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Generative AI pornography

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Generative AI pornography or simply AI pornography is a digitally created pornography produced through generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Unlike traditional pornography, which involves real actors and cameras, this content is synthesized entirely by AI algorithms.[1] These algorithms, including generative adversarial networks (GANs) and text-to-image models, generate lifelike images, videos or animations from textual descriptions or datasets.

Overview

AI pornography platforms enable users to generate sexually explicit images through feature selection or text prompting. Users can select desirable traits of the generated humans, such as clothing and sociodemographic traits, as well as other visual parameters, such as the image's style or theme.[1][2] Prompt enhancers are often featured to improve outputs. On most websites, generated images are then categorized into galleries of user‑generated content available to watch by other users. While image generation remains the primary source of content, short pornographic videos or GIFs and image editing tools such as nudifiers, deepfakes, and facemorphing can also be supported.[1]

Users may edit generated images (both their own and others'), refine prior prompts, modify others' work or upload personal material as base images used to train the algorithm. Some websites additionally host interactive chatbots, customizable in real time for appearance, personality, memories, speech and profession, enabling tailored sexual and non‑sexual interactions.[1] Less common features include VR integration, AI porn games, audio or doodle prompts, and consensual replication of individuals with verification.[3]

History

The use of generative AI to create explicit images emerged in 2022 on Reddit and 4chan[2] and became prominent in the early 2020s[4] with Stability AI's release of Stable Diffusion (SD), an open-source text-to-image model that enables users to generate images, including NSFW content, from text prompts using the LAION-Aesthetics subset of the LAION-5B dataset.[5] SD's public release was accompanied with a rise of both explicit and non-explicit media. Due to SD's open source nature and unrestricted prompting, debates arose over open-access AI and its use in adult media.[6][7] Overtime, AI tools had advanced to generate highly realistic adult content, amplifying calls for regulation.[8]

Types

AI-generated influencers

One application of generative AI technology is the creation of AI-generated virtual influencers on platforms such as OnlyFans and Instagram.[4][9] These AI personas interact with users in ways that can mimic real human engagement, offering an entirely synthetic but convincing experience.[10] The AI influencers caused concerns about the consent of people, whose voice or likeness were used as training data, as well as the AI-human interactions blurring the line between human and AI-generated content.[11]

AI porn sites

AI-generated erotic art of furry characters; specific prompts can be used to generate images of certain fetishes.

Websites dedicated to AI-generated explicit content cater to audiences seeking customizable experiences.[8][9] These platforms allow users to create erotic or pornographic AI content or view content generated by other users tailored to their preferences.[1][12] Tags are often used to refine the output, allowing highly specialized content with the ability to select body types, facial features, sexual fetishes and art styles.[13][14] Many sites feature extensive image libraries and continuous content feeds generated by users.[8][15]

Ethical concerns and misuse

Generative AI pornography is highly controversial.[8][9][12] AI technology can be exploited to create non-consensual pornographic material, posing risks similar to those seen with deepfake revenge porn.[8][16] A 2023 analysis found that 98% of deepfake videos online are pornographic, with 99% of the victims being women.[17] Some famous celebrities victims of deepfake include Scarlett Johansson, Taylor Swift, and Maisie Williams.[18]

OpenAI is exploring whether NSFW content, such as erotica, can be responsibly generated in age-appropriate contexts while maintaining its ban on deepfakes.[19][20] Additionally, the Internet Watch Foundation has raised concerns about AI being used to generate sexual abuse content involving children.[20] The Washington Post noted that, while proprietary models, such as ChatGPT, implement restrictions on generating adult content, such restrictions are either not present on local open-source artificial intelligence models, such as Stable Diffusion, or can be easily curcumvented due to the open source nature of the models.[6]

AI-generated non-consensual intimate imagery (AI Undress)

A drawing being digitally altered using AI to appear nude

Generative AI has been used to produce explicit images and videos of non-consenting individuals, most notably celebrities. 404 Media reported a particular Telegram bot used to generate AI videos that has more than 100,000 monthly users.[21] Chinese tech group Alibaba released an AI video generation model in 2025 called Wan 2.1, which was modified to produce non-consensual pornography.[21]

Several US states are taking actions against using deepfake apps and sharing them on the internet.[22][23] In 2024, San Francisco filed a landmark lawsuit to shut down "undress" apps that allow users to generate non-consensual AI nude images, citing violations of state laws.[24] The case aligns with California's recent legislation, supported by Senators Aisha Wahab and Josh Becker and signed by Governor Gavin Newsom. These bills aim to protect individuals from being used in unconsensual AI-generated explicit images by criminalizing non-consensual distribution, mandating disclosures of AI-generated content and allowing victims to report and remove harmful content from platforms.[23][25]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Dubé, Simon; Lapointe, Valerie A. (April 9, 2024). "AI-generated pornography will disrupt the adult content industry and raise new ethical concerns". The Conversation. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  2. 1 2 Silberling, Amanda; Wiggers, Kyle (September 2, 2022). "AI is getting better at generating porn". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  3. ↑ Lapointe, Valerie A.; Dubé, Simon; Rukhlyadyev, Sophia; Kessai, Tinhinane; Lafortune, David (2025-03-03). "The Present and Future of Adult Entertainment: A Content Analysis of AI-Generated Pornography Websites". Archives of Sexual Behavior: 9–13. doi:10.1007/s10508-025-03099-1. ISSN 1573-2800.
  4. 1 2 "Deepfake pornography could be a growing problem as AI editing programs become more sophisticated - CBS News". CBS News. April 17, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  5. ↑ Cole, Samantha (December 20, 2023). "Largest Dataset Powering AI Images Removed After Discovery of Child Sexual Abuse Material". 404 Media. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  6. 1 2 Harwell, Drew (June 19, 2023). "AI-generated child sex images spawn new nightmare for the web". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  7. ↑ Rowland, Tim (April 13, 2023). "AI porn is now a thing, and I'm ready to let the modern culture bus go on without me". Herald-Mail Media. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Weiss, Ben (February 18, 2024). "Can AI porn be ethical?". The Guardian. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 Pandey, Kamya (March 30, 2023). "AI in the Porn Industry: Exploring the Benefits, Risks and Ethical Concerns - Jumpstart Magazine". Jumpstart Magazine. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  10. ↑ Tangermann, Victor (November 27, 2023). "Creators of Fake Influencer Say She's Generating $11,000/Month". Futurism. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  11. ↑ Dickson, Ej (April 10, 2023). "They're Selling Nudes of Imaginary Women on Reddit -- and It's Working". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  12. 1 2 A. Lapointe, Valerie; Dubé, Simon (April 9, 2024). "AI-generated pornography will disrupt the adult content industry and raise new ethical concerns". Yahoo News. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  13. ↑ "How To Use Prompting And Tags More Effectively". CreatePorn.com. January 25, 2024. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  14. ↑ Rebelo, Miguel (May 25, 2023). "How to write effective AI art prompts". Zapier. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Will AI porn transform adult entertainment – and is that a good thing?". The Week. February 29, 2024. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  16. ↑ "The Ethics of Customizable AI-generated Pornography". DePauw University. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  17. ↑ Hurst, Luke (October 20, 2023). "How AI is driving an explosive rise in deepfake pornography". Euronews. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  18. ↑ Marr, Bernard (September 27, 2019). "How AI Is Transforming Porn And Adult Entertainment". Forbes. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  19. ↑ Knibbs, Kate (May 8, 2024). "OpenAI Is 'Exploring' How to Responsibly Generate AI Porn". Wired. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  20. 1 2 "OpenAI considers allowing users to create AI-generated pornography". The Guardian. May 9, 2024. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  21. 1 2 Maiberg, Emanuel (2025-05-05). "100,000 People Are Using a Telegram Bot That Makes AI Cumshot Videos of Anyone". 404 Media. Retrieved 2025-09-17.
  22. ↑ Williams, Kaylee (September 12, 2024). "US States Struggle to Define "Deepfakes" and Related Terms as Technically Complex Legislation Proliferates". Tech Policy Press. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  23. 1 2 "The Urgent Need For U S Deepfake Pornography Laws State Action Leads The Way". CreatePorn.com. No. September 27, 2024. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  24. ↑ O'Brien, Matt; Hadero, Haleluya (August 16, 2024). "San Francisco goes after websites that make AI deepfake nudes of women and girls". AP News. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  25. ↑ Day, Brian (September 25, 2024). "California cracks down on AI-generated 'sexually explicit deepfakes'". Ventura County Star. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
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