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Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan)

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Heritage No. 22 – Myriad year clock

The Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan) (機械遺産, kikaiisan) is a list of sites, landmarks, machines, and documents that made significant contributions to the development of mechanical engineering in Japan. Items in the list are certified by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) (日本機械学会, Nihon Kikai Gakkai).

Overview

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The Mechanical Engineering Heritage program was inaugurated in June 2007 in connection with the 110th anniversary of the founding of the JSME. The program recognizes machines and their related systems, factories, specification documents, textbooks, and other items that had a significant impact on the development of mechanical engineering in Japan. When a certified item can no longer be maintained by its current owner, the JSME acts to prevent its loss by arranging a transfer to the National Science Museum of Japan or to a local government institution.

Categories

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Items in the Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan) are classified into four categories:

  • Sites: Historical sites that contain heritage items.
  • Landmarks: Representative buildings, structures, and machinery.
  • Collections: Collections of machinery, or individual machines.
  • Documents: Machinery-related documents of historical significance.

Each item is assigned a Mechanical Engineering Heritage number. No. 100 is a dual entry, composed of both a collection and documents.

Heritage No. 11 – A 0 series railcar in Tokyo in May 1967

Items certified in 2007

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Heritage No. 14 – Honda Cub F rear-side Honda Collection Hall
Heritage No. 18 – Komatsu G40 bulldozer
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
001 1868 Site Steam engines and hauling machinery at the Kosuge Ship Repair Dock Nagasaki prefecture
002 1908 Landmark Memorial workshop and machine tools at Kumamoto University Kumamoto prefecture
003 1875 Collection Forged iron treadle lathe Aichi prefecture Made by Kaheiji Ito
004 1908 Collection Industrial Steam Turbine Nagasaki prefecture Parsons steam turbine
005 1967 Collection 10A Mazda Wankel engine Hiroshima prefecture
006 Collection Honda CVCC engine Tochigi prefecture First engine to meet the emission standards of Clean Air Act (1970)
007 1971 Collection FJR710 Jet Engine Tokyo
008 1933 Collection Yanmar small horizontal Diesel Engine, Model HB Shiga prefecture
009 1912 Collection Professor Inokuchi Ariya's centrifugal pump Aichi prefecture
010 1929 Collection High frequency generator (radio) Aichi prefecture Made by German AEG
011 1963 Collection 0-Series Tōkaidō Shinkansen electric multiple units Osaka prefecture Operated 1964–1978
012 1902–1909 Collection Class 230 No. 233 2-4-2 steam tank locomotive Osaka prefecture
013 1962-1974 Collection YS11 passenger airplane Tokyo Flown 1964–2009
014 1952 Collection Honda Cub F bicycle engine Tochigi prefecture
015 1928 Collection Chain stitch sewing machine for the production of straw hats Aichi prefecture
016 1924 Collection Non-stop shuttle change automatic loom, Toyoda (Toyota) Type G Aichi prefecture
017 1885 Collection Hand operated letterpress printing machine Tokyo
018 1943 Collection Komatsu G40 bulldozer Shizuoka prefecture
019 1950 Collection Olympus gastrocamera GT-I Tokyo
020 Collection Buckton universal testing machine[1] Hyōgo prefecture Installed in 1908
021 1953 Collection Mutoh manual drafting machine MH-I Tokyo
022 1851 Collection Myriad year clock Tokyo
023 1935 Collection The Chikugo River Lift Bridge Between Fukuoka and Saga prefecture Closed in 1987, reopened for pedestrians in 1996
024 1897, 1901, and 1934, published Document JSME publications from the early days of the society Tokyo
025 1905 Document Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery, lecture notes by Professors Bunji Mano and Ariya Inokuchi at Imperial University of Tokyo Tokyo
Heritage No. 28 – Entaro Bus at Bus Festival 2024 hosted by the Bureau of Transportation, Tokyo Metropolitan Government

Items certified in 2008

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Yazu Arithmometer, Heritage No. 30
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
026 1888 Site Sankyozawa Power Station and related objects Miyagi prefecture Operating since 1888
027 1908, 1905 Site Hydraulic lock[a] and floating steam crane[b] in Miike Port Fukuoka prefecture
028 1923 Collection Omnibus "Entaro" [ja] (Ford TT type) Saitama prefecture Adapted from the chassis of a Ford Model TT that was imported from the United States
029 1947 Collection Mechanical telecommunication devices Iwate prefecture Made by Shinko Seisakusho Co.
030 1903, patented Collection Yazu Arithmometer (Mechanical calculator)[2] Fukuoka prefecture Invented by Ryōichi Yazu
031 1910 Collection Induction motor and design sheet Ibaraki prefecture

Items certified in 2009

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Heritage No.35 – Locomobile owned by Baron Ryokichi Kawada, on display at Danshaku Lounge
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
032 1881 Site Mechanical device of Sapporo Clock Tower Hokkaidō Clock mechanism imported/installed from E. Howard & Co., moved in 1906
033 1808 Landmark Minegishi watermill Tokyo Water Mill Farmhouse at Nogawa River, Musashino area, in operation until 1968
034 1943 Collection The Master Worm wheel of the Hobbing machine HRS-500 Shizuoka prefecture Machining by the Hobbing machine of Rhein-Neckar from Germany
035 Collection Locomobile Hokkaidō The oldest private steam automobile in Japan, one of eight imported from Locomobile Company of America in 1902, failured in 1908, discovered in 1978 needing only a boiler replacement and remained operable until 1980
036 1916 Collection Arrow-Gou Fukuoka prefecture The oldest Japanese-made car created by Koichi Yano
037 1897 Collection British-made 50 ft Turntable Shizuoka prefecture Imported from Ransomes & Rapier and installed in an unknown location. Moved in 1941, then moved again to Ōigawa Railway in 1980, still in operation
Heritage No. 38 – Carousel El Dorado in Toshimaen

Items certified in 2010

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Heritage No. 40. – Electric vehicle TAMA
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
038 1907 Landmark Carousel El Dorado of Toshimaen Tokyo Produced by Hugo Haase, refurbished and operated in Toshimaen from 1971 to 2020[3][4][5]
039 1835 Landmark Revolving stage and its slewing mechanism of Konpira Grand Theatre Kagawa prefecture
040 1947 Collection Electric vehicle TAMA (E4S-47 I) Kanagawa prefecture Produced by Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd because of the oil shortage after World War II. The car has a single 36V, 120A motor and can travel 65 km with a single charge, has a maximum speed of 35 km/h
041 1949 Collection The first Japanese forklift truck with internal combustion engine Shiga prefecture Has a maximum load of 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg). Modeled after Clark Material Handling Company's 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) model.
042 1931, installed Collection Takasago and Ebara type centrifugal refrigerating machine Kanagawa prefecture
043 1967 Collection Automated Ticket Gate (Turnstile) Kyoto prefecture Model 3S2PG operated until 2009, by OMRON and Kintetsu Railway

Items certified in 2011

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Heritage No. 44. – Mashū-Maru
Heritage No. 44 – Hakkoda-Maru
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
044 1908 Landmark Seikan Train Ferry and Moving Rail Bridge Hokkaidō and Aomori prefecture Landmark is both Hakkoda-Maru (八甲田丸) and the moving rail bridge at Aomori Station, and Mashū-Maru (摩周丸) and the moving rail bridge at Hakodate Station
045 1924 Collection Type ED15 Electric Locomotive Ibaraki prefecture In operation until 1960
046 1872 Collection Silk reeling machines of the Okaya Silk Museum (岡谷蚕糸博物館) Nagano prefecture Machines are: 2 silk reeling machines imported by French engineer Paul Brunat (ポール・ブリューナ) for Tomioka silk mill and various Japanese-made silk machines
047 1897 Collection Toyoda Power Loom Aichi prefecture Invented by Sakichi Toyoda
048 1965 Collection Hydraulic excavator UH03 Ibaraki prefecture Double hydraulic pumps and double valves, previous excavators had a single pump and valve.
049 1953 Collection Zipper chain machine (YKK-CM6) Toyama prefecture Modeled after a machine that was imported from the U.S. in 1950.
050 1962 Collection Takamisawa Electric's Ticket Vending Machine Nagano prefecture The first multi-function train ticket vending machine, contained a printing mechanism and was capable of vending multiple types of tickets.

Items certified in 2012

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Heritage No. 51 – Tokyu 5200 series EMU car 5201 preserved at the J-TREC factory in Yokohama, Japan
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
051 1958 Landmark Tokyu 5200 series and Tokyu 7000 series railcars Kanagawa prefecture
052 1929 Landmark Yoshino Ropeway, an aerial lift line. Nara prefecture Opened on March 12, 1929. Oldest surviving aerial lift line in Japan.
053 1889 Collection Ikegai Corp. 9 foot (2.7 m) Lathe Tokyo
054 1955 Collection Ricoh desktop copier model Ricopy 101, blueprint reproduction machine. Shizuoka prefecture Uses a diazo chemical process.
055 1980 Collection Washlet G innovated by Toto Ltd. Fukuoka prefecture The basis of the design was from American Bidet company, imported in 1964.[6]

Items certified in 2013

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Heritage No. 57 – Left to right: SS-1200, Solar, and VC-A at Toshiba Science Museum, Kawasaki, Japan
Heritage No. 61 – Karakuri puppet, Yumi-Hiki Doji
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
056 1976, imported Landmark Mechanical car parking system ROTOPARK Tokyo Made by Bajulaz S.A. company of Switzerland, installed underground at the south exit of Shinjuku Station.[7]
057 1930-1931 Collection Dawn of Japanese home electric appliances made by Toshiba Kanagawa prefecture
  • Electric Refrigerator Model SS-1200 (1930)
  • Electric Washing Machine Model A/Solar (1930)
  • Electric Vacuum Cleaner Model VC-A (1931)
058 1865, imported Collection Yokosuka Naval Arsenal steam hammer Kanagawa prefecture Imported from Netherlands
059 1954 Collection Okuma Corporation non-round plain bearing and GPB Cylindrical Grinder Aichi prefecture
060 1927 Collection 16mm Film Projector Aichi prefecture Developed by Hidenobu Sakaki, founder of Elmo.[8]
061 19th century Collection Japanese Automata Yumihiki-Doji (lit: a boy bending a bow), a karakuri ningyō Fukuoka prefecture Created by Hisashige Tanaka

Items certified in 2014

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Heritage No. 65 – KD604 snow vehicle on display in Showa Station (Antarctica)
Seiko Astron
Caliber 35A, Nr. 00234
Heritage No. 66 – Seiko Astron (left) and internal mechanism (right) developed by Suwa Seikosha in 1969
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
062 Landmark Soil and Tractor Museum of Hokkaido Hokkaido
063 Landmark Museum of Agricultural Technology Progress Saitama prefecture At the Institution of Agricultural Machinery, part of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.
064 1928-1971, operated Landmark Telpher of the Port of Shimizu Shizuoka prefecture
065 Collection Japanese snow vehicles KD604 and KD605 Tokyo (KD604) and Akita prefecture (KD605) Reached the South Pole in 1968.
066 1913, 1960, 1969 Collection Japanese wristwatches Tokyo
  • Laurel Type 12 (1913)
  • First-generation Grand Seiko (1960)
  • Quartz Astron 35SQ (1969)
067 1879 Collection Double Housing Planing Machine Aichi prefecture Made by Akabane Engineering Works, Ministry of Industry
068 1954 Collection Fuji Automatic Massage Machine Osaka prefecture Developed by Nobuo Fujimoto, who created Fuji Seisakusho.[c]
069 1932, first edition Document The Collection of Drawings for Japanese Machines Tokyo Created for the purpose of "disseminating correct knowledge of domestic products to general engineers and serving as reference drawings in terms of teaching mechanical engineering."[9]

Items certified in 2015

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Heritage No. 70 – Railway bascule Bridge Suehiro Kyoryo
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
070 1931 Landmark Railway bascule bridge Suehiro Kyoryo Mie prefecture
071 1966 Collection Automatic encrusting machine Model 105 Tochigi prefecture The first version of the machine, Model 101, was created in 1963.
072 1951 Collection Mikasa's automatic transmission Tokyo The first Japanese Automatic transmission with torque converter.
073 1949 Collection First Japanese-made coin counter Hyogo prefecture Made by Kokuei Machinery Manufacturing
074 1936 Collection Kobayashi-style wood gas engine Hiroshima prefecture
075 1959 Collection The small once-through boiler Type ZP Ehime prefecture Manufactured by ‘Miura Seisakusho’ Co., Ltd.
076 1977 Collection Electric industrial robot "MOTOMAN-L10" Fukuoka prefecture
Heritage No. 77 – Matsukawa geothermal power station in Iwate, Japan

Items certified in 2016

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Heritage No. 78 – Subaru 360 K111, on display at Toyota Automobile Museum, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi.
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
077 1966, began operations Landmark Matsukawa Geothermal Power Plant Iwate prefecture The first commercial power plant in Japan.
078 1958 Collection Subaru 360 Model K111 Gunma prefecture Nicknamed tentoumushi (てんとう虫) means ladybug
079 1911 Collection Double expansion marine steam engine Saitama prefecture Was used on the Tachibana maru (Kanji: たちばな丸), a small wooden steamship
080 1916 Collection Itoki Shoten's Zeni-ai-ki, a simple cash register Tokyo
081 1919 Collection Gasoline measuring equipment type No. 25 Kanagawa prefecture Created by Uchu Tatsuno, the founder of Tatsuno Seisakusho
082 1962 Collection Gate-type car wash machine Aichi prefecture
083 1870 Collection Optical instruments of the Kashinosaki Lighthouse Wakayama prefecture A rotating flash lamp lighthouse.

Items certified in 2017

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Heritage No. 84 – Kachidoki bridge over Sumida River, connecting Tsukiji and Tsukishima
Heritage No. 86 – Tokyo Metro 1000 series 1001 at the Tokyo Metro Museum
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
084 1940 Site Kachidoki Bridge (勝鬨橋), a bascule type bridge Tokyo Sits over the Sumida River
085 1966 Site The jet fan that is used for ventilation in the Okuda Tunnel on the Kitakyushu Urban Expressway Osaka prefecture
086 1927 Collection The first electric railcar for the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line that traveled between Ueno Station and Asakusa Station Tokyo
087 1981 Collection Deep submergence research vehicle Shinkai 2000 Kanagawa prefecture
088 1927 Collection Green sand molding machine Type C-11 Aichi prefecture Developed by Chotaro Kubota of Kubota Chuzousho
089 1973 Collection Multihead weigher ACW-M-1 Shiga prefecture Manufactured by Ishida Scales Mfg. Co., Ltd.
090 1964 Collection A fully automatic glove knitting machine for cotton work gloves Wakayama prefecture

Items certified in 2018

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No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
091 1987 Collection Historical machine tools collected by Nippon Institute of Technology Saitama prefecture 232 exhibits are arranged chronologically and by type
092 1959/1962 Collection Airless spray painting equipment Aichi prefecture The airless spray gun was developed in 1959 and the spray pump was improved from a U.S. patent in 1962
093 1968 Collection Cathode ray tube funnel pressing machine Siga prefecture Developed by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
094 1934 Collection A type casting machine on display at the museum of Kumamoto Daily News Kumamoto prefecture Produced by Eizo Hayashi, president of Rinyeisha Co. at that time.

Items certified in 2019

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Heritage No. 97 – Roundhouse of the Kyoto Railway Museum, 8 of the 23 displayed locomotives are still functional as well as the inspection equipment that was built in 1915
Heritage No. 99 – a Nikkari monorack
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
095 1945 Landmark Conduit gate of Tase Dam Iwate prefecture
096 1916 Landmark Oil mining and refine system at Kanazu oilfield Niigata prefecture
097 1880-1948 Landmark Kyoto Railway Museum steam locomotives and related objects. Kyoto prefecture 23 steam locomotives used until 1984, maintenance facility and records are also preserved.
098 1915 Collection Dawn of Japanese passenger elevator. Fukui prefecture Push-button type fully automatic elevator developed by Takatoki Tomatsu
099 1966 Collection Monorack M-1, a monorail built on the steep slopes of the ria coast of the Seto Inland Sea to assist with hauling produce out of the orchards. Okayama prefecture Developed by Japan Karitoriki Kogyo (now known as Nikkari [ja])

Items certified in 2020

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Heritage No. 101 – Asahiflex I from 1952
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
100 Collection & Documents Educational equipment for mechanical engineering from the Imperial College of Engineering (工部大学校, Kōbu Daigakko) and related documents from Imperial College students and mechanics teacher C.D. West Tokyo
101 1950s Collection 5 single-lens reflex cameras from the 1950s at JCII Camera Museum Tokyo
102 1928 Collection Jiyuzo Nara (自由造 奈良, Jiyuzo Nara) high-speed impact mill Tokyo
103 1921 Collection Electric arc spray gun from the early era of thermal spraying. Siga prefecture Introduced and patented by Kenjiro Ezawa
104 1952 Collection A ring cone (RC) continuously variable transmission (CVT) Kyoto
Heritage No. 111 – The German-made Uhlhorn Münzprägemaschine

Items certified in 2021

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Heritage No. 113 – Conveyor belt sushi at Mashiro Sushi
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
105 1957 Collection Electric milking machine DK-5 II Nagano prefecture Developed by Kyoei Seiki Co.
106 1930 Collection Spur gear grinding machine Type ASG-2 Saitama prefecture Designed by Kakusaburo Okamoto (ja:岡本 覚三郎, Okamoto Kakusaburo) with Okamoto Machine Tool Works, Ltd. (ja:岡本工作機械製所) for the Kure Naval Arsenal
107 1981 Collection Automatic sushi machine Saitama prefecture Developed by Suzumo Machinery Co., LTD. (ja:鈴茂器工株式会社)
108 1959 Collection Rolling stock Test Stand for Shinkansen Tokyo Created by Hitachi and installed by Japanese National Railways
109 1958 Collection Pitching machines Catapult type：KS-P and AR Tokyo (KS-P) and Gifu prefecture (AR) Designed by Hachio Saito (ja:斉藤八雄, Saito Hachio) and manufactured by Kumagai Gumi Co., Ltd. and Chunichi Stadium Co., Ltd.
110 1958 Collection Electric hand planer Model 1000 Aichi prefecture
111 1871 Collection The German-made Uhlhorn[i] and the French-made Thonnelier[j] coin presses from the founding of the Japan Mint Osaka prefecture On display at the Japan Mint Museum
112 1958 Collection Conveyor belt sushi machine, Origin of the new food culture Osaka prefecture Invented by Yoshiaki Shiraishi (ja:白石 義明, Shiraishi Yoshiaki)[10]
113 1975 Collection Silent Piler KGK-100A, hydraulic pile press-in and extraction machinery Kochi prefecture Developed jointly by Akio Kitamura (ja:北村精男, Kitamura Akio) and Yasuo Kakiuchi (ja:垣内保男, Kakiuchi Yasuo)

Items certified in 2022

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Heritage No. 116 – Gara bo spinning machines in use in 1937
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
114 1953 Collection Surface grinding machine PSG-6B Gunma prefecture Manufactured by Okamoto Machine Tool Works, Ltd. (ja:岡本工作機械製所)
115 1985 Collection Timber pre-cut system MPS-1 Aichi prefecture Created by Miyagawa Koki (ja:宮川工機)
116 1880s Collection Gaun-shiki bousyokuki (ja:臥雲式紡織機) or Gara bo, a hand-cranked spinning machine Osaka prefecture Invented by Gaun Tatsumune (ja:臥雲辰致) and nicknamed Gara Bo because of the sound that the machine makes Gara Gara Bousyokuki:Gara Gara cotton-spinning machine, (ja:ガラ紡)[11]

Items certified in 2023

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Heritage No. 118 – Model 3000, Odakyu RomanceCar SE, Odakyu Electric Railway, Japan
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
117 1959 Collection Goto planetarium Type M-1 Tokyo
118 1957 Collection Odakyu 3000 series SE Kanagawa prefecture On display in the Romancecar Museum
119 1831 Collection A "pharmaceutical millstone" in Wachusanhompo (now known as Ritto City, Shiga prefecture) Shiga prefecture Was used to make wachusan (stomach medicine) during the Edo period
120 17th century to present Collection Historical machine tools at the Sankyo Machine Tools Museum Shizuoka prefecture 137 tools ranging from the 17th century to the modern era

Items certified in 2024

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Heritage No. 126 – Mazak NC Lathe MTC-2500R
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
121 1930, patented Collection Arai gara-pon lottery wheel Aomori prefecture Developed by Takuya Arai
122 1964 Collection Sugino Machine Limited (ja:スギノマシン) high-pressure triple plunge pump Toyama prefecture
123 1968 Collection Macadam road roller Sakai R1 Saitama prefecture Manufactured by Sakai Kosakusho
124 1951 Collection K-1 strain gauge with red felt Tokyo Developed by Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co., Ltd.
125 1926 Collection Marinoni-type rotary printing press with folding mechanism Kanagawa prefecture On display at Nihon Shimbun Museum News Park
126 1968 Collection Mazak numerical control (NC) lathe MTC-2500R Gifu prefecture Created by Yamazaki Iron Works Co., Ltd.
Heritage No. 128 – Tōkyū 5000 series, Deha 5001 (pictured) was preserved in front of Shibuya Station, Tokyo, and functioned as a tourist information center, it was relocated to Ōdate, Akita in June 2020[12]

Items certified in 2025

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Heritage No. 132 – the Suzulight SS at the Suzuki History Museum
No. Year created Type Description Location Notes
127 1952 Collection Corona gas oil heater Type SB, a pressurized oil stove Niigata prefecture Developed by Tetsue Uchida
128 1954 Collection Tōkyū Car Corporation's all-steel high-speed commuter train, the Tōkyū 5000 series Kanagawa prefecture
129 1959 Collection FACOM 128B, a relay computer Shizuoka prefecture Developed by Fuji Communication Equipment Manufacturing Company
130 1913 Collection The silk spinning machines of the Shinshu University Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Nagano prefecture
131 1968 Collection The EP-101 miniature digital printer for electronic desktop calculators Nagano prefecture Created by Suwa Seikosha
132 1954 Collection Suzuki Suzulight SS Shizuoka prefecture Developed by Saburo Suzuki

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ made in United Kingdom, operating since 1908
  2. ^ operated 1905–2008
  3. ^ Fuji Medical Devices [ja], a subsidiary of Fujifilm
  4. ^ 1952
  5. ^ 1954
  6. ^ 1955
  7. ^ 1958
  8. ^ 1959
  9. ^ German: Uhlhorn Münzprägemaschine
  10. ^ French: Presse Montaire de Thonnelier

References

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  1. ^ Engineering, Civil. "One Hundred Years of Structural Testing - Civil Engineering - The University of Sydney". www.civil.usyd.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2006-04-18. Retrieved 2025-11-21. see fig. 3
  2. ^ "The History of Japanese Calculators". www.xnumber.com. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  3. ^ "としまえんはいつまで？最後の夏休みに乗りたいおすすめベスト5＆遊園地王の思い出". るるぶKids (in Japanese). July 30, 2020. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  4. ^ "Collections: American Art: Lion, from the El Dorado Carousel, Coney Island, Brooklyn". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  5. ^ The carousel King, Hugo Haase
  6. ^ "ウォシュレットG 機械遺産" [Washlet G certified on Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan)]. Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japanese). Tokyo. 2012-07-23. p. 34.
  7. ^ Rotopark, Bajulaz S.A. Geneva Switzerland Archived 2013-07-29 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ 大久保, 英敏 (2013). "123 国産化に挑戦した技術者たち(第1報)(os 機械技術史・工学史(i))". 公開研究会・講演会技術と社会の関連を巡って: 技術史から経営戦略まで: 講演論文集. 2013: 45–46. doi:10.1299/jsmetsd.2013.45.
  9. ^ "Mechanical Engineering Heritage". www.jsme.or.jp. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  10. ^ admin (March 11, 2015). "Food on the Move: The History of Conveyor Belt Sushi". Seattle Fish Co. Retrieved 2025-11-22.
  11. ^ "Mechanical Engineering Heritage". www.jsme.or.jp. Retrieved 2025-11-22.
  12. ^ "東急旧5000系「青ガエル観光案内所」6月上旬に秋田県大館市へ移設 | マイナビニュース". news.mynavi.jp (in Japanese). February 10, 2020. Retrieved 2025-11-22.
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