Phayao Kingdom

Phayao Kingdom
อาณาจักรพะเยา (Thai)
Phayao Kingdom อาณาจักรพะเยา (Thai)
1094–1338
	Phayao kingdom in the late 11th - early 12th century
Capital	Phayao
Common languages	Northern Thai
Religion	Tai folk religion Buddhism
Demonym	Tai Yuan(Yonok)
Government	Mandala kingdom
Monarch
• 1094 (first)	Khun Chomtham
• 1338 (last)	Phaya Khamlue
Historical era	Post-classical era
• Kingdom established	1094
• Annexed by Lan Na	1338
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Ngoenyang
Lan Na
Today part of	Thailand; Laos

History

Old Phukamyao (Sakkawanrajathani)

Before Khun Chomtham, the Phayao Chronicle mentions the polity of Old Phukamyao^[1], centered around a city called Sakkawanrajathani^[2], also called Mattharaj Pahurita or Singharaj (not to be confused with Singhanvati), ruled by Phaya Suthasom and Phaya Anuraj. After their death, the kingdom was left without a ruler for 3 years, and thus local nobility began exerting power over smaller cities within Phukamyao.^[1]^[2]

Foundation by Khun Chomtham

News of Sakkawanrajathani’s empty throne reached the kingdom of Ngoenyang, ruled by Lao Ngoenrueang. To prevent future succession conflicts, Lao Ngoenrueang made his older son, Lao chin, an heir to the Ngoenyang throne, and sent his younger son, Khun Chomtham (also called Chom Pharueang^[1] in some chronicle traditions) , to take empty throne of Old Phukamyaoi and found a new dynasty in Phayao.^[1]^[2]

Lao Ngoenrueang and Khun Chomtham gathered soldiers and commoners and traveled from Ngoenyang for 7 days to the city of Sakkawanrajathani.^[1] Some traditions of the Phayao Chronicle say they found the old capital abandoned. They decided to restore the old capital, as well as creating a new capital next to it, designing it off their home city Ngoenyang.^[1] The “two capitals of Phayao” would later be known as Wiang Namtao and Wiang Phayao respectively, now both parts of Phayao city. Khun Chomtham ascends the throne of Phayao in 1094, at the age of 25.

Khun Chom Tham's dynasty ruled Phukamyao over 9 generations until the last Phukamyao king gave the throne to his son-in-law, Phaya Ngam Mueang. Ngam Mueang led his Kingdom to it greatest period and renamed it to the Kingdom of Phayao.

Later Phayao

History would later mention the Phayao kingdom when Mangrai ascended to the throne of the Kingdom of Ngoenyang in Muang Rao in 1261. Phayao was cited in the wider campaign of Mangrai to consolidate Thai territories, which was driven by two factors: the neighboring kingdoms' slight to his authority; and, the scarcity of space and resources for the growing population of his subjects.^[3] The kingdom expanded to the south and Phayao was eventually absorbed as Mangrai founded the Lan Na Kingdom. This development did not immediately transpire with conquest. After invading, Mueang Lai, Chiang Kham, and Chiang Khong, Mangrai concluded an alliance with other kingdoms and these included a pact with Phayao's King Ngam Muang and King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai in 1287.^[4] By 1338, the Phayao Kingdom, which was not as powerful as the Lan Na and Sukhothai, was finally annexed into the former.^[5]

Bibliography

เจดีย์ไทยผู้ออกแบบและผลิตบุษบก เจดีย์ ผอบใส่พระธาตุ. Web. 16 Jan. 2011. <http://www.jedeethai.com/>.
jedeethai.com ประวัติสถูปเจดีย์/สถูปเจดีย์ยุคพะเยา
http://www.dek-d.com/board/view.php?id=791375

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ต๊ะคำมี, เฉลิมวุฒิ (2014). ตำนานพื้นเมืองพะเยา (2nd ed.). Chiangmai: นครพิงค์การพิมพ์. ISBN 978-616-374-798-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c วงษ์เทศ, สุจิตต์ (1995). ประวัติศาสตร์ สังคมและวัฒนธรรมเมืองพะเยา [PHAYAO: a Social and Cultural History] (1st ed.). pp. 360–365.
^ Penth, Hans (2001). A Brief History of Lanna: Northern Thailand from Past to Present. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. p. 55. ISBN 9781628409505.
^ Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2010). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Oxon: Routledge. p. 773. ISBN 978-1884964053.
^ Mishra, Patit Paban (2010). The History of Thailand. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 40. ISBN 9780313340918.

[:0-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ต๊ะคำมี, เฉลิมวุฒิ (2014). ตำนานพื้นเมืองพะเยา (2nd ed.). Chiangmai: นครพิงค์การพิมพ์. ISBN 978-616-374-798-3.

[:1-2] วงษ์เทศ, สุจิตต์ (1995). ประวัติศาสตร์ สังคมและวัฒนธรรมเมืองพะเยา [PHAYAO: a Social and Cultural History] (1st ed.). pp. 360–365.

[3] Penth, Hans (2001). A Brief History of Lanna: Northern Thailand from Past to Present. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. p. 55. ISBN 9781628409505.

[4] Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2010). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Oxon: Routledge. p. 773. ISBN 978-1884964053.

[5] Mishra, Patit Paban (2010). The History of Thailand. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 40. ISBN 9780313340918.

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