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-in-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "in"

A user has added this entry to requests for deletion⁽⁺⁾.

Please see that page for discussion and justifications beyond the initial comment of: “There is no -in- in English. The -in- in these words comes from an oblique form of a Latin word. For example, English altitudinal comes from Latin altitūdin-, the oblique stem of the third declension Latin altitūdō. Likewise, English pulchritudinous comes from Latin pulchritūdin-, the oblique stem of Latin pulchritūdō.”. You may continue to edit this entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

English

Etymology

From the oblique stem of Latin -tūdō being -tūdin-.

Interfix

-in-

An epenthetic syllable inserted before Latinate suffixes appended to nouns ending with -itude or -tude.

Derived terms

Category English terms interfixed with -in- not found

Cebuano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-.

Infix

-in-

Added to mostly noun roots but also verb roots.
1. in the manner of
  Synonym: -in- -ay
  
  ‎igsuon (“sibling”) → ‎inigsuon (“brotherly, sisterly”)
  
  ‎kabayo (“horse”) → ‎kinabayo (“in the manner of a horse”)
2. Forms language names.
  ‎Bisaya (“Bisaya person”) → ‎Binisaya (“Bisaya (Cebuano) language”)
  
  ‎Ingles (“Englishman”) → ‎Iningles (“English language”)
Added to verb roots conjugated with -on or i-, forming nouns.
1. something done by the action of the root
  ‎hatag (“give”) → ‎hinatag (“something given, gift”)
2. something put somewhere or in something
  ‎asin (“salt”) → ‎inasin (“something salted”)

Derived terms

Cebuano terms infixed with -in-

References

John U. Wolff (1972), A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎^[1] (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pages 378-379

Esperanto

Interfix

-in-

Root form of -ino

Further reading

“-in”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
“-in”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Ido

Suffix

-in-

Root form of -ino

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay -in-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-. Doublet of di-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɪn]
Hyphenation: in

Infix

-in- (no longer productive)

a product or result of something
implies a perpetuation of action; continuous

Derived terms

Indonesian terms infixed with -in-

Further reading

“-in-”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-. Doublet of di-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-in-/
Hyphenation: -in-

Infix

-in- (Jawi spelling ـينـ) (no longer productive)

product of
‎batang (“rod, stick, stalk”) + ‎-in- → ‎binatang (“animal”)
continuous
‎sambung (“to continue”) + ‎-in- → ‎sinambung (“to continue”)

Derived terms

Malay terms infixed with -in-

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-.

Infix

-in-

passive voice marker

Derived terms

Old Javanese terms infixed with -in-

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /in/ [ɪn̪]
Syllabification: -in-

Infix

-in- (Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔)

forms the complete aspect in all triggers except the active trigger
Kinain ko ang mangga. (patient trigger)
I ate the mango. (mango is focused)

Pinuntahan namin ang palengke. (locative trigger)
We went to the market. (market is focused)
(with CV- reduplication): forms the progressive aspect in all triggers except in the active trigger
Kinakain ko ang mangga.
I eat/am eating the mango.

Usage notes

In words that start with a vowel, the prefix in- is used instead.
In words that start with an ⟨l⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨y⟩, or sometimes ⟨w⟩, the prefix ni- may be used.
In loan words or unassimilated foreign words that begin with a consonant cluster, the infix may be added after the first consonant (1) or after the consonant cluster (2). Some prefer using the prefix ni- instead (3).
(1) tinrabaho

(2) trinabaho

(3) nitrabaho

Derived terms

Tagalog terms infixed with -in-

kinamiyerkolesan

pinagsamantalahan

pinagsasamantalahan

pinapaletadahan

pinapalitadahan

Anagrams

ni

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