Tonekabon
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Tonekabon
Persian: تنكابن | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Tonekabon | |
| Coordinates: 36°48′55″N 50°52′16″E / 36.81528°N 50.87111°E[1][2] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Mazandaran |
| County | Tonekabon |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[3] | |
• Total | 55,434 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Website | tonekabon |
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Tonekabon (Persian: تنكابن)[a] is a city in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]
Etymology
[edit]Toneka was a large and fortress-like city with a fence and a hard and strong surface in the west of Ruyan district. Shortly after the destruction of Toneka Castle, a lower city was built from the ruins of the old city, and it was called Toneka Bon (Persian: تنکابن, lit. 'Lowest point of the Toneka'). This name was extended to all the lands that formed the local rulers.
History
[edit]The territory of Tonekabon was originally part of Mazandaran. Numerous evidences discovered in various parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in the past. The ancient Tonekabon came under the realm of the Ruyan territory, also called Rostamdar. The Padusbanan held the power of this vicinity till the reign of Abbas the Great. Thereafter, until the beginning of the Qajar era and the reign of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, the city was known as Feiz.
During the Pahlavi era, the city was renamed Shahsavar. After the 1979 Iranian revolution the name was returned to its original historic one, Tonekabon. Most present-day people of the city still use the Shahsavar name.
Demographics
[edit]Language
[edit]The languages of Tonekabon are Mazandarani and Gilaki.[6][7]
Population
[edit]At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,128 in 13,087 households.[8] The following census in 2011 counted 45,338 people in 14,975 households.[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 55,434 people in 18,878 households.[3]
Geography
[edit]Tonekabon is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, 257 kilometres (160 mi) north of Tehran, between Ramsar and Chalus. Tonekabon County has common borders with Qazvin province to the south.
In its northern regions it has a moderate and humid climate and in the southern portions cold weather prevails. The Cheshmeh Kileh River flows through it.
Climate
[edit]Tonekabon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.
| Climate data for Tonekabon | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
27.4 (81.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 83 (3.3) |
69 (2.7) |
78 (3.1) |
43 (1.7) |
40 (1.6) |
41 (1.6) |
31 (1.2) |
65 (2.6) |
124 (4.9) |
225 (8.9) |
146 (5.7) |
115 (4.5) |
1,060 (41.8) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 1.6 (0.6) |
11.1 (4.4) |
2.4 (0.9) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (0.4) |
0.0 (0.0) |
16.2 (6.3) |
| Average rainy days | 11 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 123 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 82 | 79 | 77 | 73 | 71 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 130.2 | 121.5 | 111.6 | 147 | 198.4 | 231 | 226.3 | 201.5 | 165 | 145.7 | 135 | 120.9 | 1,934.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 5.3 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Source: weather2visit[10] World weather online(Snow-UV)[11] | |||||||||||||
Economy
[edit]A famous variety of orange, Shahsavari Orange, is grown in the city and bears its former name. The other products of Tonekabon are kiwi fruit, rice, and tea. Tonekabon has a semi tropical climate. The temperature is mild year round.
The "Ghalegardan high lands" and "Dohezar Valley" are famous resort areas in the Alborz (Elburz) mountain range, southwest of Tonekabon. There are also dense forests in Dohezar and the Sehezar Road areas of the Alborz.
Tourist attractions
[edit]
- Sialan
- Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
- Wildlife Museum
- Municipality Palace of Tonekabon
- Do Hezar Forest Park
- Se Hezar Forest Park
- Toneka Castle
- Se Hezar Hot water
- Sang Bon Cheshmeh Waterfall
- Chaldarreh
- Daryasar Plain
- Dinar Sara
- Beles Kūh
- Kouhsar Waterfall
- Falakdeh Hot water
- Tonekabon Fish Market
- Garma Poshteh Village
Notable people
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- Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni (1846–1926), former prime minister of Iran
- Shahab Hosseini (born 1974), actor
- Simin Ghanem (born 1944), singer
- Moslem Bahadori (born 1927), pathologist
- Shamseddin Hosseini (born 1967), politician
- Foad Manshadi (born 1987), musician
- Jamshid Mashayekhi (1934–2019), actor
- Bahram Aryana (1906–1985), general officer
- Ladan Mostofi (born 1972), actor
- Parisa (born 1950), singer
- Kambiz Dirbaz (born 1975), actor
- Arsalan Khalatbari (1904-1976) lawyer and politician
- Benyamin Bahadori (born 1982), musician, singer
- Kourosh Sotoodeh (born 1978), photographer
- Mohammad Taghi Falsafi (1908–1998), preacher
- Tunakabuni (17th-century), physician
- Mojtaba Goleij (born 1996), wrestler
- Mohammad Zohari (1926–1995), poet
- Farzan Ashourzadeh (born 1991), taekwondo practitioner
- Mehdi Khodabakhshi (born 1991), taekwondo practitioner
- Saeid Ahmadabbasi (born 1992), futsal player
- Javad Asghari Moghaddam (born 1979), futsal player
- Mohammad Mokhtari (born 1983), football player
- Navid Rezaeifar (born 1996), basketball player
See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (24 October 2024). "Tonekabon, دهستان گلیجان, بخش مرکزی شهرستان تنکابن [Goli Jan Rural District, Central District of Tonekabon County], Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ^ "RV8C+4C9 Tonekabon, Mazandaran Province, Iran" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 23 January 2026.
- ^ a b سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان مازندران [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Mazandaran Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Tonekabon can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3087648" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کوری استان مازندران به مرکزیت شهر ساری [Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] 6BCA9E6B-F7AD-441C-8A24-47D38564A5F5. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2025.
- ^ Habib Borjian, “The Caspian Language of Tonekābon”, Studia Iranica 51/1, 2022, pp. 7-49.
- ^ Habib Borjian. Is there Continuity between Persian and Caspian? Linguistic Relationships in South-Central Alborz, New Haven: AOS, 2013.
- ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان مازندران [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Mazandaran Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان مازندران [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Mazandaran Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Tonekābon monthly weather averages". weather 2 visit. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
- ^ "Annual Weather Averages - Tonekabon, Mazandaran, IR". World weather Online. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
External links
[edit]- High quality photo gallery of Shahsavar (Tonekabon)
- Gallery of Shahsavar (Tonekabon)
- http://toniau.ac.ir/ Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon
| Geographic | |
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| Other | |
