ceald

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *kald.

Cognates

Cognate with Old Frisian kald, Old Saxon kald, Old Dutch kalt, Old High German kalt, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).

Alternative forms

• cald — Anglian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃæ͜ɑld/, [t͡ʃæ͜ɑɫd]
• Rhymes: -æ͜ɑld

Adjective

ċeald (comparative ċealdra, superlative ċealdost) (West Saxon, Kentish)

1. cold
   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 18:18

     Þā þēowas and þā þeġnas stōdon æt þām glēdum and wiermdon hīe, for þām hit wæs ċeald.

     The slaves and the servants were standing at the coals and warming themselves, because it was cold.

   • Wonders of the East

     Þǣr syndan .II. sēaðas, ōðer sunnan ⁊ ōðer mōnan. Sē ðe sunnan is sē byð dæġes hāt ⁊ nihtes ċeald, ⁊ sē ðe mōnan is sē bið neahtes hāt ⁊ dæġes cald.

     There are two lakes there, one of the sun and the other of the moon. The one of the sun is hot during the day and cold at night, and the one of the moon is hot at night and cold during the day.

Declension

Declension of ċeald — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċeald	ċeald	ċeald
Accusative	ċealdne	ċealde	ċeald
Genitive	ċealdes	ċealdre	ċealdes
Dative	ċealdum	ċealdre	ċealdum
Instrumental	ċealde	ċealdre	ċealde
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċealde	ċealda, ċealde	ċeald
Accusative	ċealde	ċealda, ċealde	ċeald
Genitive	ċealdra	ċealdra	ċealdra
Dative	ċealdum	ċealdum	ċealdum
Instrumental	ċealdum	ċealdum	ċealdum

Declension of ċeald — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċealda	ċealde	ċealde
Accusative	ċealdan	ċealdan	ċealde
Genitive	ċealdan	ċealdan	ċealdan
Dative	ċealdan	ċealdan	ċealdan
Instrumental	ċealdan	ċealdan	ċealdan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ċealdan	ċealdan	ċealdan
Accusative	ċealdan	ċealdan	ċealdan
Genitive	ċealdra, ċealdena	ċealdra, ċealdena	ċealdra, ċealdena
Dative	ċealdum	ċealdum	ċealdum
Instrumental	ċealdum	ċealdum	ċealdum

Antonyms

• hāt

Derived terms

• ċealdnes (“coldness”)

Descendants

• Middle English: cold, coold, chald, cheald, cheld, schald (East Saxon, Kent, Southern), cald, calde (Early Middle English or Northern)
  • English: cold

    Geordie: cawd, cauld

    Ottawa Valley: cald, cowth

    West Riding: cowd

  • Scots: cald, cauld
  • Yola: coale, khoal, cole

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą.

Alternative forms

• cald — Anglian
• cyld

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃæ͜ɑld/, [t͡ʃæ͜ɑɫd]

Noun

ċeald n (West Saxon, Kentish)

1. cold, coldness
   • 10th century, The Seafarer:

     þonne hē be clifum cnossað. · Calde ġeþrungen
     wǣron mīne fēt, · forste ġebunden,
     caldum clommum, · þǣr þā ċeare sēofedun.
     Hāt ymb heortan · hungor innan slāt
     merewērġes mōd. · Þæt sē mon ne wāt

     then it beats near cliffs. My feet were
     squeezed by cold, bound by frost,
     with cold fetters, when there we bemoaned
     sorrows. Hot about heart, hunger within tore
     a sea-weary mind. The man didn't know that,

2. that which is cold

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ċeald	ċeald
accusative	ċeald	ċeald
genitive	ċealdes	ċealda
dative	ċealde	ċealdum

Descendants

• Middle English: cold, cald, chald
  • English: cold
  • Scots: cald

See also

• calan (“to be cold”)
• calian (“to be cold”)
• ċiele (“coldness, the cold”)