List of cities by scientific output
The following article lists the cities and metropolitan areas with the greatest scientific output, according to the Nature Index. The Nature Index attempts to objectively measure the scientific output of institutions, cities and countries by the amount of scientific articles and papers published in leading journals. Differences in quality are taken into account. Only articles published in 82[note 1] selected quality journals are counted. All these journals are in the English language. They were selected by a committee. If authors from several institutions from different cities are involved in a scientific article, it is divided accordingly, assuming that all researchers were equally involved in the article.
In 2019, Beijing was the city in the world with the largest scientific output, accounting for 2.8% of the world's total.[2] New York City was second in the world, with about 2% of the world's total. Overall, China has the most cities in the top 100 list, followed by the United States.[3]
List
[edit]Listed below are the top 100 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals in 2024, according to the Nature Index 2025 Science Cities:[4]
Leading cities in different fields
[edit]The 10 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in the fields of biological sciences, Earth & environmental sciences, chemistry, health sciences, natural sciences and physical sciences:
Notes
[edit]- ^ The current complete list of the 82 leading scientific journals, as of September 2022, are: ACS Nano, Advanced Functional Materials, Advanced Materials, American Journal of Human Genetics, Analytical Chemistry, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Applied Physics Letters, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Cancer Cell, Cancer Research, Cell, Cell Host & Microbe, Cell Metabolism, Cell Stem Cell, Chemical Communications, Chemical Science, Current Biology, Developmental Cell, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Ecology Letters, eLife, Environmental Science & Technology, European Physical Journal C, Genes & Development, Genome Research, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Geology, Geophysical Research Letters, Immunity, Inorganic Chemistry, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal of Cell Biology, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Journal of High Energy Physics, Journal of Neuroscience, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Macromolecules, Molecular Cell, Molecular Psychiatry, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters, Nano Letters, Nature, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Cell Biology, Nature Chemical Biology, Nature Chemistry, Nature Climate Change, Nature Communications, Nature Genetics, Nature Geoscience, Nature Immunology, Nature Materials, Nature Medicine, Nature Methods, Nature Nanotechnology, Nature Neuroscience, Nature Photonics, Nature Physics, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Neuron, Organic Letters, Physical Review A, Physical Review B, Physical Review D, Physical Review Letters, Physical Review X, PLOS Biology, PLOS Genetics, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Science, Science Advances, Science Translational Medicine, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, The EMBO Journal, The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, The Plant Cell, and Water Research.[1]
- ^ Controlled by the
Republic of China on Taiwan. See also Political status of Taiwan and One China.
References
[edit]- ^ "Revisions to the Nature Index". nature.com. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Jia, Hepeng (2020-09-19). "Beijing, the seat of science capital". Nature. 585 (7826): S52 – S54. Bibcode:2020Natur.585S..52J. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02577-x.
- ^ "Leading 200 science cities 2025| | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. 2025-11-14. Retrieved 2025-11-16.
- ^ "Leading 200 science cities 2025| | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. 2025-11-14. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in chemistry | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in physical sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in Earth & environmental sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in natural sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in biological sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in health sciences | | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-11-23.