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Huang Shao-ku

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Chinese name, the family name is Huang.
Huang Shao-ku
黃少谷
President of the Judicial Yuan
In office
1 July 1979 – 1 May 1987
Preceded byTai Yen-hui
Succeeded byLin Yang-kang
Vice Premier of the Republic of China
In office
1 June 1966 – 1 July 1969
PremierYen Chia-kan
Preceded byYu Ching-tang
Succeeded byChiang Ching-kuo
In office
1 June 1954 – 15 July 1958
PremierChen Cheng
Yu Hung-Chun
Chen Cheng
Preceded byChang Li-sheng
Succeeded byWang Yunwu
1st Secretary-General of National Security Council of ROC
In office
1 February 1967 – 20 June 1979
PresidentChiang Kai-shek
Yen Chia-kan
Chiang Ching-kuo
Preceded byGu Zhutong (as counterpart in National Defense Council)
Succeeded byShen Chang-huan
Minister of Foreign Affair of the Republic of China
In office
14 July 1958 – 31 May 1960
Preceded byGeorge Yeh
Succeeded byShen Chang-huan
Personal details
Born24 July 1901
Nan County, Hunan, Qing Dynasty
Died16 October 1996(1996-10-16) (aged 95)
Taipei, Taiwan
NationalityRepublic of China
PartyKuomintang
SpouseHou Shu-fang
Children3, including Huang Jen-chung (zh)
RelativesHuang Ti-fei (zh) (Brother)
Hu Tung-Ching (zh) (Son-in-law via first daughter)
Konsin Shah (Son-in-law via second daughter)
Hsia Han-jen (zh) (Grandson via second daughter)
EducationBeijing Normal University (BA)

Huang Shao-ku ([xwǎŋ ʂâʊ kù]; Chinese: 黃少谷; pinyin: Huáng Shǎogǔ; 24 July 1901 – 16 October 1996) was a Chinese journalist, diplomat and ranking politician in Kuomintang. Born in Hunan, he emerged as a student and journalistic activist in the 1920s, initially associated with left-leaning circles before affiliating with Feng Yuxiang and later realigning with Chiang Kai-shek's camp as a leading member of the Tsotanhui Clique. Huang held several senior posts in the Republic of China government in Taiwan, most notably serving as Vice Premier (1954–1958; 1966–1969), Minister of Foreign Affair (1958–1960), inaugural Secretary-General of National Security Council (1967-1979) and President of the Judicial Yuan (1979–1987).

Biography

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Huang was born in Hunan in 1901. He received his secondary education at Mingde High School, where he held leadership positions in the student self-governing association and served as an editor of the school paper. In 1919, during the Hunan Autonomy Movement (zh) initiated by Mao Zedong, Huang organized and led the students of Mingde High School to join a class boycott and protest in support of the campaign.[1][2]

In 1921 Huang matriculated in the Department of Education at Beijing Normal University. After graduating he pursued a career in journalism and became associated with left-leaning publications; he served as editor-in-chief of the Guomin Wanbao (National Evening News),[3] a role that, together with his close acquaintance with Li Dazhao, marked him as aligned with socialist intellectual currents of the period. During the political repression of 1927—when Chiang Kai-shek started purge Communists and regional warlords such as Zhang Zuolin conducted searches for leftists—Huang was targeted as a leftist and came under threat. On Li Dazhao’s recommendation he sought refuge in Xi’an and affiliated himself with Feng Yuxiang’s Guominjun.[4][5] After securing his personal safety, Huang attended Li Dazhao’s funeral in 1933 and contributed an elegiac couplet in memory of the executed leader, writing: “How can one contemplate the martyr? The rivers and mountains have changed color; Through hardship I have become the one to outlive, leaving me ashamed before you."[6][7]

In 1927, at the age of 26, Huang was appointed by Feng Yuxiang as Chief of Staff of the General Headquarters of the Second Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army and was commissioned with the rank of lieutenant general.

During the Central Plains War in 1930, Feng Yuxiang and Wang Jingwei convened an expanded meeting of the Kuomintang party headquarters at Huairentang in Beijing and issued a communiqué opposing Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government. Huang participated in this conference as a representative of Feng's faction.[8][9]

In 1934, Huang Shao-ku and his wife Hou Shufang traveled to the United Kingdom to study at the London School of Economics, focusing on international economic relations. During the Xi'an Incident in 1936, Huang, together with other Chinese students studying in the UK, issued a statement calling for the immediate execution of Chiang Kai-shek.[10]

Following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Huang was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek to several key positions: Minister of the Kuomintang Propaganda Department, President of the Sao Dang Newspaper, Commissioner of the Control Yuan, Director of the Supreme National Defense Council, and Chair of the Political Department Planning Committee of the Military Affairs Commission during the wartime.[11]

After retreating to Taiwan with the Nationalist government in 1949, Huang held several ranking office for decades. In 1948, he had been elected to the first Legislative Yuan as a representative of the Press Association constituency, but soon resigned his legislative seat when he was appointed Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan in 1949. He was repeatedly named Minister without portfolio, serving in 1949–1950, 1951–1954, and 1958–1960, and was twice appointed Vice Premier, first from 1954 to 1958 and again from 1966 to 1969. From 1960 to 1962 he served abroad as the Republic of China’s Ambassador to Spain. He was Secretary-General of the National Security Council between 1967 and 1979, playing a prominent role in the government’s security policy during the Cold War period. He concluded his career as President of the Judicial Yuan from 1979 to 1987.

Within the Kuomintang (KMT), Huang was a member of the Tsotanhui Clique, a faction led by Chen Cheng.[12] After Chen's death, Huang, together with Ni Wen-ya and Chao Tzu-chi, jointly led the Tsotanhui Clique.[13]He also served as chairman of its affiliated organization, the New Politics Construction Foundation.[14]

In 1988, following the death of KMT chairman Chiang Ching-kuo, Huang sought to run for the party chairmanship.[15][16]

During the power struggle between Lee Teng-hui and Lin Yang-kang, Lee Huan, and Hau Pei-tsun, Huang sided with Lee Teng-hui.[17] In 1990, Huang, along with Hsieh Tung-min, Ni Wen-ya, Li Kuo-ting, Chiang Yen-shih, Yuan Shou-chien, Koo Chen-fu, and Chen Li-fu, persuaded Lin Yang-kang and his running mate Chiang Wei-kuo to withdraw from the presidential race. The group of eight senior KMT figures became known collectively as the "Eight Elders" (Chinese: 八大老).[18]

Huang died in 1996 at the age of 95.

References

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  1. ^ 雷聲週刊 (in Traditional Chinese). 雷渝齊. 1986.
  2. ^ 湖南文史资料选辑 (in Traditional Chinese). Vol. 第19－22卷. 湖南人民出版社. 1984.
  3. ^ 北京李大钊故居研究室 (2015). 李大钊北京十年（交往篇） (in Simplified Chinese). 中央编译局.
  4. ^ 李逹 (1987). 台灣權力核心。第 1 卷 (in Traditional Chinese). 廣角鏡出版社. ISBN 978-9622261235.
  5. ^ 國民黨領導階層分析 (in Traditional Chinese). 風雲出版社. 1987. pp. 127–128.
  6. ^ 王朝柱 (1989). 李大釗 (in Simplified Chinese). 中國青年出版社. p. 854. ISBN 9787500605669.
  7. ^ 李大钊与第一次国共合作：纪念李大钊诞辰一百周年(1889–1989) (in Simplified Chinese). 北京出版社. 1989. p. 185. ISBN 9787200006810.
  8. ^ 何明 主編 (2008-03-01). 五十一位中国国民党中常委的最后结局 (in Simplified Chinese). 中共党史出版社. p. 380. ISBN 9787801998989.
  9. ^ 李逹 (1987). 台灣權力核心。第 1 卷 (in Traditional Chinese). 廣角鏡出版社. p. 146. ISBN 978-9622261235.
  10. ^ 李敖 (1986). 蔣介石研究：誰通電殺蔣介石？ (in Traditional Chinese). 天元圖書有限公司. p. 160.
  11. ^ 國史館現藏民國人物傳記史料彙編 第17卷 (in Traditional Chinese). 國史館. 1988. ISBN 9789570215335.
  12. ^ 徐, 瑞希; Xu, Rui-Xi (1989). 遷臺後立法院內國民黨派系之研究（第五至第八十二會期） (Thesis) (in Chinese). 國立政治大學.
  13. ^ 李, 達 (1987). 台灣風雲名人錄 (in Chinese). Vol. 14. 廣角鏡出版社. p. 30. ISBN 978-962-226-136-5.
  14. ^ 李, 文玉 (1986). 台北檔案 (in Chinese). 李文玉. pp. 11, 20–21.
  15. ^ 民進周刊 (in Traditional Chinese). Vol. 46–49. 民進雜誌社. 1988. pp. 20–21.
  16. ^ 觀察 (in Traditional Chinese). Vol. 第 1 至 13 期. 觀察雜誌社. 1988. pp. 14, 25.
  17. ^ 民進廣場 (in Chinese). 民進雜誌社. 1988. p. 24.
  18. ^ 張文生 (2017-12-11). 臺灣政治轉型與分離主義（1988-2000） (in Traditional Chinese). 千華駐科技出版公司. p. 219. ISBN 9789575630522.
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