impleo

Latin

Alternative forms

inpleō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Latin pleō

Latin impleō

From in- + pleō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɪm.pɫe.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈim.ple.o]

Verb

impleō (present infinitive implēre, perfect active implēvī, supine implētum); second conjugation

to fill up or with, fill fully; cover, fulfill. (+ genitive, ablative, or accusative case)
Synonyms: expleō, repleō, suppleō, cumulō, compleō, stīpō, imbuō

Antonyms: exhauriō, dēpleō, dēfundō

alicuius rei implere ― to fill with something
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.30:
  Sīc effāta, sinum lacrimīs implēvit obortīs.
  Having spoken in this way, she filled her bosom with the tears which had arisen.
  (In other words, despite having just stated her resolve, Dido is now crying profusely.)
to satisfy, satiate
to make fat or fleshy, fill, fatten
to make pregnant, impregnate
to amount or fill up to
to fill up, take up
(figuratively) to complete, finish, fulfill, execute, end
Synonyms: perficiō, cōnficiō, absolvō, conclūdō, condō, agō, expleō, efficiō, patrō, cumulō, nāvō, exsequor, dēfungor, fungor, perpetrō, trānsigō, gerō, peragō, claudō, inclūdō, exhauriō
to perform an office, represent one’s post

Conjugation

Conjugation of impleō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	impleō	implēs		implet	implēmus	implētis		implent
	imperfect	implēbam	implēbās		implēbat	implēbāmus	implēbātis		implēbant
	future	implēbō	implēbis		implēbit	implēbimus	implēbitis		implēbunt
	perfect	implēvī	implēvistī, implēstī¹		implēvit, implēt¹	implēvimus, implēmus¹	implēvistis, implēstis¹		implēvērunt, implērunt, implēvēre¹
	pluperfect	implēveram, implēram¹	implēverās, implērās¹		implēverat, implērat¹	implēverāmus, implērāmus¹	implēverātis, implērātis¹		implēverant, implērant¹
	future perfect	implēverō, implērō¹	implēveris, implēris¹		implēverit, implērit¹	implēverimus, implērimus¹	implēveritis, implēritis¹		implēverint, implērint¹
passive	present	impleor	implēris, implēre		implētur	implēmur	implēminī		implentur
	imperfect	implēbar	implēbāris, implēbāre		implēbātur	implēbāmur	implēbāminī		implēbantur
	future	implēbor	implēberis, implēbere		implēbitur	implēbimur	implēbiminī		implēbuntur
	perfect	implētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	implētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	implētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	impleam	impleās		impleat	impleāmus	impleātis		impleant
	imperfect	implērem	implērēs		implēret	implērēmus	implērētis		implērent
	perfect	implēverim, implērim¹	implēverīs, implērīs¹		implēverit, implērit¹	implēverīmus, implērīmus¹	implēverītis, implērītis¹		implēverint, implērint¹
	pluperfect	implēvissem, implēssem¹	implēvissēs, implēssēs¹		implēvisset, implēsset¹	implēvissēmus, implēssēmus¹	implēvissētis, implēssētis¹		implēvissent, implēssent¹
passive	present	implear	impleāris, impleāre		impleātur	impleāmur	impleāminī		impleantur
	imperfect	implērer	implērēris, implērēre		implērētur	implērēmur	implērēminī		implērentur
	perfect	implētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	implētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	implē		—	—	implēte		—
active	future	—	implētō		implētō	—	implētōte		implentō
passive	present	—	implēre		—	—	implēminī		—
passive	future	—	implētor		implētor	—	—		implentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		implēre		implērī		implēns		—
future		implētūrum esse		implētum īrī		implētūrus		implendus
perfect		implēvisse, implēsse¹		implētum esse		—		implētus
future perfect		—		implētum fore		—		—
perfect potential		implētūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		implendī	implendō		implendum	implendō	implētum		implētū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: umpleari
- Romanian: umplea, împlea
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Dalmatian: emplar
Ibero-Romance (may also reflect *implĕre):
- Asturian: encher, incher
- Galician: encher
- Portuguese: encher
Borrowings:
- → English: implete (rare)

Reflexes of an assumed variant *implĕre:

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: ùmprere
Balkano-Romance:
- Romanian: umple, împle
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: émpiere
- Neapolitan: enchiere (Taranto)
- Sicilian: jìnchiri

Reflexes of an assumed variant *implīre:^[1]

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: ump(r)ìre, -i
Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: umpliri
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: empìre
- Venetan: inpir
Rhaeto-Romance:
- ⇒? Friulian: jemplâ
- Romansh: implir
Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: inpir
- Ligurian: impî
- Lombard: limpì
- Piedmontese: ampî
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: omplir, emplir (western)
- French: emplir
- Occitan: emplir
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: emplir
- Galician: fenchir
- Mirandese: anchir
- Old Spanish: enchir, fenchir
  - Ladino: inchir
  - Spanish: henchir

References

Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010), Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction, University of Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 106
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ĭmplēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 593

^ Grandgent, Charles Hall (1907), An Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Heath's Modern Language Series), D. C. Heath & Company, page 167