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binden

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Binden

Dutch

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Etymology

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    From Middle Dutch binden, from Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈbɪndə(n)/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: bin‧den
    • Rhymes: -ɪndən

    Verb

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    binden

    1. (transitive) to tie
    2. (transitive) to wrap
    3. (transitive) to bind (generally, legally/contractually)
    4. (intransitive) to bind, to thicken (of food)

    Conjugation

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    Conjugation of binden (strong class 3a)
    infinitive binden
    past singular bond
    past participle gebonden
    infinitive binden
    gerund binden n
    present tense past tense
    1st person singular bind bond
    2nd person sing. (jij) bindt, bind2 bond
    2nd person sing. (u) bindt bond
    2nd person sing. (gij) bindt bondt
    3rd person singular bindt bond
    plural binden bonden
    subjunctive sing.1 binde bonde
    subjunctive plur.1 binden bonden
    imperative sing. bind
    imperative plur.1 bindt
    participles bindend gebonden
    1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Afrikaans: bind
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi
    • Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin

    German

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    Etymology

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      From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, binden, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.

      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)

      1. (transitive) to bind, to tie, to fasten something by means of a string etc.
        Er hat den Hund an den Zaun gebunden.
        He's bound the dog to the fence.
        Aus den Zweigen binde ich einen Kranz.
        From the twigs I’ll bind a wreath.
        ein Buch bindento bind a book
      2. (transitive) to tie, to fasten a string etc.
        Ich binde mir die Schuhe.I'm tying my shoes.
        Sie hat sich einen Zopf gebunden.
        She's tied her hair into a ponytail.
        Er hat sich einen Schal um den Hals gebunden.
        He's tied a scarf around his neck.
      3. (transitive, often passive voice) to oblige, commit, bind
        Mein Vertrag bindet mich.My contract binds me.
        Ich bin vertraglich gebunden.I'm bound by a contract.
      4. (reflexive) to commit oneself, make a commitment (especially for marriage)
      5. (transitive) to make congeal, thicken, set, bond
      6. (transitive, of substances) to capture; to absorb (carbon dioxide etc.)
      7. (intransitive, of substances) to congeal, thicken, set, bond
      8. (phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison
        Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.
        There is no liaison with French singular nouns.

      Conjugation

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      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • binden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
      • binden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
      • binden” in Duden online
      • binden” in OpenThesaurus.de

      Middle Dutch

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      Etymology

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        From Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.

        Verb

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        binden

        1. To bind, tie.
        2. To tie up.
        3. To bind (to an obligation).

        Inflection

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        Conjugation of binden (strong class 3)
        infinitive base form binden
        genitive bindens
        dative bindene
        indicative subjunctive
        present past present past
        1st person singular binde bant binde bonde
        2nd person singular bints, bindes bonts, bondes bints, bindes bondes
        3rd person singular bint, bindet bant binde bonde
        1st person plural binden bonden binden bonden
        2nd person plural bint, bindet bont, bondet bint, bindet bondet
        3rd person plural binden bonden binden bonden
        imperative
        singular bint, binde
        plural bint, bindet
        present past
        participle bindende gebonden

        Derived terms

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        Descendants

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        Further reading

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        Middle English

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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          From Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /ˈbiːndən/, /ˈbindən/

          Verb

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          binden

          1. To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening.
          2. To wrap; to enclose in wrapping.
          3. To secure, strengthen; to make strong:
            1. To tie up; to strengthen with a knot.
            2. To connect or link (especially by binding):
            3. (figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure.
            4. (figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument.
          4. To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
            1. To restrain a captive; to jail.
            2. To enslave, subordinate, or force.
            3. To enrapture or captivate.
            4. (rare) To take into apprenticeship or training.
          5. To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement:
            1. To enter into a marital relationship; to marry.
            2. (rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex.
          6. To force or compel (to perform an action):
            1. To obligate; to be forced by societal pressure.
            2. To force (into) a socially binding obligation or agreement.
            3. To mete out or proscribe penalties.
            4. To combine; to join; to make one.
          7. To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on.
          8. To evacuate; to induce constipation.
          9. To unify or join; to make one.
          10. To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal.
          11. (rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself.
          12. (rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up)

          Usage notes

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          This verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or /a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tense bound demonstrates the completion of this levelling.

          Conjugation

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          Conjugation of binden (strong class 3)
          infinitive (to) binden, binde
          present tense past tense
          1st-person singular binde band
          2nd-person singular bindest bounde1, bonde1
          3rd-person singular bindeth band
          subjunctive singular binde bounde2, bonde2
          imperative singular
          plural3 binden, binde bounden, bounde, bonden, bonde
          imperative plural bindeth, binde
          participles bindynge, bindende bounden, bounde, ybounden, ybounde

          1 Later replaced by the 1st-/3rd-person singular or bandest.
          2 Later replaced by the indicative.
          3 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

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          Descendants

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          References

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          Middle High German

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          Etymology

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            Inherited from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. Cognate with Dutch binden and English bind.

            Pronunciation

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            • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈbindən/

            Verb

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            binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense bant, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bünde, auxiliary hān)

            1. to bind

            Conjugation

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            Descendants

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            References

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            • Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “binden”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

            Middle Low German

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            Etymology

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            From Old Saxon bindan (to bind), from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną.

            Pronunciation

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            • (originally) IPA(key): /bɪndən/

            Verb

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            binden

            1. To bind.

            Conjugation

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            Conjugation of binden as a class 3a strong verb
            plain infinitive binden
            full infinitive (gerund) tô bindene or tô bindende
            verbal noun binden or bindent
            participles imperative
            present bindende singular bint
            past gebunden plural bindet
            indicative subjunctive
            present preterite present preterite
            1st person singular binde bant binde bünde
            2nd person singular bindest or bintst bundest or bündest bindest bündest
            3rd person singular bindet or bint bant bindet bünde
            plural binden (bindet?) bunden or bünden binden bünden

            Descendants

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