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bitter

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰidrós
Proto-Germanic *bitraz
Proto-West Germanic *bitr
Old English biter
Middle English bittre
English bitter

    From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite +‎ -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).

    Adjective

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    bitter (comparative more bitter or bitterer, superlative most bitter or bitterest)

    1. Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).
      The coffee tasted bitter.
      • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
        Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth […].
      • 2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, “The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel”, in Wired:
        A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.
    2. Harsh, piercing, acerbic or stinging.
      • 1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust, p.31 (Perennial paperback edition)
        It was at the end of February, […] when the world was cold, and a bitter wind howled down the moors […].
    3. Hateful or hostile.
      They're bitter enemies.
      • 2022 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Arsenal 3-1 Tottenham: Gunners show identity & direction in outstanding derby win”, in BBC Sport‎[1]:
        Tottenham have not won in the Premier League at Emirates Stadium for 12 years, with Arsenal losing just one of their last 29 home league games against their bitter rivals.
      • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:
        He inveighed against the folly of making oneself liable for the debts of others; vented many bitter execrations against the brother; and concluded with wishing something could be done for the unfortunate family.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Colossians 3:19:
        Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them.
    4. Cynical and resentful.
      I've been bitter ever since that defeat.
    Usage notes
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    • The comparative forms bitterer and bitterest are less common than their counterparts more bitter and most bitter.
    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    • (antonym(s) of “cynical and resentful”): optimistic
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Sranan Tongo: bita
    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked
    See also
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    Adverb

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    bitter (comparative more bitter, superlative most bitter)

    1. To an intense or severe degree; bitterly.
      • 2012, Mir Bahmanyar, Darby's Rangers 1942–45, page 26:
        A dynamic personality in the outfit, he met his death in the bitter-fought engagements in Venafro.
      • 2022, Ernest Haycox, The Complete Novels: Son of the West, Saddle and Ride, Action by Night, The Silver Desert, Bugles in the Afternoon:
        After that bitter-spoken warning, talk ceased outside […] .
      • 2022, Bec McMaster, Flames and Fated Mates: Six Seductive Fantasy Romance Novels:
        The dream of it ached, bitter and sharp, for that was all it was.
    Derived terms
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    Noun

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    bitter (countable and uncountable, plural bitters)

    1. (usually in the plural bitters) A liquid or powder, made from bitter herbs, used in mixed drinks or as a tonic.
      • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer:
        Thus I begin: "All is not gold that glitters,
        "Pleasure seems sweet, but proves a glass of bitters.
    2. A type of beer heavily flavored with hops.
    3. (nautical) A turn of a cable about the bitts.
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    See also
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    Basic tastes in English (layout · text)
    sweet sour salty bitter spicy savory
    sweet sour salty bitter spicy savory

    Verb

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    bitter (third-person singular simple present bitters, present participle bittering, simple past and past participle bittered)

    1. (archaic) To make bitter.
      • 1766, John Wilkinson, Tutamen Nauticum:
        bittered with the hop
    Translations
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    References

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    • “bitter”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

    Etymology 2

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    From bit +‎ -er.

    Noun

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    bitter (plural bitters)

    1. (computing, informal, in combination) A hardware system whose architecture is based around units of the specified number of bits (binary digits).
      • 1983, Computerworld, volume 17, number 49, page 21:
        However, 16-bitters are far more expensive than the 8-bit variety. And, unfortunately, have only a handful of business applications software packages that really take advantage of them.
      • 1984, Electronic Business, volume 10, page 154:
        The company believes that the 32-bit market will almost equal that of 16-bitters by the end of the decade. Chip maker Zilog Inc., not a major player in the 16-bit arena, is even more bullish about 32-bitters as it readies its own version for market.

    Afrikaans

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    Etymology

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    From Dutch bitter, from Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bitter (attributive bitter or bittere, comparative bitterder, superlative bitterste)

    1. bitter (having an acrid taste)
    2. very

    See also

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    Basic tastes in Afrikaans · smake (layout · text)
    sweet sour salty bitter spicy savory
    soet suur sout bitter skerp -

    Danish

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed from Middle Low German bitter.

    Adjective

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    bitter (neuter bittert, plural and definite singular attributive bitre)

    1. bitter (all meanings)
    Inflection
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    Inflection of bitter
    positive comparative superlative
    indefinite common singular bitter bitrere bitrest2
    indefinite neuter singular bittert bitrere bitrest2
    plural bitre bitrere bitrest2
    definite attributive1 bitre bitrere bitreste

    1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
    the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
    2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

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    See also

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    Basic tastes in Danish (layout · text)
    sweet sour salty bitter spicy savory
    sød sur salt bitter stærk umami

    Etymology 2

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    A nominalization of the adjective.

    Noun

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    bitter c (singular definite bitteren, plural indefinite bittere)

    1. bitter (the liquid used in drinks)
    2. A bitter form of an aquavit
    Inflection
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    Declension of bitter
    common
    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative bitter bitteren bittere bitterne
    genitive bitters bitterens bitteres bitternes

    Etymology 3

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    Borrowed from English bitter.

    Noun

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    bitter c

    1. bitter (type of beer - only known generally in Denmark for a few years)

    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bitter (comparative bitterder, superlative bitterst)

    1. bitter (having an acrid taste)
    2. bitter, embittered

    Declension

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    Declension of bitter
    uninflected bitter
    inflected bittere
    comparative bitterder
    positive comparative superlative
    predicative/adverbial bitter bitterder het bitterst
    het bitterste
    indefinite m./f. sing. bittere bitterdere bitterste
    n. sing. bitter bitterder bitterste
    plural bittere bitterdere bitterste
    definite bittere bitterdere bitterste
    partitive bitters bitterders —

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    See also

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    Noun

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    bitter m or n (plural bitters, diminutive bittertje n)

    1. bitters, a type of strong spirits made by steeping (often bitter) herbs in brandy or jenever, traditionally considered a digestive drink
      Synonym: kruidenbitter
      Zonder zijn gebruikelijke bittertje om vier uur voelde Opa zich niet lekker. ― Without his regular shot of bitter at four o'clock, Grandpa wouldn't feel well.

    Usage notes

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    When used in a countable sense (a serving of bitter), the diminutive is the usual form.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    Finnish

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    Etymology

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    From English bitter.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈbiter/, [ˈbit̪e̞r]
    • IPA(key): /ˈbitːer/, [ˈbit̪ːe̞r]
    • Rhymes: -itːer
    • Syllabification(key): bit‧ter
    • Hyphenation(key): bit‧ter

    Noun

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    bitter

    1. bitter (type of beer)

    Declension

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    Inflection of bitter (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
    nominative bitter bitterit
    genitive bitterin bitterien
    bittereiden
    bittereitten
    partitive bitteriä bittereitä
    bitterejä
    illative bitteriin bittereihin
    singular plural
    nominative bitter bitterit
    accusative nom. bitter bitterit
    gen. bitterin
    genitive bitterin bitterien
    bittereiden
    bittereitten
    partitive bitteriä bittereitä
    bitterejä
    inessive bitterissä bittereissä
    elative bitteristä bittereistä
    illative bitteriin bittereihin
    adessive bitterillä bittereillä
    ablative bitteriltä bittereiltä
    allative bitterille bittereille
    essive bitterinä bittereinä
    translative bitteriksi bittereiksi
    abessive bitterittä bittereittä
    instructive — bitterein
    comitative See the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms of bitter (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative bitterini bitterini
    accusative nom. bitterini bitterini
    gen. bitterini
    genitive bitterini bitterieni
    bittereideni
    bittereitteni
    partitive bitteriäni bittereitäni
    bitterejäni
    inessive bitterissäni bittereissäni
    elative bitteristäni bittereistäni
    illative bitteriini bittereihini
    adessive bitterilläni bittereilläni
    ablative bitteriltäni bittereiltäni
    allative bitterilleni bittereilleni
    essive bitterinäni bittereinäni
    translative bitterikseni bittereikseni
    abessive bitterittäni bittereittäni
    instructive — —
    comitative — bittereineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative bitterisi bitterisi
    accusative nom. bitterisi bitterisi
    gen. bitterisi
    genitive bitterisi bitteriesi
    bittereidesi
    bittereittesi
    partitive bitteriäsi bittereitäsi
    bitterejäsi
    inessive bitterissäsi bittereissäsi
    elative bitteristäsi bittereistäsi
    illative bitteriisi bittereihisi
    adessive bitterilläsi bittereilläsi
    ablative bitteriltäsi bittereiltäsi
    allative bitterillesi bittereillesi
    essive bitterinäsi bittereinäsi
    translative bitteriksesi bittereiksesi
    abessive bitterittäsi bittereittäsi
    instructive — —
    comitative — bittereinesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative bitterimme bitterimme
    accusative nom. bitterimme bitterimme
    gen. bitterimme
    genitive bitterimme bitteriemme
    bittereidemme
    bittereittemme
    partitive bitteriämme bittereitämme
    bitterejämme
    inessive bitterissämme bittereissämme
    elative bitteristämme bittereistämme
    illative bitteriimme bittereihimme
    adessive bitterillämme bittereillämme
    ablative bitteriltämme bittereiltämme
    allative bitterillemme bittereillemme
    essive bitterinämme bittereinämme
    translative bitteriksemme bittereiksemme
    abessive bitterittämme bittereittämme
    instructive — —
    comitative — bittereinemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative bitterinne bitterinne
    accusative nom. bitterinne bitterinne
    gen. bitterinne
    genitive bitterinne bitterienne
    bittereidenne
    bittereittenne
    partitive bitteriänne bittereitänne
    bitterejänne
    inessive bitterissänne bittereissänne
    elative bitteristänne bittereistänne
    illative bitteriinne bittereihinne
    adessive bitterillänne bittereillänne
    ablative bitteriltänne bittereiltänne
    allative bitterillenne bittereillenne
    essive bitterinänne bittereinänne
    translative bitteriksenne bittereiksenne
    abessive bitterittänne bittereittänne
    instructive — —
    comitative — bittereinenne
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative bitterinsä bitterinsä
    accusative nom. bitterinsä bitterinsä
    gen. bitterinsä
    genitive bitterinsä bitteriensä
    bittereidensä
    bittereittensä
    partitive bitteriään
    bitteriänsä     		bittereitään
    bitterejään
    bittereitänsä
    bitterejänsä
    inessive bitterissään
    bitterissänsä     		bittereissään
    bittereissänsä
    elative bitteristään
    bitteristänsä     		bittereistään
    bittereistänsä
    illative bitteriinsä bittereihinsä
    adessive bitterillään
    bitterillänsä     		bittereillään
    bittereillänsä
    ablative bitteriltään
    bitteriltänsä     		bittereiltään
    bittereiltänsä
    allative bitterilleen
    bitterillensä     		bittereilleen
    bittereillensä
    essive bitterinään
    bitterinänsä     		bittereinään
    bittereinänsä
    translative bitterikseen
    bitteriksensä     		bittereikseen
    bittereiksensä
    abessive bitterittään
    bitterittänsä     		bittereittään
    bittereittänsä
    instructive — —
    comitative — bittereineen
    bittereinensä

    Further reading

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    French

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    bitter

    1. (transitive, slang) to understand, usually used in negative form and especially with rien
      Synonym: comprendre
      J’ai rien bitté au cours.
      I got nothing of the class

    Conjugation

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    Conjugation of bitter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
    infinitive simple bitter
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle or gerund1 simple bittant
    /bi.tɑ̃/
    compound ayant + past participle
    past participle bitté
    /bi.te/
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present bitte
    /bit/     		bittes
    /bit/     		bitte
    /bit/     		bittons
    /bi.tɔ̃/     		bittez
    /bi.te/     		bittent
    /bit/
    imperfect bittais
    /bi.tɛ/     		bittais
    /bi.tɛ/     		bittait
    /bi.tɛ/     		bittions
    /bi.tjɔ̃/     		bittiez
    /bi.tje/     		bittaient
    /bi.tɛ/
    past historic2 bittai
    /bi.te/     		bittas
    /bi.ta/     		bitta
    /bi.ta/     		bittâmes
    /bi.tam/     		bittâtes
    /bi.tat/     		bittèrent
    /bi.tɛʁ/
    future bitterai
    /bi.tʁe/     		bitteras
    /bi.tʁa/     		bittera
    /bi.tʁa/     		bitterons
    /bi.tʁɔ̃/     		bitterez
    /bi.tʁe/     		bitteront
    /bi.tʁɔ̃/
    conditional bitterais
    /bi.tʁɛ/     		bitterais
    /bi.tʁɛ/     		bitterait
    /bi.tʁɛ/     		bitterions
    /bi.tə.ʁjɔ̃/     		bitteriez
    /bi.tə.ʁje/     		bitteraient
    /bi.tʁɛ/
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present bitte
    /bit/     		bittes
    /bit/     		bitte
    /bit/     		bittions
    /bi.tjɔ̃/     		bittiez
    /bi.tje/     		bittent
    /bit/
    imperfect2 bittasse
    /bi.tas/     		bittasses
    /bi.tas/     		bittât
    /bi.ta/     		bittassions
    /bi.ta.sjɔ̃/     		bittassiez
    /bi.ta.sje/     		bittassent
    /bi.tas/
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — bitte
    /bit/     		— bittons
    /bi.tɔ̃/     		bittez
    /bi.te/     		—
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
    2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
    past historic → present perfect
    past anterior → pluperfect
    imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
    pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

    (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

    Further reading

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    German

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    Etymology

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    From Middle High German bitter, pitter, from Old High German bittar, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    A user suggests that this German entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “entry lacks contracted forms like bittren = bitteren, bittrer = bitterer, bittrere = bitterere”.
    Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

    bitter (strong nominative masculine singular bitterer, comparative bitterer, superlative am bittersten)

    1. bitter

    Declension

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    Positive forms of bitter
    number & gender singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    predicative er ist bitter sie ist bitter es ist bitter sie sind bitter
    strong declension
    (without article)     		nominative bitterer bittere bitteres bittere
    genitive bitteren bitterer bitteren bitterer
    dative bitterem bitterer bitterem bitteren
    accusative bitteren bittere bitteres bittere
    weak declension
    (with definite article)     		nominative der bittere die bittere das bittere die bitteren
    genitive des bitteren der bitteren des bitteren der bitteren
    dative dem bitteren der bitteren dem bitteren den bitteren
    accusative den bitteren die bittere das bittere die bitteren
    mixed declension
    (with indefinite article)     		nominative ein bitterer eine bittere ein bitteres (keine) bitteren
    genitive eines bitteren einer bitteren eines bitteren (keiner) bitteren
    dative einem bitteren einer bitteren einem bitteren (keinen) bitteren
    accusative einen bitteren eine bittere ein bitteres (keine) bitteren
    Comparative forms of bitter
    number & gender singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    predicative er ist bitterer sie ist bitterer es ist bitterer sie sind bitterer
    strong declension
    (without article)     		nominative bittererer bitterere bittereres bitterere
    genitive bittereren bittererer bittereren bittererer
    dative bittererem bittererer bittererem bittereren
    accusative bittereren bitterere bittereres bitterere
    weak declension
    (with definite article)     		nominative der bitterere die bitterere das bitterere die bittereren
    genitive des bittereren der bittereren des bittereren der bittereren
    dative dem bittereren der bittereren dem bittereren den bittereren
    accusative den bittereren die bitterere das bitterere die bittereren
    mixed declension
    (with indefinite article)     		nominative ein bittererer eine bitterere ein bittereres (keine) bittereren
    genitive eines bittereren einer bittereren eines bittereren (keiner) bittereren
    dative einem bittereren einer bittereren einem bittereren (keinen) bittereren
    accusative einen bittereren eine bitterere ein bittereres (keine) bittereren
    Superlative forms of bitter
    number & gender singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    predicative er ist am bittersten sie ist am bittersten es ist am bittersten sie sind am bittersten
    strong declension
    (without article)     		nominative bitterster bitterste bitterstes bitterste
    genitive bittersten bitterster bittersten bitterster
    dative bitterstem bitterster bitterstem bittersten
    accusative bittersten bitterste bitterstes bitterste
    weak declension
    (with definite article)     		nominative der bitterste die bitterste das bitterste die bittersten
    genitive des bittersten der bittersten des bittersten der bittersten
    dative dem bittersten der bittersten dem bittersten den bittersten
    accusative den bittersten die bitterste das bitterste die bittersten
    mixed declension
    (with indefinite article)     		nominative ein bitterster eine bitterste ein bitterstes (keine) bittersten
    genitive eines bittersten einer bittersten eines bittersten (keiner) bittersten
    dative einem bittersten einer bittersten einem bittersten (keinen) bittersten
    accusative einen bittersten eine bitterste ein bitterstes (keine) bittersten

    Coordinate terms

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    Derived terms

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    See also

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    Basic tastes in German (layout · text)
    sweet sour salty bitter spicy savory
    süß sauer salzig bitter scharf herzhaft

    Adverb

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    bitter

    1. bitterly
      Synonym: verbittert

    Further reading

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    Italian

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    Etymology

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    Pseudo-anglicism, a clipping of English bitters.

    Noun

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    bitter m (invariable)

    1. bitters

    Middle Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bitter

    1. bitter (taste)
    2. sad, painful

    Inflection

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    This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr.

    Adjective

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    bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrere, indefinite superlative bitrest, definite superlative bitreste)

    1. bitter

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr.

    Adjective

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    bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrare, indefinite superlative bitrast, definite superlative bitraste)

    1. bitter

    References

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    Old Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

    Adjective

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    bitter

    1. bitter

    Inflection

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    Declension of bitter (a-stem)
    strong declension
    case masculine feminine neuter plural
    nominative bitter bitter bitter bittera, bittere
    accusative bitteran, bitteren bittera bitter bittera, bittere
    genitive bitteres bitterero bitteres bitterero
    dative bitterin, bitteremo bitterero bitterin, bitteremo bitteron
    weak declension
    case masculine feminine neuter plural
    nominative bittero bittera bittera bitteron
    accusative bitteron bitteron bittera bitteron
    genitive bitterin bitteron bitterin bitterono
    dative bitterin bitteron bitterin bitteron

    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    • “bitter”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

    Old English

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    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bitter

    1. alternative form of biter

    Declension

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    Declension of bitter — Strong
    Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative bitter bitteru, bitru, bittero, bitro bitter
    Accusative bitterne bittere, bitre bitter
    Genitive bitteres, bitres bitterre bitteres, bitres
    Dative bitterum, bitrum bitterre bitterum, bitrum
    Instrumental bittere, bitre bitterre bittere, bitre
    Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative bittere, bitre bittera, bitra, bittere, bitre bitteru, bitru, bittero, bitro
    Accusative bittere, bitre bittera, bitra, bittere, bitre bitteru, bitru, bittero, bitro
    Genitive bitterra bitterra bitterra
    Dative bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum
    Instrumental bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum
    Declension of bitter — Weak
    Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative bittera, bitra bittere, bitre bittere, bitre
    Accusative bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran bittere, bitre
    Genitive bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran
    Dative bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran
    Instrumental bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran
    Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
    Nominative bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran
    Accusative bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran bitteran, bitran
    Genitive bitterra, bitterena, bitrena bitterra, bitterena, bitrena bitterra, bitterena, bitrena
    Dative bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum
    Instrumental bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum bitterum, bitrum

    Old High German

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    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bitter

    1. alternative form of bittar

    References

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    • Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

    Swedish

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    Etymology

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    From Old Norse bitr (partly through the influence of Middle Low German bitter), from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bitter (comparative bittrare, superlative bittrast)

    1. bitter; having an acrid taste
    2. bitter; hateful
    3. bitter; resentful

    Declension

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    Inflection of bitter
    Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
    common singular bitter bittrare bittrast
    neuter singular bittert bittrare bittrast
    plural bittra bittrare bittrast
    masculine plural2 bittre bittrare bittrast
    Definite positive comparative superlative
    masculine singular3 bittre bittrare bittraste
    all bittra bittrare bittraste

    1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
    2 Dated or archaic.
    3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

    See also

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    References

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    Anagrams

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