Mahmud Shah Durrani
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| Mahmud Shah Durrani محمود شاه درانی | |
|---|---|
| King, Pearl of the Pearls[a] | |
 Portrait of Mahmud Shah, 1818 | |
| Shah of the Durrani Empire | |
| 1st reign | 25 July 1801 – 13 July 1803 |
| Predecessor | Zaman Shah Durrani |
| Successor | Shuja Shah Durrani |
| 2nd reign | 3 May 1809 – 1818 |
| Predecessor | Shuja Shah Durrani |
| Successor | Ali Shah Durrani |
| Emir of Herat | |
| Reign | 1818 – 1826 |
| Successor | Kamran Shah Durrani |
| Born | c. 1769 Kabul, Durrani Empire |
| Died | 18 April 1829 (aged about 60) Herat, Emirate of Afghanistan |
| Dynasty | Durrani |
| Father | Timur Shah Durrani |
| Mother | Unnamed Yusufzai lady |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Mahmud Shah Durrani[b] (born Mahmud Mirza Durrani; c. 1769 – 18 April 1829) was the fourth ruler of the Durrani Empire. He reigned from 1801 to 1803 and again from 1809 to 1818. From 1818 to 1829, he ruled Herat.[1] He belonged to the Sadozai branch of the Popalzai subclan of the Durrani Pashtuns. He was the son of Timur Shah Durrani and the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Reign
[edit]Mahmud Shah Durrani was the half-brother of his predecessor, Zaman Shah. On July 25, 1801, Zaman Shah was deposed, and Mahmud Shah ascended to ruler-ship. He had a chequered career, being deposed in 1803, restored in 1809, and finally deposed again in 1818.
Struggles with the Barakzais
[edit]The elder brother of Dost Mohammad Khan, the chief of the Barakzai, Fateh Khan, took an important part in raising Mahmud Shah Durrani to the sovereignty of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809. The son of Mahmud Shah Durrani, Shahzada Kamran Durrani, was always in trouble with Fateh Khan, the brother of Dost Muhammad Khan. Mahmud Shah repaid Fateh Khan's services by having him assassinated in 1818. The assassination of Fateh Khan Barakzai, incurred the enmity of his tribe and with it began the fall of the Durrani Empire. After a bloody conflict, Mahmud Shah was deprived of all his possessions except Herat. The rest of his dominions were divided among Fateh Khan's brothers. King Mahmud Shah Durrani died in 1829. The country was then ruled by Shuja Shah Durrani; another of his half-brothers.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Persian: شاه در دران, romanized: Šāh Durr-i Durrān
- ^
- Pashto: محمود شاه دراني, romanized: Mahmud Šāh Durrāni [mɑ.mud̪/mäh.mud̪ ʃɑ(h) d̪u(ɾ).ɾɑ.ni]
- Persian: تیمور شاه درانی, romanized: Mahmūd Shāh Durrānī [mɑː.múːd̪/mäɦ.múːd̪ ʃɑː(ʱ) d̪ʊɾ.ɾɑː.níː]
References
[edit]- ^ Murtazashvili, Jennifer Brick; Murtazashvili, Ilia (2021-09-09). Land, the State, and War: Property Institutions and Political Order in Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-108-49341-3.
External links
[edit]
- The British Library – Chronology: from the emergence of the Afghan Kingdom to the Mission of Mountstuart Elphistone, 1747–1809 Archived 2011-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
 Hotak Empire | |
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 Durrani Empire | |
 Barakzai Emirate | |
 Barakzai Kingdom | |
 Saqqawist Emirate (unrecognized) | |
| Barakzai Kingdom (restored) | |
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