssīt	iūdicāssīmus	iūdicāssītis		iūdicāssint
passive	present	iūdicer	iūdicēris, iūdicēre		iūdicētur	iūdicēmur	iūdicēminī		iūdicentur
	imperfect	iūdicārer	iūdicārēris, iūdicārēre		iūdicārētur	iūdicārēmur	iūdicārēminī		iūdicārentur
	perfect	iūdicātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iūdicātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	iūdicā		—	—	iūdicāte		—
active	future	—	iūdicātō		iūdicātō	—	iūdicātōte		iūdicantō
passive	present	—	iūdicāre		—	—	iūdicāminī		—
passive	future	—	iūdicātor		iūdicātor	—	—		iūdicantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		iūdicāre		iūdicārī		iūdicāns		—
future		iūdicātūrum esse		iūdicātum īrī		iūdicātūrus		iūdicandus
perfect		iūdicāvisse		iūdicātum esse		—		iūdicātus
future perfect		—		iūdicātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		iūdicātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		iūdicandī	iūdicandō		iūdicandum	iūdicandō	iūdicātum		iūdicātū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Aromanian: giudic, giudicari
Catalan: jutjar
Corsican: ghjudicà
Extremaduran: hulgal
Old French: jugier
- French: juger
- Bourguignon: jugé
- Franc-Comtois: djudgie
- Norman: jugier, jugi (Jersey)
- → English: judge
Old Leonese: julgar, iulgar, iudgar, aiulgar, aiudgar
- Asturian: xulgar
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: julgar
  - Galician: xulgar
  - Portuguese: julgar
Old Galician-Portuguese: juygar
Friulian: judicâ
Italian: giudicare
- → Ladin: giudicher
- → Romansh: giudicar
- → Sardinian: giudicai, giudicare, giudigare, zudigare
Neapolitan: jodecare
Occitan: jutjar
Piedmontese: giudiché
Romanian: judeca, judecare
Romansh: giuditgar, giuditgear, güdichar
Sardinian: iudicare (medieval)
Sicilian: judicari
Spanish: juzgar
Venetan: xudegar
Walloon: djudjî
→ Albanian: gjykoj
→ English: judicate
→ Interlingua: judicar
→ Spanish: judicar

References

“iudico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“iudico”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
- to judge some one equitably: aequum iudicem se alicui praebere
- to conduct a person's case (said of an agent, solicitor): causam alicuius agere (apud iudicem)
- to decide on the conduct of the case: iudicare causam (de aliqua re)
- (ambiguous) to challenge, reject jurymen: iudices reicere (Verr. 3. 11. 28)