Astore River
| Astore River | |
|---|---|
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| Physical characteristics | |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Doyan Gauging Station, Astore |
| • average | 140 m3/s (4,900 cu ft/s)[1] |
| • minimum | 37.52 m3/s (1,325 cu ft/s)[1] |
| • maximum | 232.24 m3/s (8,201 cu ft/s)[1] |
Astor River (Urdu: دریائے استور) is the main river flowing across the Astore Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Indus River, and one of the rivers draining the Deosai Plateau.
Course
[edit]
The river originates on the western slopes of Burzil Pass and flows through the eastern slope of Nanga Parbat of the western Himalaya Range.[1][2][3] Rupal River is a major tributary of Astore. It is mainly fed by melting snow. Astore River joins Indus at coordinates 35°34′13″N 74°38′43″E / 35.57028°N 74.64528°E.[4]
Hydrology
[edit]The catchment area of Astore River is 4,040 km2 (1,560 sq mi) while its mean annual discharge during the period 1981–2010 is 140 m3/s (4,900 cu ft/s), with a minimum and maximum discharge of 37 m3/s (1,300 cu ft/s) and 232 m3/s (8,200 cu ft/s), respectively.[1]
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Ul Hussan, Waqas; Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad; Seidel, Frank; Costa, Anna; Nestmann, Franz (2020-03-06). "Comparative Assessment of Spatial Variability and Trends of Flows and Sediments under the Impact of Climate Change in the Upper Indus Basin". Water. 12 (3): 730. Bibcode:2020Water..12..730U. doi:10.3390/w12030730. hdl:20.500.11850/409275. ISSN 2073-4441.
- ^ Sultana, K.; Muqarrab Shah; T.M.Upson (2007). "Altitudinal Distribution of Grasses, Sedges and Rushes of Deosai Plateau: Pakistan". The Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 6 (11): 2518. ISSN 1579-4377. Archived from the original on 2009-12-18. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ Ahmad, Nafis; O.Lodrick, Deryck (8 October 2024). "Astor River - tributary of Indus River". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ GeoNames. "Astor River". Retrieved 2024-11-09.
Further reading
[edit]- Tahir, A.Ahmed; Chevallier, Pierre; Arnaud, Yves; Ashraf, Muhammad; Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif (2015). "Snow cover trend and hydrological characteristics of the Astore River basin (Western Himalayas) and its comparison to the Hunza basin (Karakoram region)". Science of the Total Environment. 505: 748–761. Bibcode:2015ScTEn.505..748T. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.065. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 25461078.
