Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss
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The moss project seeks to find and remove the furry green typos that have been growing on Wikipedia articles. It uses a Python script named moss and written by User:Beland to automatically find misspellings, mistakes in English grammar, violations of the Wikipedia:Manual of Style, and confusing or broken wiki markup.
QUICK LINK TO THE BEST PAGE FOR NEW PARTICIPANTS
About misspellings
[edit]How the lists are made
[edit]The moss spell checker is run against a recent set of database dumps, which are generated on the 1st and 20th of every month (but take a few days to process). All the articles in the English Wikipedia are examined. The following are ignored:
- Text inside references, templates, tables, quotation marks, sections like "External links" and "Works", and some other weird places.
- Capitalized words (which are presumed to be correctly-spelled proper nouns)
- Words that appear in titles in the English Wiktionary (which has definitions of all words in all languages, excluding proper nouns and systematic words like chemical names and large numbers)
- Words that appear in titles in the English Wikipedia (which explains some things that don't appear in the dictionary)
- Words that appear in titles in the English Wikispecies (which has many technical words that do not appear in the dictionary or encyclopedia)
Many mistakes are not (yet) caught:
- Improper addition of 's (possessives are not added to Wiktionary, so these are excluded systematically)
- Incorrect capitalization
- Incorrect multi-word phrases
- Wrong word used in context
- Non-English language words not tagged with {{lang}} or where an English misspelling happens to be the same as a word in another language. (These are counted as correct spellings if they are in the English Wiktionary, which lists words in all languages – only the definitions are restricted to English.)
- Other situations listed in #False negatives below
2025 statistics
[edit]- See Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/Archive § Statistics for older statistics.
| Dump (moss version) | Parse failures (articles + articles with MOS:STRAIGHT violations) | TOTAL (instances) | A | BC | BW | C | D | H | HB | HL | L | ME | N | P | T/ | T1 | TE | TF | TS | U | Z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 01-01 | (no dump due to Wikimedia Foundation server capacity problems) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025-01-23 (20ac4d6) | 168683 + 30245 | 1180301 | 10338 | 60901 | 534767 | 8655 | 0 | 1566 | 8091 | 91 | 1870 | 175344 | 1927 | 1 | 2035 | 44018 | 6027 | 200986 | 106427 | 1192 | 16065 |
| 2025-02-01 (e296153) | (moss run failed) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025-02-20 (53e8d2c) | 168810 + 30281 | 1180922 | 10359 | 60809 | 534902 | 8672 | 0 | 1608 | 8439 | 97 | 1867 | 175334 | 1937 | 3 | 2048 | 43573 | 5910 | 201167 | 106801 | 1188 | 16208 |
| 2025-03-01 (2953d85) | 168893 + 30305 | 1181389 | 10363 | 60909 | 535235 | 8691 | 0 | 1608 | 8099 | 96 | 1870 | 175298 | 1937 | 3 | 2056 | 43729 | 5891 | 201066 | 107087 | 1194 | 16257 |
| 2025-03-20 (6382ec5) | 168984 + 30360 | 1181890 | 10267 | 61212 | 535101 | 8715 | 0 | 1577 | 8324 | 98 | 1852 | 175420 | 1947 | 2 | 2034 | 44119 | 5850 | 200574 | 107301 | 1183 | 16314 |
| 2025-04-01 (780a2c9) | 168278 + 30641 | 1090186 | 10251 | 61112 | 454495 | 8697 | 0 | 1566 | 8515 | 98 | 1745 | 172992 | 1859 | 2 | 2006 | 42919 | 5786 | 196417 | 104200 | 1189 | 16337 |
| 2025-04-20 (1b93eb1) | 167900 + 30691 | 1092809 | 10254 | 61319 | 454549 | 8711 | 0 | 1577 | 8704 | 97 | 1752 | 173442 | 1868 | 2 | 2000 | 43396 | 5806 | 197551 | 104142 | 1196 | 16443 |
| 2025-05-01 (53f04b1) | 167324 + 30739 | 1094546 | 10264 | 61332 | 454744 | 8698 | 0 | 1578 | 9874 | 99 | 1764 | 173612 | 1860 | 2 | 2007 | 43722 | 5723 | 197325 | 104191 | 1202 | 16549 |
| 2025-05-20 (d617229) | 167308 + 30737 | 1097687 | 10279 | 61843 | 454717 | 8712 | 0 | 1558 | 11845 | 98 | 1773 | 173722 | 1861 | 1 | 2015 | 43902 | 5743 | 197492 | 104278 | 1207 | 16641 |
| 2025-06-01 (4a33e88) | 167226 + 30770 | 1099584 | 10299 | 61342 | 454909 | 8720 | 0 | 1551 | 12838 | 94 | 1776 | 173987 | 1874 | 2 | 2003 | 44213 | 5749 | 197839 | 104473 | 1200 | 16715 |
| 2025-06-20 (d135cc3) | 167235 + 30783 | 1097629 | 10304 | 60920 | 455165 | 8760 | 0 | 1559 | 12963 | 91 | 1797 | 173351 | 1874 | 2 | 2003 | 42544 | 5752 | 198319 | 104212 | 1201 | 16812 |
| 2025-07-01 (64ffa58) | 167099 + 30807 | 1095712 | 10325 | 61602 | 455212 | 8755 | 0 | 1568 | 12941 | 93 | 1801 | 172053 | 1865 | 3 | 2015 | 40542 | 5726 | 199242 | 103891 | 1194 | 16884 |
| 2025-07-20 (ecde6db) | 167053 + 30858 | 1093800 | 10287 | 61793 | 455081 | 8734 | 0 | 1592 | 14011 | 96 | 1794 | 171021 | 1869 | 1 | 2027 | 39432 | 5734 | 198801 | 103406 | 1181 | 16940 |
| Dump (moss version) | Parse failures (articles + articles with MOS:STRAIGHT violations) | TOTAL (instances) | A | BC | BW | CF | CN | D | H | HB | HL | L | ME | N | P | T/ | T1 | TE | TF | TS | U | Z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-08-01 (55a2745) | 166998 + 30869 | 1111587 | 10293 | 61187 | 454263 | 20616 | 8800 | 0 | 1612 | 12977 | 91 | 1787 | 171016 | 1868 | 1 | 2026 | 39614 | 5397 | 199078 | 102816 | 1179 | 16966 |
| 2025-08-20 | (moss run failed due to User-Agent and SQL changes on the Wikimedia side) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025-09-01 | (moss run failed due to User-Agent and SQL changes on the Wikimedia side) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025-09-20 (4956922) | 166976 + 30865 | 1112600 | 10293 | 60855 | 455261 | 19332 | 8815 | 0 | 1657 | 13291 | 105 | 1776 | 171365 | 1852 | 1 | 2015 | 39860 | 5417 | 199558 | 102978 | 1155 | 17014 |
| 2025-10-01 (3433bca) | 167198 + 30616 | 1113950 | 10241 | 60834 | 455545 | 19322 | 8825 | 0 | 1669 | 13346 | 106 | 1782 | 171589 | 1845 | 3 | 2020 | 39946 | 5414 | 200105 | 103179 | 1155 | 17024 |
| 2025-10-20 (d4072dd) | 167411 + 30418 | 1114658 | 10266 | 60670 | 455987 | 19330 | 8789 | 0 | 1684 | 13159 | 106 | 1781 | 171472 | 1847 | 1 | 1978 | 39961 | 5304 | 200348 | 103702 | 1153 | 17120 |
| 2025-11-01 (160e01b) | 167359 + 30466 | 1113487 | 10247 | 60456 | 455805 | 19290 | 8805 | 0 | 1669 | 13112 | 106 | 1789 | 171306 | 1833 | 1 | 1972 | 39863 | 5311 | 200352 | 103232 | 1156 | 17182 |
| 2025-11-20 (6d3e10e) | 167295 + 30538 | 1114782 | 10217 | 60972 | 455718 | 19319 | 8828 | 0 | 1705 | 13408 | 107 | 1790 | 171149 | 1818 | 0 | 1975 | 40085 | 5292 | 200897 | 103120 | 1152 | 17230 |
| 2025-12-01 (3f2707e) | 167270 + 30543 | 1115260 | 10216 | 59673 | 455787 | 19331 | 8865 | 2 | 1694 | 13371 | 106 | 1798 | 171511 | 1829 | 1 | 1975 | 40243 | 5315 | 201909 | 103106 | 1142 | 17386 |
| 2025-12-20 (303df6e) | 167329 + 30600 | 1116285 | 10210 | 59975 | 455656 | 19357 | 8856 | 0 | 1711 | 13519 | 103 | 1794 | 171759 | 1841 | 0 | 1973 | 40015 | 5297 | 202155 | 103424 | 1137 | 17503 |
Typo classification legend
[edit]| Reporting symbol | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Parse failure | Mismatched punctuation; spell checker is unsure which words to ignore, so the whole page is skipped |
| A | mAth |
| BC | Bad Characters (not allowed by Manual of Style) |
| BW | Bad Words (not allowed by Manual of Style) |
| C | Chemistry words (CF = chemical formula, CN = chemical name) |
| D | DNA sequence |
| H | HTML/XML/SGML tag |
| HB | Known bad HTML tag, like <font> |
| HL | Bad HTML-like linking, like <http://...> |
| L | Probable Romanization (transLiteration) |
| ME | Probable coMpound, English (with and without dash) - need to be added to Wiktionary |
| N | A-Z plus numbers and hyphens |
| P | Patterns (e.g. rhyme schemes - Beland fixes these) |
| T/ | Suspected MOS:SLASH violation |
| T1 | Edit distance 1 from common English word |
| TE | AI thinks it's trying to be English |
| TF | AI thinks it's trying to be a non-English language (Foreign to English Wikipedia), sorted by language (e.g. TF+el) |
| TS | Missing or extra whitespace or dash (or new compound). Currently included if there is a period (TS+DOT), comma (TS+COMMA), or extra space (TS+EXTRA). Missing bracket (TS+BRACKET) needs code improvements to be reliable, and the remainder of TS need sorting. |
| U | URL |
| Z | Decimal fraction missing leading Zero |
| I | Definitely not English (International) due to accents or mixed with punctuation (other than hyphen) |
| MI | Probable coMpound, non-English (International) in English Wiktionary (both A-Z and non-ASCII characters, with and without dash) |
| ML | Probable coMpound, transLiteration |
| MW | Probable coMpound, found in non-English Wiktionary |
| R | Regular word (A-Z only) not near a common English word |
| T2 | Edit distance 2 from common English word |
| T3 | Edit distance 3 from common English word |
| W | Not in English Wiktionary, in non-English Wiktionary |
- red = Probably need to fix
- yellow = Unsorted - need code improvements to sort into likely vs. unlikely typos or subtypes that can be usefully processed.
- blue = Probably OK (but may need to verify)
- bold = actively working on fixing
- grey = no longer used
Instructions for editors
[edit]Just like a regular spell checker, sometimes a word that's highlighted is really a misspelling and should be changed, but sometimes it is a correct spelling that needs to be added to the spell checker's dictionary (which in this case is the English Wiktionary and Wikispecies). For the below lists, here's how you can help:
- For spelling mistakes: Click on the links to the individual Wikipedia articles, and edit them to correct the misspelling. Make sure this is actually a misspelling, and not a technical term that needs to be better explained, or an alternate spelling (possibly from a different regional variety of English).
- For non-English words (including words from Old English and Middle English, since they are pronounced differently): Edit the article and use the {{lang}} or {{Transliteration}} templates to mark all non-English passages. Template contents are ignored, so they will not show up in the next report. If you can define the word, it would still be helpful to add the non-English word to the English Wiktionary or the same-language Wiktionary if you speak that language. As of the March 20, 2019 dump, only words not found in any Wiktionary are reported by moss as misspellings. (The "home" Wiktionary for Old and Middle English words is the modern English one.)
- If you don't know which language is being used, you can tag it with {{which lang}}. If you add a "reason=" parameter, that will change the pop-up tooltip text readers will see when they hover over "what language is this?". If you have a guess as to which language it might be, or any other question or comment, you can leave that here to help future editors. If you use this tag, you can delete the article from the moss listing; the article will be added to Category:Articles with unidentified words instead, and ignored by future runs of moss until the mystery is solved.
- For Early Modern English spellings, use {{lang|en-emodeng}}.
- For languages that don't have an ISO 639 code (often happens with historical languages), {{lang}} now supports IETF language tags (with the "code" parameter) and can add "*" for proto-languages (with "proto=yes"). Failing that, use the miscellaneous code "mis" and add an HTML comment indicating the language.
- For incorrect spellings in direct quotes:
- These shouldn't be picked up by the spell checker, as text in double quotes ("") is ignored. The article probably has incorrect punctuation.
- Regardless of punctuation problems, you can add {{sic}} around the word or phrase. See Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Quotations for guidance.
- For correct spellings that belong in the dictionary: Click on the word to add it to the English Wiktionary. Remember the word might not be English (though the definition must be) and be sure to check capitalization!
- For correct spellings already in the dictionary: Delete from the list. These have been added in the meantime since the database dump by other editors. They do not automatically turn red as internal Wikipedia links do.
- For correct spellings not appropriate for Wiktionary:
- For complicated chemical names:
- If there is an article about this chemical, it's best to make a redirect. You may want to tag it {{R from systematic name}} or {{R from technical name}} if appropriate.
- If there is no Wikipedia article, you can either {{chem name}}; for example:
- {{chem name|poly(1-phenylethene)}}
- This should not be used for chemical formulas such as H2O, for which {{H2O}} or {{chem2}} may be appropriate. For some common compounds there are specific templates available such as Template:CO2.
- For DNA sequences, add {{DNA sequence}} around it.
- For species, add the whole name to Wikispecies:Wikispecies:Requested articles#From_Wikipedia and it will be suppressed from future runs.
- For proper nouns and (including non-English titles) that aren't capitalized, put inside a {{proper name}} tag.
- Use <code></code> or similar tags for computer programs; see Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science/Manual_of_style#Code_samples.
- For terms that are only relevant to one Wikipedia article (and for which the article makes clear the definition) consider creating a redirect to the article. As long as the "typo" word is in the title (as a whole word), it won't show up as a mistake in future spell checks.
- {{IPA}} or {{respell}} can be used for word pronunciations. See Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation for details.
- For bird calls: Treat these as foreign-language words or words-as-words and put them in italics, following MOS:ITALICS. Put the call inside {{not a typo}} so it won't show up on moss spell check reports. (It doesn't matter if the double apostrophes that make the italics go inside or outside the template.)
- Anything else, add {{not a typo}} around it (for example, nonsense series of letters used as examples in puzzles).
- For complicated chemical names:
- Correct or incorrect, when finished delete the entry for the word from the lists on this page (or subpages), so work won't be duplicated. (There is no longer any need for strikethru.)
- If an article or section has generally bad grammar, and you don't have time to fix the whole thing, just add {{copyedit}} at the top of the article or {{copyedit|section}} at the top of the affected section. If it's just a sentence or two, {{copy edit inline}} or {{incomprehensible inline}} can go at the end of the problem passage.
- If you see errors being reported from footnotes or bibliographies, check to make sure the section is titled with a standard name following MOS:APPENDIX conventions. Standard end-matter sections like "References" and "Further reading" and "Works" are ignored.
- If it helps to leave a message on the article's talk page asking if the word is correct or incorrect, you can use Template:Typo help like this when editing the bottom of the talk page (leave the section header blank; it will automatically be added):
- {{subst:typo help|PUT WORD HERE}} -- ~~~~
- If you are uncertain whether a word is spelt correctly or not, you can add {{typo help inline}} immediately after it. If you add a "reason=" parameter, that will change the pop-up tooltip text readers will see when they hover over "check spelling". You can add a specific question or comment that may help identification. If you use this tag, you can delete the article from the moss listing; the article will be added to Category:Articles with unidentified words instead, and ignored by future runs of moss until the mystery is solved.
Don't worry if you miss something; it will reappear in a future report if there are still mistakes.
Suggested edit summaries
[edit]If you want to help publicize this project, you can copy-and-paste these into your edit summary, if appropriate.
For Wikipedia edits:
- Fix misspelling found by [[Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss]] – you can help!
- Tag non-English text found by [[Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss]] – you can help!
- Tag correct text as {{not a typo}} for automated spell checkers (including [[Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss]])
- Fix mismatched quote marks found by [[Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss]] – you can help!
For Wiktionary edits:
- Add word identified by [[w:Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss]] – you can help!
Wiktionary cheat sheet
[edit]Need to add a word to Wiktionary? The Wiktionary cheat sheet has copy-and-paste templates that make it easy for the types of words commonly encountered here, even if you've never done it before.
Misspellings – lists of things to fix
[edit]Likely misspellings by article (main listing)
[edit]The most efficient list to work on if all you want to do is fix misspellings. These listings try to list all the typos from a given article, so they can be fixed all at once. It also tries to only show typos that legitimately need fixing. It's not perfect, so a few words found need to be added to Wiktionary or tagged as not English, not a typo, etc. Only a few letters are updated on each run, to avoid stale listings as the whole list takes far longer than two weeks to work through. (This also avoids duplicating recent work when listings are refreshed.)
See subpages due to length:
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/before A - Completed 2022-06-20 dump
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/A - 2022-07-20 dump partly completed, 2020-05-20 dump completed except case notes
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/B - Completed 2022-12-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/C - Typos from 2023-02-01 dump partially fixed
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/D - Typos from 2024-07-01 dump partially fixed
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/E - Typos from 2025-06-01 dump partially fixed
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/F - Typos from 2025-11-20 dump ready for fixing
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/G - Completed 2020-09-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/H - Completed 2020-10-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/I - Completed 2020-10-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/J - Completed 2021-01-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/K - Completed 2021-02-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/L - Completed 2021-03-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/M - Completed 2021-04-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/N - Completed 2021-05-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/O - Completed 2021-05-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/P - Completed 2021-05-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/Q - Completed 2021-06-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/R - Completed 2021-06-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/S - Completed 2021-06-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/T - Completed 2021-09-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/U - Completed 2021-10-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/V - Completed 2021-11-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/W - Completed 2021-12-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/X - Completed 2022-03-01, currently empty
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/Y - Completed 2022-05-20 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/Z - Completed 2022-06-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
- Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/after Z - Completed 2022-06-01 dump (except for cases that need tagging or investigation)
Notes:
- For more cases that require investigation, see Category:Articles with unidentified words.
- Due to length and an increased number of false positives, typo reports for dumps 2020-05-20 and later don't include T2+, T3+, and TS+BRACKET+.
Possible typos by length
[edit](Updated from 2025-07-20 dump.)
Longest or shortest in certain categories are shown, sometimes just for fun and sometimes because they form a useful group. Feel free to delete articles that are fixed or tagged.
Likely chemistry words
[edit]These need to be checked by a chemist and redirect created (if article exists) or marked as {{chem name}} (if no article exists).
- 61 - wikt:dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic - Gadobutrol
- 59 - wikt:cis-5,6-dihydroxy-4-isopropylcyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate - 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase
- 56 - wikt:d-glucopyranosyl-3,23-dihydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al - Momordicine
- 55 - wikt:l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanyl-d-pipecolinyl-l-2-amino-8 - Tetrapeptide
- 54 - wikt:s-adenosyl-l-methionine:3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxylate - Hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase
- 54 - wikt:cis-11,12-dichloro-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano-2-anthroic - Field effect (chemistry)
- 52 - wikt:tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine - Longest words
- 51 - wikt:alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionate - GRIA4
- 50 - wikt:n-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,2-diphenyloxolane-3-carboxamide - Blarcamesine
- 50 - wikt:butyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dihydroxymethyl-dibenzyl - Para tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin
- 48 - wikt:dimethoxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalinyl - Yessotoxin
- 47 - wikt:tetramethylquinolizine-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate - Coniine
- 47 - wikt:n-diethyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo - Organic chemistry
- 46 - wikt:δ1-7α-acetylthio-15β,16β-methylenespirolactone - List of steroidal antiandrogens
- 46 - wikt:polybenzofulvene–polyisoprene–polybenzofulvene - Jimmy Mays
- 46 - wikt:descyclopropylmethylprazepam/desmethyldiazepam - Prazepam
- 46 - wikt:butyl-2',6'-dimethyl-3',5'-dinitroacetophenone - Synthetic musk
- 46 - wikt:,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyldiazenylpyrazol-3-amine - Zomebazam
Chemical formulas
[edit]Chemical formulas (or partial forumulas) should be written with {{chem2}} or HTML subscripts (<sub>...</sub>) per MOS:CHEM. These listings identify those that incorrectly just use regular numbers or Unicode subscripts (not allowed by MOS:SUBSCRIPT).
Items which are not chemical formulas can be cleared from this list by creating a redirect (like Dy4 Systems), or if they are a proper name without a suitable redirect target, enclosing them in {{proper name}}.
Any redirects created for strings that are (presumably incorrectly-written) chemical formulas should be added to Category:Chemical formulas.
Possible chemical formulas that don't use subscripts
[edit]Updated from 2025-07-20 database dump.
2-26
[edit]- 19 - wikt:B19V - Fifth disease, Globoside, Parvovirus B19 ... find all
- 16 - wikt:P5CS - 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1, Biosynthesis ... find all
- 13 - wikt:FC3S - 2001 D1 Grand Prix series, Drift (film series), IMSA, List of Wangan Midnight episodes, Mazda Wankel engine ... find all
- 12 - wikt:CYP4F3B - 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase ... find all
- 10 - wikt:S2S3 - American ginseng, Enchylium conglomeratum, Enchylium polycarpon, Lomatium roseanum, Prophysaon coeruleum ... find all
- 9 - wikt:VS4 - AMX-10 RC, Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, Egyptian Hieroglyphs (Unicode block), FÉLIN, Jaguar AJ-V8 engine ... find all
- 7 - wikt:WI2 - Ice climbing, Lane Peak, Mount Frances, Mount Kidd, Tungsten(II) iodide ... find all
- 7 - wikt:IP3R3 - Diffuse chemosensory system, FBXL2, Solitary chemosensory cells ... find all
- 6 - wikt:S3S4 - American ginseng, Enchylium polycarpon, Gaylussacia bigeloviana ... find all → conservation status S3 S4 etc
- 6 - wikt:R3P - List of acronyms: R, Metal-phosphine complex, Phosphorus trichloride, Shooting at the 2019 Pan American Games – Qualification, Shooting at the 2023 Pan American Games – Qualification ... find all
- 6 - wikt:F4IV - 1 Centauri, HD 131473, HD 15115, Omega Piscium, Pisces (constellation) ... find all
- 5 - wikt:ZnCl4 - Zinc chloride ... find all → not a problem in this article
- 5 - wikt:RN18 - Kibumbu, Kibumbu Hospital, Kibumbu Sanatorium, Route nationale 18, University of Mwaro ... find all
- 5 - wikt:PI5P - 5P, Myogenesis, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, Phospholipid ... find all
- 5 - wikt:NR9 - Mwogere River, Norwich Park and Ride, Rose madder, Stirling Quartzite Formation ... find all
- 5 - wikt:H3K18 - Adenovirus early region 1A, Cryptic unstable transcript, Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases, Histone acetylation and deacetylation, Histone acetyltransferase ... find all
- 5 - wikt:C7B - Fairchild 22, Kelch Aviation Museum, Menasco Pirate, Port Townsend Aero Museum, Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum ... find all
- 5 - wikt:B6IV - CH Crucis, Epsilon Volantis, Iota Lyrae, Tau2 Capricorni, Telescopium ... find all
- 4 - wikt:UK5 - Don Turnbull (game designer), Eye of the Serpent, Graeme Morris (game designer), Nikolov ... find all
- 4 - wikt:TeO6 - Tellurate ... find all → no problem found
- 4 - wikt:SnBr2 - Tin(II) bromide ... find all → no problem found
- 4 - wikt:SB28 - Aventura Reunion In NYC, Decline to State, Gelsenkirchen-Buer Nord station, L-Acoustics ... find all
- 4 - wikt:S3R - Electrical system of the International Space Station, Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons ... find all
- 4 - wikt:PH20 - Hyaluronidase, List of tallest buildings by German federal state ... find all
- 4 - wikt:NiCl4 - Tetrachloronickelate, Tetraethylammonium tetrachloronickelate ... find all → only in file names
- 4 - wikt:KO11 - Andrew Jeptha, Mixed acid fermentation, Transnational Boxing Rankings Board ... find all
- 4 - wikt:IrCl6 - Ammonium hexachloroiridate(IV) ... find all → no problem found
- 4 - wikt:IC2I - Command and Control Research Program, International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium ... find all
- 4 - wikt:H4R3 - Cancer epigenetics, Histone H4, Protein arginine methyltransferase 5, Yi Zhang (biochemist) ... find all
- 4 - wikt:H4K8 - Histone acetyltransferase, JADE1 ... find all
- 4 - wikt:H3R8 - H3R8me2, Histone-modifying enzymes, Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 ... find all
- 4 - wikt:Fe7C3 - Geochemistry of carbon ... find all → no problem found
- 4 - wikt:CYP4B - 4-Ipomeanol, Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase ... find all
- 3 - wikt:UR30 - Copper alloys in aquaculture ... find all
- 3 - wikt:TmI2 - Thulium(II) iodide ... find all → no problem found
- 3 - wikt:SH2C - Fermentative hydrogen production, Hydrogen production, Photofermentation ... find all
- 3 - wikt:S4S5 - Claopodium crispifolium, Enchylium polycarpon, Plagiomnium venustum ... find all
- 3 - wikt:S37P - N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, Ogden syndrome ... find all
- 3 - wikt:RP33 - Gisozi, Burundi, Kresta II-class cruiser, Wiet Huidekoper ... find all
- 3 - wikt:PP21 - Bang Lamphu, Chepauk, Foreshore Estate ... find all
- 3 - wikt:P5CS2 - Aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 ... find all
- 3 - wikt:OsF5 - Iridium(V) fluoride, Osmium pentafluoride ... find all → no problem found
- 3 - wikt:Ni2Si - Nickel silicide ... find all → no problem found
- 3 - wikt:N4N5 - Claopodium crispifolium, Enchylium polycarpon, Plagiomnium venustum ... find all
- 3 - wikt:N3S3 - Sulfur mononitride ... find all → no problem found (image name?)
- 3 - wikt:HoSb2 - Holmium diantimonide ... find all → only in url
- 3 - wikt:H2POH - Phosphinous acid ... find all → only in image name
- 3 - wikt:Ge12 - Glycophorin C ... find all
- 3 - wikt:FR10 - List of tunnels in Belgium, Old Empires, Self-administration ... find all
- 3 - wikt:CH16 - BTC-T Vauxhall Astra Sport Hatch, Ferryside, Nannizziopsis guarroi ... find all
- 3 - wikt:CaCu5 - Lanthanum pentanickel, Tyrolite ... find all → no problem found
- 3 - wikt:C6H2Cl4O - 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol ... find all → only in StdInChi paramater of chembox
- 3 - wikt:Bi8 - Bismuth polycations ... find all → in image name
- 3 - wikt:Bi12TiO20 - Bismuth titanate ... find all → in image name
- 3 - wikt:B3III - HR 6819, Pictor, Telescopium ... find all
- 2 - wikt:WBr5 - Tungsten(V) bromide ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:W2O8 - Zirconium tungstate ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:VI6 - Commandant Rivière-class frigate, French frigate Balny ... find all
- 2 - wikt:V3Ga - Superconducting wire, Vanadium–gallium ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:Ti2S3 - Titanium(III) sulfide ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:Te2Br - Ditellurium bromide ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:TcK6 - Stichodactyla toxin ... find all
- 2 - wikt:SUV39H - RNA-directed DNA methylation ... find all
- 2 - wikt:SUR17B - Tughril-class frigate, Type 517 radar ... find all
- 2 - wikt:SO3H - Methanedisulfonic acid, Polystyrene sulfonate ... find all → no error found
- 2 - wikt:SCC11B - Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 ... find all
- 2 - wikt:ScB12 - Scandium dodecaboride ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:Sb4O6 - Antimony trioxide ... find all
- 2 - wikt:S2BI - Substance use disorder ... find all
- 2 - wikt:S18Y - Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 ... find all
- 2 - wikt:RH30 - Picropodophyllin ... find all
- 2 - wikt:PW6 - Tomáš Vorobjov ... find all
- 2 - wikt:PC24P - DECmate, WPS-8 ... find all
- 2 - wikt:PbHAsO4 - Lead hydrogen arsenate ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:P2RY9 - Lysophosphatidic acid, Lysophosphatidic acid receptor ... find all
- 2 - wikt:P2O - Learning Factory ... find all
- 2 - wikt:NR13 - National Rail NR class, Norwich Park and Ride ... find all
- 2 - wikt:Np2O5 - Neptunium(V) oxide ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:NOClO4 - Nitrosyl perchlorate ... find all → only part of image name
- 2 - wikt:NH4In - Indium(III) sulfate ... find all → no error found
- 2 - wikt:NH3OH - Hydroxylammonium sulfate ... find all → no error found
- 2 - wikt:Nb2I10 - Niobium pentaiodide ... find all → only in image name
- 2 - wikt:NaCl3 - Sodium chloride ... find all → only in redlinked title
- 2 - wikt:N2N3 - Enchylium conglomeratum, Prophysaon coeruleum ... find all
- 2 - wikt:Mn4Si7 - Manganese disilicide ... find all → only in image name
- 2 - wikt:Mn3O - Manganese(III) acetate ... find all → only in image name
- 2 - wikt:K2SiO3 - Potassium silicate ... find all → only in image name
- 2 - wikt:IrB3 - Triboracyclopropenyl ... find all → only in image name
- 2 - wikt:IO6 - Atmel AVR instruction set, Sodium periodate→ (no error found) ... find all
- 2 - wikt:HY2 - ART4, Phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase ... find all
- 2 - wikt:H3R2 - Histone-modifying enzymes, Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 ... find all
- 2 - wikt:H3K23 - Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases, Histone acetyltransferase ... find all
- 2 - wikt:H2VO4 - Vanadium ... find all → only in url
- 2 - wikt:FeCl4 - Tetraethylammonium tetrachloroferrate ... find all → in image names
- 2 - wikt:Fe2OCl6 - Tetraethylammonium diiron oxyhexachloride ... find all → in image name
- 2 - wikt:F25Ts - Type 053 frigate ... find all
- 2 - wikt:CrO6 - Chromium(III) phosphate ... find all → no error found
- 2 - wikt:CP12 - Delmar Formation, Landlord's gas safety certificate ... find all
- 2 - wikt:ClC6H4NO2 - 4-Nitrochlorobenzene ... find all → no error found
- 2 - wikt:CH3CH2C - Trimethylolpropane ... find all → no error found
- 2 - wikt:CH3C6H3 - 3-Methylsalicylic acid, 4-Methylsalicylic acid ... find all → no error found (in chem2)
- 2 - wikt:C2CPII - Red List building materials ... find all
- 2 - wikt:BS39 - List of pubs named Carpenters Arms, Paulton Rovers F.C. ... find all
- 2 - wikt:B3R32 - Triboracyclopropenyl ... find all → in image name
- 2 - wikt:AlH4 - Aluminium hydride, Lithium aluminium hydride ... find all → only in chem2; urls; file names.
- 2 - wikt:Al3Sc - Aluminium–scandium alloys ... find all → only in chem2
1
[edit]- 1 - wikt:YbH2 - Ytterbium(II) hydride ... find all → only in chembox smiles
- 1 - wikt:W6I8 - Tungsten(II) iodide ... find all → no error
- 1 - wikt:W2Cl10 - Tungsten(V) chloride ... find all → no error
- 1 - wikt:TlTbSe2 - Terbium monoselenide ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:TiSi2 - Silicide ... find all → only in image
- 1 - wikt:TiS5 - Titanocene pentasulfide ... find all → only in image name
- 1 - wikt:TcBr4 - Technetium(IV) bromide ... find all → only in image name
- 1 - wikt:SWI3P - Demethylase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:SV4C - Lynn Garrison ... find all
- 1 - wikt:SnCl6 - Tin(IV) chloride ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:SCC22B - Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 ... find all
- 1 - wikt:SbCl6 - Tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:RSC8P - Demethylase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:RPS4Y - 40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform ... find all
- 1 - wikt:RO63 - Talwar-class frigate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:RO58 - Talwar-class frigate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:RfCl4 - Rutherfordium ... find all → only in image name
- 1 - wikt:RCH2MgCl - Molybdenum imido alkylidene complex ... find all
- 1 - wikt:R3Si - Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine ... find all
- 1 - wikt:R36C - Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta ... find all
- 1 - wikt:R2SiO - Thermoset polymer matrix ... find all
- 1 - wikt:R16C - 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:PO90 - Andy Tillison ... find all
- 1 - wikt:PN83 - Houlgate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:PC5S - Aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 ... find all
- 1 - wikt:P2YP - Uridine triphosphate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:OsF8 - Fluorine compounds ... find all → only in comment
- 1 - wikt:Os3H2 - Triosmium dodecacarbonyl ... find all → in chem2 template only
- 1 - wikt:Ni4CO3 - Nickel(II) carbonate ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:NHCH2OH - Bis(hydroxymethyl)urea ... find all → in image name only
- 1 - wikt:NH4Fe - Ammonium iron(III) sulfate ... find all → in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:NH4BeF3 - Tetrafluoroberyllate ... find all → in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:NH2R - Dehydrogenation of amine-boranes ... find all → in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:NaS2CN - Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate ... find all → in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:NaDyFPO4 - Dysprosium(III) phosphate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:Na4Fe7 - Xenophyllite ... find all → in nested chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:Na4Cr - Organochromium chemistry ... find all → in URL
- 1 - wikt:Na2Zn - Sodium zincate ... find all → in image name only
- 1 - wikt:Na2PrF2 - Praseodymium(III) phosphate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:Na2Dy - Dysprosium(III) phosphate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:Na2C6H8O4 - Sodium adipate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:N2H3 - Carbohydrazide ... find all → in image name only
- 1 - wikt:N28S - Harrison Ford ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N26S - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N26O - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N25S - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N25O - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N16S - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N16O - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N15S - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:N15O - Machinist's mate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Mn4F20 - Fluorine compounds ... find all → in file name
- 1 - wikt:MgF2He - Helium compounds ... find all → in file name
- 1 - wikt:Mg4Br4 - Magnesium iron hexahydride ... find all → in image name only
- 1 - wikt:Li3Bi - Sodium arsenide ... find all → in file name only
- 1 - wikt:K9N56 - Potassium azide ... find all → no error found
- 1 - wikt:K3K9 - RNA-directed DNA methylation ... find all
- 1 - wikt:K2SnF6 - Tin(IV) fluoride ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:HoInTe3 - Holmium(III) telluride ... find all → in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:HGeI3 - Germanium(II) iodide ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:HGeCl3 - Germanium(II) iodide ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:H3P30 - Proline isomerization in epigenetics ... find all
- 1 - wikt:H2BK16 - Histone acetyltransferase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:H2BK15 - Histone acetyltransferase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:H2BK12 - Histone acetyltransferase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Ga2O - Gallium(III) oxide ... find all → not in page
- 1 - wikt:FeH6 - Magnesium iron hexahydride ... find all → only in file name
- 1 - wikt:Fe3O - Iron(III) acetate ... find all → in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:F17S - CpG methyltransferase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:DyAsSe3 - Dysprosium(III) selenide ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:CYPP2C9 - Epoxygenase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CYPC2C9 - Epoxygenase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CYP4V - Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CY2C19 - Lacosamide ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CsCl·2CuCl - Caesium chloride ... find all → not an error but article contains match chem tags
- 1 - wikt:CoF6 - Caesium hexafluorocobaltate(IV) ... find all → in image name
- 1 - wikt:CoCI2 - Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CH3SNa - Sodium methanethiolate ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:CH3COI - Acetyl iodide ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:CH3ClO3 - Methyl chlorate ... find all → only in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:CH3CH2SNa - Sodium ethanethiolate ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:CH3BiCl2 - Methylbismuth dichloride ... find all → in image name
- 1 - wikt:CH3As - Methyldichloroarsine ... find all → only in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:CH2C - Acetoacetanilide ... find all → only in chem2
- 1 - wikt:CH2Br - Xylylene dibromide ... find all → in image name
- 1 - wikt:CF3SO2Cl - Trifluoromethylation ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CF3C - Trifluoroacetone ... find all → only in chem2 template
- 1 - wikt:CCl3CO2Na - Sodium trichloroacetate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:CC71 - Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CC68 - Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CC45 - Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ... find all
- 1 - wikt:CaUO4 - Uranate ... find all → in image name
- 1 - wikt:C9H11 - Trimesityliridium ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C8H5F3O2S - Thenoyltrifluoroacetone ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C7H3ClN2O5 - 3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl chloride ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H5SO2Cl - Benzenesulfonyl chloride ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:C6H5SF5 - Pentafluorosulfanylbenzene ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:C6H5N2 - Benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H5ClO3 - Perchlorylbenzene ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H5AsO - Phenylarsine oxide ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H4Cl3N - 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H3Cl2 - 1,3-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H15O15P3 - Inositol trisphosphate ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H15ClOSi - 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H12OS - 4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C6H12O21P6 - Myo-Inositol trispyrophosphate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C6H11SH - Cyclohexanethiol ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C6F5Br - Bromopentafluorobenzene ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C60H30 - Fullerene chemistry ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C5HC2 - Demethylase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C5H6Cl2O2 - Glutaryl chloride ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C5H3Cl2N - 2,6-Dichloropyridine ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C5H11Li - Neopentyllithium ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C5Cl6 - Hexachlorocyclopentadiene ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C56H40 - Geodesic polyarene ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C4H5O2 - Nickel organic acid salts ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:C4H4MgO5 - Magnesium malate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C44H68O13 - Okadaic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C44H28N4 - Iron(tetraphenylporphyrinato) chloride ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C3HCuN3O3 - Copper(II) cyanurate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C3H5BrO2 - Methyl 2-bromoacetate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C3Br3N3O3 - Tribromoisocyanuric acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C36H46O14 - Taccalonolide ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C2H5O - Diethyl sulfate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C2H4SO - Ethylene episulfoxide ... find all → in image name
- 1 - wikt:C2ClF3O - Trifluoroacetyl chloride ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C2B9 - Dicarbollide ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C29H30P2 - 1,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C28H58O15 - Carbon disulfide hydrolase ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C28H23NO6 - Rhizocarpic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C27H41N3O9 - Lemonomycin ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C22H42O5 - Bourgeanic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C21H20Cl - Dysoxylum ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C19H16O11 - Thamnolic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C18H39NO - 1-Deoxysphingolipids ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C18H33O2 - Cobalt oleate ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C18H22O10 - Taraxacoside ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C17H37NO - 1-Deoxysphingolipids ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C17H16O7 - Evernic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C17H14N2O7 - Obafluorin ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C17H12O8 - Subpsoromic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C16H32O - Hexadecanal ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C16H19O5N - Dysoxylum ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C15H32 - Pentadecane ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C15H27N3O - 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C14H30 - 2-Methyltridecane ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C14H24O6 - Trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C14H24O4 - 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C13H20O10 - Hexenuronic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C12HCl7O2 - Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ... find all
- 1 - wikt:C12H9N3O5S - Nitazoxanide ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C12F10 - Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C11H18Br2O4 - Dibromo neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:C10H4Cl3F17Si - Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane ... find all → in inchi in chembox
- 1 - wikt:BY6 - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Bi4Ti3O12 - Bismuth titanate ... find all → in image name
- 1 - wikt:Bi3Mo2 - Bismuth organometallic chemistry ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Bi3Cr2 - Bismuth organometallic chemistry ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Bi2Sr2Ca - Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ... find all
- 1 - wikt:BI16 - Anemurium ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Be4O - Basic beryllium acetate ... find all → chem2
- 1 - wikt:Be2C - Planar hexacoordinate carbon ... find all
- 1 - wikt:BC6N - Boron nitride ... find all
- 1 - wikt:BaUO4 - Uranate ... find all → in file name
- 1 - wikt:BaAl4 - Barium ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:B4O5 - Tetraborate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:AsF6 - Lithium hexafluoroarsenate ... find all → in chem2
- 1 - wikt:AlZn8MgCu - 7049 aluminium alloy ... find all
- 1 - wikt:AlMg8 - Aluminium–magnesium alloys ... find all
- 1 - wikt:AlMg3Mn - Aluminium–magnesium alloys ... find all
- 1 - wikt:AlCu6Mn - 2219 aluminium alloy ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Al8FeMg3Si6 - Aluminium–magnesium–silicon alloys ... find all
- 1 - wikt:Al2R6 - Organoaluminium chemistry ... find all → in chem2
Known chemical formulas that don't use subscripts
[edit]Updated from 2025-07-20 dump.
H2O
[edit]- Fixing in bulk with JWB. Many of these do not refer to water but to an acronym or proper name, and will need to be tagged in a later pass. -- Beland (talk) 02:18, 12 August 2025 (UTC)
Remainder (11-50)
[edit]- 49 - H2S - Fixed. Some refer to H2S radar or various vehicles. The moss code can be updated to ignore H2S radar, but it may be best to tag the rest {{proper name}} on the next pass. -- Beland (talk) 16:40, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
- 47 - SiO2 - Fixing in bulk with JWB. -- Beland (talk) 16:40, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
- 37 - -NH2 - Congressional Biomass Caucus
- 36 - S3- - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Archana Express, Attica, Kansas, Backup Exec, Bhagalpur–Jammu Tawi Amarnath Express, Capital (Iranian TV series), Carla Borelli, Diamond Multimedia, ESP32, Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer, Fatima Togbe, George A. Crocker, Hemkunt Express, Himgiri Superfast Express, Howrah–New Delhi Duronto Express, Island Express (train), Jammu Mail, Jhelum Express, Kolkata–Jammu Tawi Express, Lipid droplet, List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy, List of firearms, Lucknow Mail, Malwa Express, Marusagar Express, Mumbai CSMT–Nagpur Duronto Express, Netaji Express, Number Nine Visual Technology, Perilipin-5, Piscine orthoreovirus, Pydio, Rhine-Main S-Bahn, Sachkhand Express, Swaraj Express, URO VAMTAC, Uttar Sampark Kranti Express
- 30 - LiFePO4 - complete
- 28 - NO2 - complete
- 23 - Al2O3 - complete
- 23 - O₂ - complete
- 22 - CH4 - complete
- 15 - NH3 - complete
- 14 - KO2 - 2014–15 PBA Philippine Cup, 2015–16 PBA Philippine Cup, 2025 Premier Volleyball League on Tour, Andrej Csemez, Biological Cosmic Ray Experiment, Darnell Wilson, Life-support system, Okurodani Formation, Pauline Kantor, Pronar, Roy Korving, Shokawa, Transnational Boxing Rankings Board, Travis Walker
- 13 - TiO2 - complete
- 13 - U3O8 - complete
- 13 - WO3 - AB8 (star), LMC195-1, Little Ghost Nebula, NGC 1313, NGC 7026, WR 93b
- 11 - H₂O - complete
- 11 - OF2 - Captain lieutenant, Edgar Wilson Award, John Broughton, Military Administration (Nazi Germany), Military ranks of the Soviet Union (1935–1940), Stabsarzt, Staff college, Turkish Air Force, Turkish Land Forces, Turkish Naval Forces, Zugführer (military)
Remainder (1-10)
[edit]- 6 - FN3 - Belgian Navy, EMI domain, LRRN3, MID1, SNED1, Victorian Railways Z type carriage
- 4 - CO5 - Chuck Wicks, Cold War (song), Come Alive (The War of the Roses), Cyber-Lip
- 4 - IF3 - Birmingham, Disagreements on the intensity of tornadoes, Five prime untranslated region, Tornadoes of 2023
- 4 - T2O - Cricket in Australia, Cricket in India, Cricket in New Zealand, Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)
- 3 - BI3 - Hyundai Kappa engine, Hyundai U engine, Hyundai i20
- 3 - C3H - ENTPD2, Sepsis
- 3 - CF4 - Cook, Welton & Gemmell, List of Yamaha Corporation products
- 3 - F3P - 2017 in sports, 2019 in sports, Model aircraft
- 3 - F3V - 12 Scorpii, Boötes, V354 Cephei
- 3 - SF4 - List of file formats, SOE RF Section
- 3 - UF4 - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
- 2 - IF5 - Disagreements on the intensity of tornadoes, Outline of tornadoes
- 2 - IO2 - Heliodisplay, Philips SAA1099
- 2 - NR3 - Railway accidents in New South Wales, SMRT Buses
- 2 - PH5 - Imre Gyula Csizmadia, Korea's Next Top Model season 4
- 1 - AIF3 - Kampala–Jinja Expressway
- 1 - BH4- - List of OMIM disorder codes
- 1 - C2S2 - Walter C. Oechel
- 1 - CH3I - Walsh diagram
- 1 - CN12 - Lamborghini Miura
- 1 - IF7 - Glutamine synthetase
- 1 - PCl5 - Latamoxef
- 1 - PF3 - EMP2 platform
- 1 - VI2 - Benenden School
Problem cases
[edit]Parsing problems (where noted) are probably resulting in words showing up in debug-spellcheck-ignored.txt that shouldn't. -- Beland (talk) 03:09, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
- 12/11 - Al2Si2O5 → Parsing problems? Might be leaking out of Al2Si2O5(OH)4 or
<chem>...</chem>?; see Kaolinite find all - 8/3 - Fe7C3 → Form of Iron carbide - parsing problems?
- 8/5 - Mg3Al2 → From silicate mineral Mg3Al2(SiO4)3[1] and its compositional variations; see Pyrope - possible parsing problems
- 1 - C21H17F4NO3S2 - GW0742
- Seems to be some sort of wikitext parser failure; this should be hidden inside {{Drugbox}}
- 1 - C19H19N7O6 - Folate
- Seems to be some sort of wikitext parser failure; this should be hidden inside {{Drugbox}} perhaps due to nowiki
- 1 - C58H73N7O17 - Anidulafungin
- Seems to be some sort of wikitext parser failure; this should be hidden inside {{Drugbox}}. -- Beland (talk) 00:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
- 1 - C22H27N3O4S - Azeloprazole
- Seems to be some sort of wikitext parser failure; this should be hidden inside {{Drugbox}}
- 15/6 - Si6Al2 → From Ca2[(Mg,Fe)3Al2]Si6Al2O22(OH)2 and its many compositional variations; see Double chain inosilicates
- Some of these seem to be parse failures from tables? -- Beland (talk) 03:17, 26 August 2022 (UTC)
- 11/7 - Si6O18 → Compound of SiO3; see Silicate and Cyclosilicates. Related to Beryl.
- Remainder are probably parse failures. -- Beland (talk) 03:20, 26 August 2022 (UTC)
- 9/8 - Si3O9 → As above. Related to Benitoite.
- More parsing problems. -- Beland (talk) 03:25, 26 August 2022 (UTC)
- 8/7 - Si4O11 → See Inosilicates - parsing problems
- 7/1 - Ga2I62 → Related to Gallium halides; see Intermediate halides - no longer found in source, parsing problems?
"C2H2" is usually better written as Cys2His2; see Zinc finger#Classes. (All fixed for now.) -- Beland (talk) 02:30, 5 August 2025 (UTC)
Repeating patterns
[edit]For rhyme schemes, they probably need to be re-styled to follow Wikipedia:WikiProject Poetry#Style for rhyme schemes. If this ends up making them all-caps, they won't show up here on the next run. For mixed-case rhyme scheme notations, use {{not a typo}} after making sure dashes, commas, and spaces follow the recommended style.
(All fixed as of 2022-12-20 dump!)
False positives
[edit]Is there a word that is correctly used in an article, but which shouldn't be added to Wiktionary? List it here, and Beland will fix the problem.
Archived solutions: Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/Archive
- wikt:singer(s), wikt:composer(s), etc. Found in Kanto (music).
False negatives
[edit]Is there a misspelled word in an article mentioned here that was not reported? Feel free to list it below and Beland will try to improve the code if appropriate.
These are currently over-ignored, but could be used to suggest correct spellings:
- Wikipedia articles with {{R from misspelling}}, {{R from incorrect name}}, {{R from miscapitalisation}}, and redirects to these templates
- Wiktionary entries that are known misspellings (e.g. wikt:anticiliary)
- In cases where there are variant spellings of the same word or phrase, Wikipedia should probably pick one and stick to it except to mention the variants. This happens with:
- Compound words - whether to use a space, dash, or nothing, as in "junebug" vs. "june bug" or "email" vs. "e-mail".
- Words with multiple transliterations from another language (often there are multiple systems, no particular system, or a modern system different from historical systems).
- Redirects with {{R from alternate spelling}} and redirects to that template.
- Article Ana Recio Harvey | detected misspelling: appoinment | additional, undetected misspelling: enterpreneur
- Looks like this was because of redirects with "enterpreneur" in the title. I have tagged them all {{R from misspelling}}, but I'll have to change the code to ignore those, as noted above. Thanks for catching that! -- Beland (talk) 23:52, 18 October 2018 (UTC)
- 1 - Jack Beckitt - wikt:monacled -> also had "whow" in place of who --Xurizuri (talk) 05:10, 5 February 2021 (UTC)
- 1 - Jack Jenkins (rugby player) - wikt:scummage -> "forst" instead of "first" --Xurizuri (talk) 05:43, 5 February 2021 (UTC)
- 1 - Johan Christian Drewsen - wikt:cultication -> "Rogether" instead of "Together", at the start of a sentence. "Copenahgen" instead of "Copenhagen". They obviously didn't get picked up because of capitalisation, but thought I'd list them here anyway just in case it helps. -Xurizuri (talk) 11:09, 13 February 2021 (UTC)
Archived notes
[edit]See Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/Archive.
For Wiktionary
[edit]Spell-checking Wiktionary itself
[edit]A new project has started to do that using moss software, at wikt:Wiktionary:Spell check.
Triaged for Wiktionary
[edit]Dictionary writers needed! And speakers of languages other than English!
Many words (English and otherwise) detected as potential typos have been manually triaged as legitimate words that need to be added to Wiktionary, and are listed at Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/For Wiktionary. (Moved from this page due to length.) Many of the subpages under the misspelling main listing also have long lists of words to add to Wiktionary, which are sometimes bundled up and moved to the "For Wiktionary" subpage.
Wiktionary aims to have definitions for all words in all languages (with some exceptions), and acts as the primary database for the moss spell-checker.
Highest-frequency words missing from dictionary (a-m)
[edit](updated 2022-12-20) Good candidates for words to add to the English Wiktionary (which provides English definitions for words in all languages, including all compound words), as it seems English Wikipedia readers will frequently encounter them. For each run, only words from half of the alphabet are shown, to avoid duplicate work from when new dumps are being processed.
Most of the words are not from English. To get them off this list, you can either add an entry to the English Wiktionary (which provides English definitions for words in all languages) or tag all instances of the word on the English Wikipedia with {{lang}}. Wiktionary does not accept Romanizations for some languages, so those cases must be tagged as {{Transliteration}} or {{lang}}.
Legitimate misspellings are candidates for Wikipedia:Lists of common misspellings. If there is an obvious correction, adding that to Wikipedia:Lists of common misspellings/For machines will help editors who use automated tools to fix cases faster.
- 106 - wikt:farābād - Bagh-e Jafarabad, Jafarabad, Ahar, Jafarabad, Alborz, Jafarabad, Amol, Jafarabad, Andika ... find all
- 90 - wikt:dehs - Badin, Badin District, Dadu District, Ghotki District, Hyderabad District, Sindh ... find all
- 89 - wikt:eː - Acute accent, African Romance, Alsea language, Atong language (Sino-Tibetan), Awadhi language ... find all
- 77 - wikt:ispánate - Andrew I Hont-Pázmány, Andrew, Bishop of Eger, Arnold II Hahót, Atyusz (genus), Atyusz Hahót ... find all
- 66 - wikt:çokgözlü - List of butterflies of Turkey ... find all
- 63 - wikt:jangha - Akhadachandi Temple, Arjunesvara Siva Temple, Belesvara Siva Temple, Bhimesvara Bisrama ghara, Bhringesvara Siva Temple ... find all
- 58 - wikt:īlābād - Boneh-ye Esmail, Khuzestan, Eshqabad, West Azerbaijan, Esmailabad (north), Dorudzan, Esmailabad (north), Gowhar Kuh, Esmailabad (south), Dorudzan ... find all
- 56 - wikt:საკრებულო - Abasha Municipality, Adigeni Municipality, Akhalkalaki Municipality, Akhaltsikhe Municipality, Akhmeta Municipality ... find all
- 48 - wikt:molodezhnaja - Foster Daddy, Tora!, Hearts and Flowers for Tora-san, Maid-Droid, Marriage Counselor Tora-san, Stage-Struck Tora-san ... find all
- 48 - wikt:medjig - Magic square ... find all
- 44 - wikt:liveshow - Anders Kobro, Australian Idol 3: The Final 13 – Australian Made: The Hits, Bảo Thy, Cẩm Ly, Deutschland sucht den Superstar ... find all
- 44 - wikt:afwc - A S M Ridwanur Rahman, AHM Fazlul Haque, ASM Fakhrul Islam, Ashraful Hoq Chowdhury, Bangladesh Coast Guard ... find all
- 43 - wikt:äkım - 2020 Dungan–Kazakh ethnic clashes, 2021 Kazakh municipal elections, 21st Nur Otan Extraordinary Congress, Ashat Oralov, Nurlan Nogaev ... find all
- 42 - wikt:īdābād - Aqeh Kheyl, Gorgabad, Ardabil, Kalateh-ye Seyyed Ali, South Khorasan, Nematabad-e Ghar, Sadabad, Kerman ... find all
- 41 - wikt:äkıms - 2019 Kazakh presidential election, 2021 Kazakh municipal elections, Bakhytjan Sagintayev, Kazakh democracy movement, List of Äkims of Atyrau Region ... find all
- 41 - wikt:hvbat - Swedish Army ... find all
- 40 - wikt:ɛː - Bahrani Arabic, Bora language, Buryat language, Bärenbach, Bad Kreuznach, Cremunés dialect ... find all
- 40 - wikt:ŭnbyŏng - Goryeo coinage, Korean currency, Korean mun ... find all
- 37 - wikt:øltapper - Admiralgade 23, Badstuestræde 7, Bredgade 24, Ernst Burmeister, Gråbrødretorv 4 ... find all
- 36 - wikt:α-hydroxykaurane - Niebla (lichen), Niebla homalea, Niebla infundibula, Niebla juncosa, Vermilacinia ... find all
- 36 - wikt:ŋg - Chimbu–Wahgi languages, Dagan languages, East Strickland languages, Finisterre–Huon languages, Gogodala–Suki languages ... find all
- 35 - wikt:āgamas - Anekantavada, Antakrddaasah, Anuttaraupapātikadaśāh, Aupapatika, Bodhipakkhiyādhammā ... find all
- 34 - wikt:προσευχη - Codex Augiensis, Codex Claromontanus, Codex Porphyrianus, Minuscule 1739, Minuscule 181 ... find all
- 33 - wikt:guachimonton - Guachimontones, Tequila, Jalisco, Teuchitlán culture ... find all
- 32 - wikt:farābād-e - Jafarabad, Ardestan, Jafarabad, Ferdows, Jafarabad, Golestan, Jafarabad, Ilam, Jafarabad, Nahavand ... find all
- 32 - wikt:dcdn - Content delivery network interconnection ... find all
- 31 - wikt:maçkolik - 1964–65 Mersin İdmanyurdu season, 1965–66 Mersin İdmanyurdu season, 1966–67 Mersin İdmanyurdu season, 1967–68 Mersin İdmanyurdu season, 1969–70 Mersin İdmanyurdu season ... find all
- 31 - wikt:fstnt - TNNI2, TNNT1, TNNT2, TNNT3 ... find all
- 30 - wikt:kammerpige - Cathrine Marie Gielstrup, Johanna Elisabeth Dahlén, Louise Phister, Marie Cathrine Preisler ... find all
- 30 - wikt:coaxium - Han Solo, Lego Star Wars: Summer Vacation, List of Star Wars characters, Qi'ra, Solo: A Star Wars Story ... find all
- 30 - wikt:bajraks - Albanian tribes, Bajrak, Bulgëri, Dukagjin Highlands, Ghegs ... find all
- 29 - wikt:ọgbanje - Odinala, Ogbanje, West African mythology ... find all
- 29 - wikt:arwulf - A Magical Approach, Blue Ballads, Blythe Byte, Collaborations (Marilyn Crispell album), Exhale (Arthur Blythe album) ... find all
- 28 - wikt:mäslihats - 1994 Kazakh local elections, 2021 Kazakh local legislative elections, 2021 Kazakh municipal elections, 2022 Kazakh constitutional referendum, Akmola Regional Mäslihat ... find all
- 28 - wikt:itti-marduk-balāṭu - Asharid-apal-Ekur, Ashur-bel-kala, Bārûtu, Itti-Marduk-balatu, Itti-Marduk-balatu (king) ... find all
- 28 - wikt:gsang - Anuyoga, Guhyagarbha tantra, Guhyasamāja Tantra, Mahayoga, Mandāravā ... find all
- 28 - wikt:dābād - Aliabad-e Jowhari, Asgarabad, Fars, Narmeh, Radabad, Sadabad, Anbarabad ... find all
- 28 - wikt:dharas - Alko Hiti, Dhunge dhara, Drinking fountain, History of water supply and sanitation, Kathmandu ... find all
- 28 - wikt:apkc - Barry James Thompson, Carla V. Rothlin, Cell cortex, Cell polarity, Epithelial polarity ... find all
- 27 - wikt:ādatābād - Dashtabad, Narmashir, Saadatabad, Abadeh, Saadatabad, Arsanjan, Saadatabad, Bardsir, Saadatabad, Darab ... find all
- 27 - wikt:eremophilas - Andrew Phillip Brown, Calamphoreus, Eremophila (plant), Eremophila anomala, Eremophila bowmanii ... find all
- 27 - wikt:dacoz - Epimeria ... find all
- 26 - wikt:fänikor - 1st Life Grenadier Regiment (Sweden), 2nd Life Grenadier Regiment (Sweden), Halland Regiment, Jönköping Regiment, Kalmar Regiment ... find all
- 26 - wikt:funfactor - Battle Arena Toshinden 2, Brain Dead 13, Brandish (video game), Chrono Trigger, College Football USA 97 ... find all
- 25 - wikt:mprs - Allopregnanolone, Membrane progesterone receptor, Membrane steroid receptor, Pharmacodynamics of progesterone, Progesterone ... find all
- 25 - wikt:külliyye - Külliye ... find all
- 25 - wikt:bandform - Analogue filter, Composite image filter, Distributed-element filter, Electronic filter topology, Filter (signal processing) ... find all
- 25 - wikt:aɪ - A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, Bequia English, British English, Burmese phonology, Cantonese ... find all
- 24 - wikt:ṣomä - Beta Israel, Haymanot ... find all
- 24 - wikt:şehnameci - Seyyid Lokman ... find all
- 24 - wikt:lyrium - Characters of Dragon Age II, Characters of Dragon Age: Inquisition, Characters of Dragon Age: Origins, Dragon Age, Dragon Age II ... find all
- 24 - wikt:jātakas - Early Buddhist texts, Jataka tales, Vessantara Jātaka ... find all
- 24 - wikt:istudy - Bored of Studies, System Technology-i Co, Ltd ... find all
- 24 - wikt:hradani - Oath of Swords, The War God's Own, Wind Rider's Oath ... find all
- 24 - wikt:echinulins - Aspergillus aerius, Aspergillus appendiculatus, Aspergillus brunneus, Aspergillus caperatus, Aspergillus cibarius ... find all
- 23 - wikt:νηστεια - Codex Augiensis, Codex Claromontanus, Codex Porphyrianus, Minuscule 1739, Minuscule 181 ... find all
- 23 - wikt:župans - Albanian nobility, Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924, Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927, Constantine Bodin, Croatian nobility ... find all
- 23 -
wikt:metalbending - Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics), Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South, Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Promise, Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Rift, Bolin (The Legend of Korra) ... find allonly used in one comic, not WT-includable - 23 - wikt:etraby - Ashgabat, Balkan Region, Districts of Turkmenistan, Regions of Turkmenistan, Türkmenbaşy District ... find all
- 23 - wikt:cmybp-c - Myosin binding protein C, cardiac ... find all
- 23 - wikt:chronokinetic - Irredeemable, List of Kamen Rider Ex-Aid characters, List of Kamen Rider Saber characters, List of Kamen Rider Zi-O characters, List of returning characters in Kamen Rider Zi-O ... find all
- 23 - wikt:cayolar - Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette, Aussurucq ... find all
- 23 - wikt:baserris - Baserri, Etxeberria, Gipuzkoa, History of the Basques, Manor house ... find all
- 22 - wikt:lipfire - Ethan Allen (armsmaker) ... find all
- 22 - wikt:kubbs - Kubb, The Amazing Race 6 ... find all
- 22 - wikt:honā - Continuous and progressive aspects, Future tense, Grammatical mood, Habitual aspect, Imperfective aspect ... find all
- 22 - wikt:haltijas - Finnish paganism, Haltija ... find all
- 22 - wikt:groundplot - Clube Atlético Hermann Aichinger, Douradão, Estádio Anacleto Campanella, Estádio Couto Pereira, Estádio Décio Vitta ... find all
- 22 - wikt:fújì - Debbie Klein, Fuji music ... find all
- 21 - wikt:экз - Ekaterina Georgiewna Czerniakowska, Emmanuel Steinschneider, Gorodetsky Glacier, History of the Jews in Brody, Ilya Shifman ... find all
- 21 - wikt:сост - Dmitry Yakovlevich Popov, Efim Kolbintsev, Gaisa Enikeev, Ibniyamin Akhtyamov, Ivan Aleksandrovich Flerov ... find all
- 21 - wikt:θεου - Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 4, Codex Glazier, Codex Vaticanus 2061, Lectionary 60, Minuscule 1739 ... find all
- 21 - wikt:ʃa - Campaniacum, Central Atlas Tamazight, Central Atlas Tamazight grammar, Da (Indic), József Eötvös ... find all
- 21 - wikt:ánthos - Anigozanthos, Annona haematantha, Antheraxanthin, Anthodite, Anthology ... find all
- 21 - wikt:madōgu - Flame of Recca, List of Flame of Recca characters ... find all
- 21 - wikt:kleismas - Semantic System ... find all
- 21 - wikt:ispánates - Alexander Köcski, Ampud II, Andrew Kőszegi, Denis Tomaj, Denis, son of Ampud ... find all
- 21 - wikt:godspoken - Gloriously Bright, List of Ender's Game characters, Xenocide ... find all
- 21 - wikt:fmris - Auditory hallucination, Bilingual memory, Brain types, Cross modal plasticity, Dyslexia ... find all
- 21 - wikt:bullettes - Cyrtogomphoceras, Cyrtogomphoceratidae, Discosorus, Hecatoceras, Kiaeroceras ... find all
- 21 - wikt:anuratha - Arjunesvara Siva Temple, Bata Mahadeva, Bhringesvara Siva Temple, Byamokesvara Temple, Devasabha Temple ... find all
- 20 - wikt:ḡalyān - Hookah, Muʽassel ... find all
- 20 - wikt:ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa - Ahiri, Asaveri, Darbari Kanada, Garudadhvani, Gaula (raga) ... find all
- 20 - wikt:myfm - CFMP-FM, CHCD-FM, CHMY-FM, CIMA-FM, CIMY-FM ... find all
- 20 - wikt:masnawī - Mathnawi ... find all
- 20 - wikt:maskalai - Arsha (community development block), Baghmundi (community development block), Balarampur, Purulia (community development block), Barabazar (community development block), Binpur I ... find all
- 20 - wikt:liveshows - Andrea Renzullo, Cẩm Ly, Deutschland sucht den Superstar, Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 8), Got to Dance – Tylko Taniec ... find all
- 20 - wikt:exrnas - Extracellular RNA, Non-coding RNA, Oncomir ... find all
- 20 - wikt:evtols - Airbus CityAirbus, Avolon, EVTOL, Eve Air Mobility, Personal air vehicle ... find all
- 20 - wikt:cohopfian - Ax–Grothendieck theorem, Finitely generated module, Hopfian object ... find all
- 20 - wikt:bushdrive - Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Land Cruiser (J40) ... find all
Translation and general cleanup
[edit]See Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss/not English.
Mismatched markup and punctuation
[edit]Errors in punctuation (mostly quotation marks) and wiki markup generally cause confusion for readers, and also prevent the spell checker from running on these articles.
Inches and feet should not use " and ', per Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Specific units; use letters instead. (See MOS:UNITS for general guidance.) Where conversions are needed, use {{convert}}, for example: 2 feet 3 inches (69 cm)
WORK IN PROGRESS
- Integrating these with main listings
- Filter only unmatched " for now
- Filter articles with non-ASCII quote marks to a separate list for JWB processing
- Filter \d" and \d' to a separate sublist for inch/feet style conversion
- Explain ✂ or skip snippets showing this
- Bracketbot web UI seems to be down
-- Beland (talk) 19:03, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
Gender-neutral language
[edit]Manned
[edit]The word "manned" and related forms like "unmanned" are used in many articles, but is not gender-neutral as required by MOS:S/HE and the NASA style guide. Gender-neutral alternatives include:
- Crewed, uncrewed
- Staffed, unstaffed
- Human spaceflight
- Defended
Not all instances need to be changed.
- Proper nouns should remain the same, like Manned Orbiting Laboratory
- Titles of sources and quotes should remain unchanged.
- If the term itself is being discussed, for example to say that "manned spaceflight" is another way of saying human spaceflight.
- There seems to be consensus on unmanned aerial vehicle that this and related phrases (like unmanned aerial system) should remain intact, since it is much more frequent than "uncrewed aerial vehicle" at the moment. However, when using Wikipedia's voice it is preferred to describe a UAV as "uncrewed" when not using the whole phrase.
- Non-article pages that are retained for historical interest shouldn't be modified if they won't be visible to readers.
- Redirects with this title should be left alone if they are redirecting readers to a gender-neutral title
If the word is found the names of articles and categories (except those with names directly related to UAVs), those should be renamed, and the links changed. Many articles have already been renamed, and the links just need to be updated. (Remember that to rename a category, all the articles in that category must be edited to change their pointers.)
- Coming soon: moss report on "manned" that ignores references, page titles, proper nouns, and consensus-OK phrases.
- Find all instances of "manned" in articles
- Find all instances of "unmanned" in articles
- Find all instances of "manned" in Wikipedia:, File:, Category:, and Portal: (recommended for advanced editors only)
- Find all instances of "unmanned" in Wikipedia:, File:, Category:, and Portal: (recommended for advanced editors only)
Borderline cases
[edit]These may need to be discussed before being changed.
- Manned Venus flyby - Based on the NASA style guide, NASA probably would now refer to this as "human Venus flyby" but historical sources say "manned Venus flyby" so that's what the majority of editors commenting on the talk page currently favor. There is some question as to whether the scope of the article concerns a specific mission or this type of mission in general, which is related to the proper name exception (but then the title would be "Manned Venus Flyby"). Compare Colonization of Venus and Human mission to Mars. -- Beland (talk) 19:41, 21 May 2019 (UTC)
- Discussion in progress on Talk:Manned Venus flyby. -- Beland (talk) 09:37, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
Objections in specific cases:
Marriage
[edit]Wikipedia:Writing about women § Marriage points out:
- "is the wife of" is less neutral than "is married to" - find all "is the wife of"
- "born to X and his wife Y" is less neutral than "born to X and Y" - approximate search
- "man and wife" is less neutral than "husband and wife", and to be fully neutral the order should be varied - find all "man and wife"
Ladies
[edit]Wikipedia:Writing about women § Girls, ladies prefers "women" to "ladies" except where part of set phrases or traditional titles (like first lady). find all lowercase "ladies"
Instructional and presumptuous language
[edit]MOS:NOTE says to avoid the following phrases when they address the reader directly. Not all instances are problematic, such as those in direct quotations.
- remember that - find all "remember that"
- note that - find all "note that"
- of course - find all "of course"
- naturally - find all "naturally" (the meaning "related to nature" is not problematic)
- obviously - find all "obviously"
- clearly - find all "clearly"
- actually - find all "actually"
- rhetorical questions, especially in headings - find all questions in headings (some cases, like the names of works, are not problematic)
Internationally comprehensible spelling and vocabulary
[edit]MOS:COMMONALITY advises the use of vocabulary and spellings that are shared across national varieties of English, where possible. This section collects instances where an unshared term is being used which could be improved. For proper nouns and direct quotes, a translation or re-spelling into another dialect may be helpful.
- "gaol" should be "jail"
- Disputed, discussion underway at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style#Gaol vs. jail
- looks like its wrapped up, with jail preferred except in proper nouns Xurizuri (talk) 15:36, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
- New RFC ended in October 2025 at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style#ENGVAR and gaol / jail ?. -- Beland (talk) 16:58, 12 October 2025 (UTC)
Currency style
[edit]Per MOS:CURRENCY:
- For the UK, Irish, Australian, New Zealand, and South African pound, ₤ should be changed to £
- ₤ is OK to use with Italian lira. Changing e.g. ₤100,000 to [[Italian lira|₤]]100,000 will prevent legitimate uses from showing up in automated reports, and also help readers understand that this is not British pounds. (Mentions of Italian lira are increasingly rare because it has been replaced by the Euro.)
Caution: Not all problem pages show up reliably; if you do a search, fix all the pages in the results, and then do another search, you will probably get a fresh batch of problem pages. It may also take a minute or two for fixed pages to disappear from the results, due to lag updating the search index.
Work is in progress on detecting and fixing other MOS-related issues with numbers and currencies.
- all fixed as of today Graeme Bartlett (talk) 06:26, 5 October 2022 (UTC)
Small caps
[edit]Per MOS:SMALLCAPS, smallcaps are not to be used for years like "400 BC". Find all instances of known smallcaps issues...
HTML tags
[edit]Updated from 2025-07-20 dump.
You can do one of two things for these articles:
- Remove, repair, or convert the HTML markup to wiki markup yourself.
- Tag the article {{cleanup HTML}} and it will show up under Category:Articles with HTML markup but not on this list. Use the "tags" parameter to indicate which tags are present on the page; many editors find it hard to locate the offending HTML. For example: {{cleanup HTML|tags=table, cite}}
How to clean up
[edit]See Category:Articles with HTML markup for instructions on how to find the offending tags and what to do about them.
Find all articles by tag
[edit]Can't wait for the next database dump? Want to look for or fix all instances of a specific tag? Use the links below!
- <tt> - find all
- <li>, <ol>, and <ul> - find all
- <table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>, <caption> - find all
- <i> or <em> - find all
- <dd>, <dt>, and <dl> - find all
- <cite> - find all
- <p> - find all
- <strong> and <b> - find all
- <name=> - find all
- </br> - find all
- <hr> and <hr/> - find all
- <font> - find all
- <ins> - find all
- <samp> - find all
- <q> - find all
- <wbr> - find all and find ­
- <ruby>, <rt>, and <rp> - find all
- Elements and attributes obsoleted in HTML 5 have prefab searches linked from Wikipedia:HTML 5
Additional HTML problems are listed at Special:LintErrors.
Sometimes editors use angle brackets (< and >) for other purposes. Though these are not HTML markup, they often need to be fixed.
<<...>> find all can indicate:
- French quotation marks rendered as <<quoted text>>. These should be normalized to "quoted text" or 'quoted text', even in quotations, per MOS:CONFORM.
- A broken citation that should be converted to {{cite web}})
Other weirdness:
- <the> - find all - More French quoting style, bad linking, bad citation style, etc.
- <blockquote> sometimes shows up on the reports if it is capitalized or all-caps on the article page. It should be all lowercase.
Known bad HTML tags (HB)
[edit]These are also included in the main listings.
- 2889 - <td> - 2021–22 Denizlispor season, 2022 West Virginia High School Boys' Soccer (AAA), Archery GB, Asavyets, Lyuban district rural council, Astrashytski Haradok rural concil ... find all
- 1348 - <li> - A Mathematician's Miscellany, Angels of Death (Hawkwind album), Anija Parish, Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, Beau Ballard ... find all
- 1223 - <dd> - Behavioral pattern, Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L), Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z), Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology, Niederwald monument ... find all
- 1222 - </dd> - Behavioral pattern, Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L), Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z), Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology, Niederwald monument ... find all
- 922 - <em> - 1978–79 Kent Football League, 1979–80 Kent Football League, 1980–81 Kent Football League, 1981–82 Kent Football League, 1982–83 Kent Football League ... find all
- 921 - </em> - 1978–79 Kent Football League, 1979–80 Kent Football League, 1980–81 Kent Football League, 1981–82 Kent Football League, 1982–83 Kent Football League ... find all
- 857 - </td> - 2021–22 Denizlispor season, 2022 West Virginia High School Boys' Soccer (AAA), Archery GB, Boxer Protocol, Central Asia ... find all
- 843 - <tr> - 2021–22 Denizlispor season, 2022 West Virginia High School Boys' Soccer (AAA), Archery GB, Asavyets, Lyuban district rural council, Astrashytski Haradok rural concil ... find all
- 556 - <i> - 9-Methyl-β-carboline, Abelia × grandiflora, Abhijit Chowdhury, Agglomerate (steel industry), Andrée de Jongh ... find all
- 316 - <th> - Archery GB, Asavyets, Lyuban district rural council, Astrashytski Haradok rural concil, Barawlyany, Minsk district rural council, Bobr rural council ... find all
- 293 - <p> - 1943: The Battle of Midway, 2023–24 LBA season, 2024 in Estonian football, 2024–25 LBA season, Ackermann function ... find all
- 292 - </tr> - 2021–22 Denizlispor season, 2022 West Virginia High School Boys' Soccer (AAA), Archery GB, Boxer Protocol, Central Asia ... find all
- 216 - </th> - Archery GB, Central Asia, Chef de Rang, Geometrical Product Specification and Verification ... find all
- 196 - <hr/> - 2011 NIRSA National Soccer Championship, 2018 NIRSA National Soccer Championship, 2019 NIRSA National Soccer Championship, 2021 NIRSA National Soccer Championship, 2022 NIRSA National Soccer Championship ... find all
- 196 - </table> - 2021–22 Denizlispor season, 2022 West Virginia High School Boys' Soccer (AAA), Ang Probinsyano season 8, Archery GB, Asavyets, Lyuban district rural council ... find all
- 173 - <b> - Aguanga, California, Along North Assembly constituency, Along South Assembly constituency, Andes Children's Foundation, Asavyets, Lyuban district rural council ... find all
- 170 - <strong> - Annemie Turtelboom, Central Asia, ELeague, Embu County, English auxiliary verbs ... find all
- 170 - </strong> - Annemie Turtelboom, Central Asia, ELeague, Embu County, English auxiliary verbs ... find all
- 166 - </b> - Aguanga, California, Along North Assembly constituency, Along South Assembly constituency, Andes Children's Foundation, Asavyets, Lyuban district rural council ... find all
- 157 - <hr> - 1999 NIRSA National Soccer Championship, 2015 Handball Super Cup, 2021 SCSA Regional Tournament, 2023–24 in Ukrainian football, Arlesey ... find all
- 146 - <ol> - 24 Sussex Drive, A Mathematician's Miscellany, Biarc, Bite It, Bloodstained Oz ... find all
- 142 - <table> - 2021–22 Denizlispor season, 2022 West Virginia High School Boys' Soccer (AAA), 2023 Big West Conference women's volleyball tournament, 2024 Big West Conference women's volleyball tournament, Archery GB ... find all
- 130 - <ins> - ARRAKIHS, Andrea Muzii, Annette Kolb, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Artificial intelligence in mental health ... find all
- 130 - </ins> - ARRAKIHS, Andrea Muzii, Annette Kolb, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Artificial intelligence in mental health ... find all
- 82 - <q> - Appin (company), Aramaic Uruk incantation, AsciiDoc, Bach Temperament, Belvidere Apollo Theatre collapse ... find all
- 81 - </q> - Appin (company), AsciiDoc, Bach Temperament, Belvidere Apollo Theatre collapse, Brian Skerry ... find all
- 79 - <cite> - Antin Vasynchuk, Comparison of relational database management systems, Iris recognition, Jim (Huckleberry Finn), Kaillera ... find all
- 79 - </cite> - Antin Vasynchuk, Comparison of relational database management systems, Iris recognition, Jim (Huckleberry Finn), Kaillera ... find all
Bad link formatting (HL)
[edit]These are also included in the main listings. Angle brackets are not used for external links (per Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computing § Exposed URLs); "tags" like <https> and <www> are actually just bad link formatting. See Wikipedia:External links#How to link for external link syntax; use {{cite web}} for footnotes.
- 59 - <https> - 37th Annie Awards, ANUGA Hydro, Albertina Almeida, Andrus Kivirähk, Angle Lake (Washington) ... find all
- 22 - <https/> - Anarchy (video game), Bindura University of Science Education, Blue paper, Garaway Local School District, Get Millie Black ... find all
- 9 - <http> - Keheewin, Edmonton, Kentucky Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, List of religious radio stations, Rates in Hong Kong, Sigurðar saga fóts ... find all
Unsorted (H)
[edit]Many of these can be replaced by {{var}} (for text to be replaced) or {{angbr}} (e.g. for linguistic notation). Enclose in <code>...</code> for inline software source code.
- 50 - <mark> - 2007 Ellesmere Port and Neston Borough Council election, Aarohi Patel, Achalla, Allagadda, Antoa Nyamaa ... find all
- 50 - </mark> - 2007 Ellesmere Port and Neston Borough Council election, Aarohi Patel, Achalla, Allagadda, Antoa Nyamaa ... find all
- 11 - <f> - 21st Street–Queensbridge station, 36th Street station (IND Queens Boulevard Line), 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station, 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station, 57th Street station (IND Sixth Avenue Line) ... find all
- 10 - <edited> - Yaron Avitov ... find all
- 9 - <y> - Caipira dialect, Japhug language, Melo language, Ordinal Pareto efficiency, Redundancy principle (biology) ... find all
- 9 - <x> - Fusion tree, List of set classes, Saliba language, Standard for Andalusian, Surface and bulk erosion ... find all
- 9 - <the> - Desnitsky, Show dog, Smilegate, Spiritual Meadow, Verlag Inspiration Un Limited ... find all
- 9 - <t> - Caipira dialect, Database transaction schedule, Melo language, Sardica paschal table, Soleb ... find all
- 9 - <name/> - Chalena Vásquez, Deir Hajla, Libeaus Desconus, Nyaungdon Township, Pioneer Valley ... find all
- 8 - <m> - Bassa Vah alphabet, Jacobi elliptic functions, Kolmogorov complexity, Nasal consonant, Proto-Hmong–Mien language ... find all
- 8 - <c> - List of Schedule 1 substances (CWC), Peetre theorem, Saliba language, Tamil phonology, Telugu script ... find all
- 7 - <pig> - Cubanate, En Esch, I Ya Toyah, Pig (musical project), WWIII Live 2003 ... find all
- 7 - <onlyinclude/> - 2012 WNBL Finals, 2015 WNBL Finals, 439 BC, List of Los Bastardos episodes, Pada Zaman Dahulu ... find all
- 7 - <o> - Cremunés dialect, Decipherment, Inquiry, Lai Tay script, Language planning ... find all
- 7 - <encore> - Lead 15th Anniversary Live Box, Lead Upturn 2011: Sun x You, Lead Upturn 2013: Leap, Lead Upturn 2016: The Showcase, Lead Upturn 2019: Sync ... find all
- 7 - <ch> - Chan Chan, Chʼortiʼ language, Gwari language, Romanization, Southern Borderlands dialect ... find all
- 6 - <section> - 2022–23 Indonesia Pro Futsal League, Basketball at the 2022 Asian Games – Men, Food safety, Thalassemia ... find all
- 6 - <re/> - 17th (Service) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (Welbeck Rangers), Brigitte Omboudou, James Oswald (moderator), Jessie Stanton, Laure Gatet ... find all
- 6 - <n> - Attié language, Ban number, Caipira dialect, Ebrié language, Proto-Afroasiatic language ... find all
- 6 - <inputbox> - Index of Canada-related articles, Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians, List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories, List of role-playing video games, Lists of Canadians ... find all
- 6 - <in> - Robert Ira Lewy, Yaron Avitov ... find all
- 6 - <e> - Caipira dialect, Cremunés dialect, Defective script, Hilbert–Bernays paradox, Language planning ... find all
- 6 - <d> - Fick's laws of diffusion, Northern Borderlands dialect, Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam, Pakora, Southern Borderlands dialect ... find all
- 6 - <be> - Chen Hualan, Jo Jung-min, Robert William Doughty Fowler, TNCO ceilings ... find all
- 6 - </section> - 2022–23 Indonesia Pro Futsal League, Basketball at the 2022 Asian Games – Men, Food safety, Thalassemia ... find all
- 6 - </inputbox> - Index of Canada-related articles, Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians, List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories, List of role-playing video games, Lists of Canadians ... find all
- 5 - <what> - Army of the Lord, Fan rice, J. Lynn Helms, Ractopamine, VOEvent ... find all
- 5 - <not> - Fail-safe, Hebron, New York, Stoked for the Holidays ... find all
- 5 - <location> - SIGMET ... find all
- 5 - <l> - Caipira dialect, Dia, Mali, Teiresias algorithm ... find all
- 5 - <k> - Informatics, Placiti Cassinesi, Scale-free network ... find all
- 5 - <g> - Crimean Gothic, Intercultural communication principles, Nguruvilu, Ormulum, Osmanoğlu family ... find all
- 5 - <eom> - Range coding ... find all
- 5 - <end> - Berthold Type Foundry, Boatyard Historic District, ISO 8601, Seq2seq ... find all
- 5 - <annals> - Boyle Abbey ... find all
- 5 - </math> - Blend modes, One-step method, Troland, Two-dimensional pattern matching ... find all
- 4 - <z> - Dutch-language literature, Leiden Willeram, Menzies, Weltdeutsch ... find all
- 4 - <who> - Audiometry, De Nicolay family, Iba N'Diaye, VOEvent ... find all
- 4 - <w> - Slovincian language, South-West Irish English, Uyghur phonology ... find all
- 4 - <usa> - Cape Verdi, Ramruma, Sun Princess (horse) ... find all
- 4 - <step> - Servotron 9000 ... find all
- 4 - <sketch> - Fusion tree ... find all
- 4 - <program> - Shift-reduce parser ... find all
- 4 - <noun> - Arapaho language, Definiteness, Metalanguage, Natural language generation ... find all
- 4 - <liberty> - Ideograph (rhetoric) ... find all
- 4 - <is> - Gellish, Semantic data model ... find all
- 4 - <if> - Executive Council of Hong Kong, Executive Council of Macau ... find all
- 4 - <first> - Luhn mod N algorithm, St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal) ... find all
- 4 - <equality> - Ideograph (rhetoric) ... find all
Need debugging
[edit]- 19 - <pre> - Arena (web browser), Back-to-back user agent, BagIt, Call graph, Code folding ... find all
- (These look legit, probably a moss bug. Beland note to self: Run these on wikitext_util functions in an interactive window to find parse breakage.)
Notification of new dumps
[edit]"Most likely misspellings by articles" should always have work to do (if not, ping Beland to add more from the current dump). Some of the other sections are occasionally waiting for a new dump to get a useful list, either because they are ranked by frequency or a code change has been made to clean up noise in the next run. New runs are generally posted twice a month. The database snapshot from the first day of the month generally takes about 9-13 days to process, and the snapshot from the twentieth day of the month might take 4-6 days until it can be posted.
All that said, if you want to get a ping when results from a new dump are posted, you can add your name to the list below. If you are only interested in a particular section, include a note to that effect.
- (add your username to this list)
- Endersslay (talk) 00:51, 24 December 2023 (UTC)
- snoozebug … zzz 15:24, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
- Jake01756 (talk) (contribs) 21:31, 19 February 2023 (UTC)
- Jake The Great!📞talk! 01:40, 18 December 2019 (UTC)
- Puddleglum2.0 (talk) 20:31, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
- Schazjmd (talk) 18:25, 21 December 2018 (UTC)
- bradleyagin (talk) 04:08, 12 January 2019 (UTC)
- Darylgolden(talk) Ping when replying 00:50, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
- MarkZusab (talk) 03:52, 15 February 2019 (UTC)
- Amiodarone talk 20:52, 2 April 2019 (UTC)
- Zojomars (talk) 17:48, 31 May 2019 (UTC)
- Anarhistička Maca (talk) 06:25, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
- Clovermoss (talk) 00:46, 27 October 2019 (UTC)
- JaAlDo (talk) 14:18, 11 March 2020 (UTC)
- Creativecreatr Creativecreatr (talk) 09:56, 26 May 2020 (UTC)
- Voidify (talk) 06:12, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
- Doghouse09 (talk) 20:52, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
- -- spazure (contribs) 09:24, 2 December 2020 (UTC)
- Idell (talk) 21:26, 23 October 2020 (UTC)
- --
- Fehufangą ♮ ✉ Talk page ♮ 12:16, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
- Triethylborane (talk) 03:23, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
- littleb2009 (talk · contribs)
- Normal Name (talk) 20:28, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
- Amazomagisto (talk) 02:36, 6 July 2021 (UTC)
- TreeReader (talk) 09:17, 1 August 2021 (UTC)
- A live mussel (talk or contribs) 09:05, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
- --lettherebedarklight – 晚安 (おやすみなさい)。 04:07, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
- rbstrachan (talk) 21:11, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
- Tymewalk (talk) 08:38, 4 September 2022 (UTC)
- Max263 (talk • contribs) 12:32, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
- SikiWtideI (Speak to the backwards police) 21:44, 11 November 2022 (UTC)
- KING WIKIPEDIAN DCCLXIV (talk | contribs) 21:12, 16 December 2022 (UTC)
- Blue Edits (talk) 16:55, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
- BD2412 T 20:16, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
- Tommi1986 let's talk! 20:41, 16 March 2024 (UTC)
- Bunnypranav (talk))14:34, 10 July 2024 (UTC)
- A37393 (talk) 20:29, 29 October 2024 (UTC)
- Fishy-Finns (talk) 16:31, 21 December 2024 (UTC)
moss code and data sources
[edit]moss is written in Python, and is available on github at: https://github.com/cdbeland/moss
Data is obtained from XML database backup dumps.
See also
[edit]- ^ Kemacheevakul, P.; Polprasert, C.; Shimizu, Y. (2011). "Phosphorus recovery from human urine and anaerobically treated wastewater through pH adjustment and chemical precipitation". Environmental Technology. 32 (7–8): 693–698. Bibcode:2011EnvTe..32..693K. doi:10.1080/09593330.2010.510537. PMID 21879544.