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Next Polish parliamentary election

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Next Polish parliamentary election
← 2023
By 11 November 2027
All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Leader Jarosław Kaczyński Donald Tusk Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
Party PiS KO PSL
Leader since 18 January 2003 8 March 2026[a]
(presumptive) 		7 November 2015
Last election 35.4%, 194 seats 30.7%, 157 seats 5.9%, 32 seats[b]
Current seats 188 156 32
 
Leader Włodzimierz Czarzasty Sławomir Mentzen
Krzysztof Bosak 		Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz
Party NL Confederation[e] PL2050
Leader since 9 October 2021[c] 15 October 2022
12 May 2023 		31 January 2026
Last election 6.5%, 19 seats[d] 6.3%, 16 seats[f] 7.2%, 33 seats[b]
Current seats 21 16 15
 
Leader Adrian Zandberg
Aleksandra Owca 		Grzegorz Braun
Party Razem KKP
Leader since 27 November 2022
3 December 2024 		7 September 2019
Last election 2.1%, 7 seats[d] 0.9%, 2 seats[f]
Current seats 4 3
Incumbent Government

Third Tusk cabinet
KO—PSL—PL2050—NL



Parliamentary elections will be held in Poland by 11 November 2027 at the latest to elect members of the Sejm and Senate, although they can be held sooner if a snap election is called. The last snap election was in 2007. The previous elections in 2023 saw the Law and Justice party win the most seats but fail to form a governing coalition, with a coalition government led by Civic Platform's Donald Tusk formed.

Background

[edit]

The election succeeds a declining vote share for the Law and Justice (PiS) party since the 2023 parliamentary election. The election follows the 2025 presidential election, where the party's candidate, Karol Nawrocki, scored a major upset victory against Rafał Trzaskowski of the Civic Coalition.

Following a warming of relations between PiS, led by Jarosław Kaczyński, and the far-right Confederation (KWiN), led by libertarian Sławomir Mentzen and nationalist Krzysztof Bosak, during the 2025 presidential election, PiS changed course to clash with the Confederation. The turn of relations began with PiS issuing and asking the Confederation to sign onto the "Polish Declaration" (Polish: Deklaracja Polska), which included points such as "housing as a right, not a commodity" that conflicted with KWiN's economically liberal policies, as well as promises to never form a coalition with the ruling Civic Coalition.[1] On 12 September 2025, Kaczyński condemned the inclusion of Mentzen in a possible coalition, comparing the worldview promoted by the Confederation to Pinochetism.[2]

In late 2025, Law and Justice saw the reignition of the factional conflict between moderate faction of former prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and the radical faction of Przemysław Czarnek. Despite attempts by Morawiecki to regain his power, the party shifted further to the right, and Morawiecki's faction became increasingly marginalized.[3] The radical faction of the party led by Czarnek[g] was given initiative over the party's electoral program for the upcoming parliamentary election.[4]

Electoral system

[edit]

The Sejm is elected by party-list proportional representation with seats allocated via the d'Hondt method in multi-seat constituencies,[5] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities).

The date of the election will be set by the President of Poland. If the election is not called early, it has to take place within 30 days before the expiration of the current term and fall on a non-working day. The possible dates are:

Political parties

[edit]

The Civic Coalition is a coalition made up of Civic Coalition (merger of Civic Platform, Modern, and Polish Initiative) and the Greens. The PO had been Poland's second largest party in the Sejm since 2015, and earned the largest number of votes in the 2024 EP election. They were the leading party of government from 2007 to 2015 and were members of the European People's Party Group (EPP Group). In October 2025, PO and its minor partners within the Civic Coalition merged into a single party of the same name, while the Greens opted to remain separate.

Law and Justice is a right-wing populist party that governed Poland following its electoral list alone gaining a majority of seats between 2015 and 2023 and was also the leading party of a minority and later coalition government from 2005 to 2007. It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group.

Poland 2050 is a centre-right party led by Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz who was elected in January 2026 to replace outgoing Szymon Hołownia, a longtime party leader who was a journalist and presenter before entering politics in 2020. It is a Christian democratic party with socially conservative, liberal-conservative and pro-European views. In the 2023 election, it ran together with the Polish People's Party in the Third Way alliance, which was dissolved in June 2025. It represents the conservative faction of the ruling coalition.

The Polish People's Party is the oldest still functioning party in Poland. Originally founded in 1895 as an agrarian peasant movement, its identity constantly shifted over time. From 1990 to late 2000s, it acted as a left-wing, agrarian socialist but socially conservative post-communist party; after forming a coalition with the Civic Platform in 2007, it shifted towards the centre and embraced economic liberalism, and it subsequently became a right-wing party in the 2010s. The shift solidified with the election of Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz as leader in 2015. It entered the government coalition in 2023 where it acted as a right-wing force, blocking socially liberal reforms.

The New Left is composed of social liberals and social democrats. The alliance's main predecessor, Democratic Left Alliance has been in government coalitions twice, in 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. NL is a member of the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group.

Confederation is a de jure party but de facto coalition of New Hope and the National Movement. They hold a mixture of right-libertarian, right-wing populist and nationalist views. They are members of Europe of Sovereign Nations Group (New Hope) and Patriots for Europe (National Movement).

Razem is a social democratic and progressive party,[6][7] with democratic socialist and social liberal elements.[8][9] It was elected as part of The Left alliance together with New Left and became a part of the ruling coalition, but it left the government and moved to opposition in October 2024 in protest of the ruling parties' austerity economic policy.[10] The party fielded its own candidate in the 2025 Polish presidential election,[11] and is considered likely to run independently in the next parliamentary election as well.[12]

Confederation of the Polish Crown is a Catholic fundamentalist and monarchist political party led by Grzegorz Braun.[13] It was part of the Confederation coalition until January 2025, when Braun was expelled from the alliance.[14] In the 2025 Polish presidential election, Braun won 6.34% of the popular vote, gaining fourth place, even though he was only seventh in the polls.[15] Following this unexpected success, Braun announced the creation of a "broad fire extinguisher front" to contest the next parliamentary election, which would represent "the right that is truly anti-systemic, not drifting towards the centre" and which is "truly national and Catholic".[16] In 2025, it formed an electoral alliance to the Senate with Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy, which received 1.86% of the vote to the Sejm and 4.91% to the Senate in 2023.

Direct Democacy is a small right-wing parliamentary group based on the previous party of Paweł Kukiz and Marek Jakubiak, Kukiz'15.[17] Its 4 MPs were elected in the 2023 election from the electoral lists of Law and Justice and then formed its own independent parliamentary group. The party ran in the 2025 presidential election, where its leader Jakubiak won 0.77% of the popular vote in the first round, and subsequently endorsed Karol Nawrocki, the candidate of PiS, for the second. The party seeks to present a right-wing alternative based on uniting patriotic movements as well as those disappointed with the agricultural policies of PiS.[18][19] The circle removed Jakubiak on 27 January 2026,[20] renaming itself to Direct Democracy,[21] and Jarosław Sachajko becoming its new leader.

Parties in Parliament

[edit]
Party/Alliance Leader(s) Ideology 2023 result Current seats Status
Sejm Senate Sejm Senate
Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
 Jarosław Kaczyński National conservatism
Right-wing populism
194 / 460
34 / 100
188 / 460
34 / 100
 Opposition
Civic Coalition
Koalicja Obywatelska
 Donald Tusk Liberal conservatism
Pro-Europeanism
157 / 460
41 / 100
156 / 460
42 / 100
 Governing coalition
Poland 2050
Polska 2050 		Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz Christian democracy
Social conservatism
65 / 460
11 / 100
15 / 460
1 / 100
 Governing coalition
Polish People's Party
Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
 Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz Christian democracy
Conservatism
32 / 460
7 / 100
 Governing coalition
New Left
Nowa Lewica
 Włodzimierz Czarzasty Social democracy
Social liberalism
26 / 460
9 / 100
21 / 460
8 / 100
 Governing coalition
Centre
Centrum 		— Liberalism
Centrism 		Part of Third Way
15 / 460
3 / 100
 Governing coalition
Confederation Liberty and Independence
Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość
List
 Sławomir Mentzen
Krzysztof Bosak 		Right-wing populism
Polish nationalism
18 / 460
0 / 100
16 / 460
0 / 100
 Opposition
Together Party
Partia Razem 		Aleksandra Owca
Adrian Zandberg 		Social democracy
Democratic socialism 		Part of New Left
4 / 460
0 / 100
 Opposition
(Government support 2023–2024)
Direct Democracy
Demokracja Bezpośrednia
List
 Jarosław Sachajko Conservatism
Right-wing populism 		Part of Law and Justice
4 / 460
0 / 100
 Opposition
Confederation of the Polish Crown
Konfederacja Korony Polskiej 		Grzegorz Braun Enthronement
Ultranationalism 		Part of Confederation Liberty and Independence
3 / 460
0 / 100
 Opposition
New Poland
Nowa Polska 		Zygmunt Frankiewicz Conservative liberalism
Centrism 		— Part of Senate Pact 2023
0 / 460
3 / 100
 —
Independents (government supporters)
0 / 460
5 / 100
4 / 460
2 / 100
 Government support
Independents (government opponents)
0 / 460
2 / 460
 Opposition

Campaign

[edit]

The upset victory of Law and Justice (PiS)-endorsed Karol Nawrocki at the country's 2025 presidential election revealed a change in the Polish political landscape. Following the presidential election, right-wing parties overtook the governing coalition in opinion polls for a short time to then drop again. However, the shift favoured the far-right rather than the mainstream PiS which saw an ever widening polling deficit between it and KO, despite the victory of Nawrocki.[22]

The far-right Confederation Liberty and Independence (KWiN) and Confederation of the Polish Crown (KKP) surged in popularity after their candidates, Sławomir Mentzen and Grzegorz Braun, respectively, overperformed in the presidential election — with Mentzen earning 15% of the vote, and Braun 6%. Braun's party became a significant political factor as the most anti-establishment party,[23] and polls in November and December showed a quarter of Poles wanted Braun to enter the next cabinet.[24] In late 2025, PiS scored its worst polling results in years, with polls suggesting many of their voters defecting to KKP and KWiN,[25] although especially the former — a December 2025 Onet report estimated that 64% of KKP voters had voted for PiS in the previous election, whereas only 30% of KWiN's supporters voted for PiS two years prior.[26] As the two Confederations grew in support, a February 2026 poll showed that most voters for right-wing parties overwhelmingly supported a broad right-wing coalition including PiS, KWiN and KKP.[27]

PiS held a programmatic convention in Katowice on 24–25 October 2025 titled "Myśląc: Polska" (English: Thinking: Poland).[28] During the convention, chairman Kaczyński commented on the situation in the country, highlighting economic matters, healthcare and security as Poland's most important issues. He condemned European integration, describing it as German imperialism and erosion of Polish statehood.[29] The convention included 128 panels[30] discussing a wide range of topics and conceptual ideas such as a universal basic income of 500 PLN, a voucher for home-buying families or automatic tax payment by AI.[31]

Following the 2025 presidential election, the four coalition parties entered a season of internal leadership elections and reorganization, beginning with the Civic Coalition (KO) alliance uniting its three main member parties into a party of the same name at the Civic Coalition unification congress as a beginning step of their 2027 campaign,[32] followed by upcoming leadership elections in the Polish People's Party, New Left, KO and Poland 2050 — the last being most prominent, with leader Szymon Hołownia retiring amid poor performances of the party to enter a career in international politics, and its leadership election scheduled for January 2026.[33] The Polish People's Party, New Left and Civic Coalition reelected their leaders unanimously,[34][35] meanwhile Poland 2050's election was controversial, polarizing and competetive. Despite Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz narrowly emerging victorious over Paulina Hennig-Kloska, the latter and her supporters split off to form Centre.

Opinion polls

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the next Polish parliamentary election

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Donald Tusk previously also served as chairman of the Civic Platform between 3 July 2021–25 October 2025 before its consolidation into the Civic Coalition, and as the interim leader of the Civic Coalition party since 25 October 2025.
  2. ^ a b As part of the Third Way coalition, which won 14.4% of the vote and 65 seats in total.
  3. ^ Włodzimierz Czarzasty previously also served as chairman of the Democratic Left Alliance between 23 January 2016–9 October 2021 before its consolidation into the New Left, as co-leader of the New Left with Robert Biedroń between 9 October 2021–14 December 2025, and as the sole leader of the New Left since 14 December 2025.
  4. ^ a b As part of The Left, which won 8.6% of the vote and 26 seats in total.
  5. ^ Party list with the participation of NN and RN.
  6. ^ a b As part of Confederation, which won 7.2% of the vote and 18 seats in total.
  7. ^ In the initial announcement, aside from Czarnek, Mariusz Błaszczak, Tobiasz Bocheński, Patryk Jaki and Jacek Sasin were made the primary politicians responsible for the party's program, with all but Błaszczak being considered part of Czarnek's faction
  8. ^ Sum of individual polling results of the following parties:
      Coalition
      PiS+KWiN
      Razem
      Confederation of the Polish Crown
      Coalition+Razem
      Right opposition
      Parliamentary opposition

References

[edit]
  1. ^
    • Bartkiewicz, Artur (25 July 2025). "PiS przedstawia "Deklarację polską". Apel Jarosława Kaczyńskiego do Konfederacji". Rzeczpospolita. Retrieved 2025-09-03.
    • Majmurek, Jakub (25 July 2025). "Kaczyński będzie miał z Mentzenem wielki problem [OPINIA]". Newsweek Polska. Retrieved 2025-09-03.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
    • Bartkiewicz, Artur (31 July 2025). "Artur Bartkiewicz: Starcie PiS i Konfederacji to polityczny teatr. Każdy gra swoją rolę". Rzeczpospolita. Retrieved 2025-09-03.
    • Mazzini, Mateusz (1 August 2025). "Konfederacja pręży muskuły przed PiS, Mentzen stawia się Kaczyńskiemu. Nie za wcześnie?". Polityka. Retrieved 2025-09-03.
  2. ^ Psujek, Grzegorz (12 September 2025). "Koalicja PiS i Konfederacji. Jarosław Kaczyński mówi wprost". Business Insider. Retrieved 2025-09-12.
  3. ^
  4. ^ Michalski, Patryk (21 November 2025). "Bez Morawieckiego. Kaczyński zdecydował, kto ma przygotować program". Wirtualna Polska. Retrieved 2025-11-26.
  5. ^ "Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I". Election Resources. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  6. ^ Gospodarczyk, Marta (2024). "4. Polish Peasant in Poland: Peasants in the Narratives of Polish Nation-Building". In Marta Bucholc (ed.). Established-Outsiders Relations in Poland: Reconfiguring Elias and Scotson. Palgrave Studies on Norbert Elias. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 99. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49523-6. ISBN 978-3-031-49523-6. ISSN 2662-3110. People's history of Poland is usually associated with the history of Polish peasants, which permeates the discourse of leftwing parties, especially the social-democratic party Razem (Together).
  7. ^ "Poland's fractured left: A year of split, struggle, and survival - Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières". www.europe-solidaire.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  8. ^ Wondreys, Jakub; March, Luke [in Spanish]; Pytlas, Bartek (28 September 2024). "'My enemy's enemy is my friend'? European radical left parties' response to Russia's war in Ukraine". The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 27 (3). Political Studies Association: 26. doi:10.1177/13691481241284204. Because the Left group's sole Eastern representative (KSČM) currently has no national parliamentary representation, we included Razem, a democratic socialist party with social democratic elements, that has national representation but no MEP.
  9. ^ Amini, Babak (2016). The Radical Left in Europe in the Age of Austerity. Routledge. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-138-67356-4. However, it is difficult to judge its chances so far. It is doubtful if the model of the successful Greek Coalition of the radical left (SYRIZA) can be applied in post-communist states. A similar attempt occurred also in Poland with Razem [Together], established in 2015, in this case not taking an explicitly anti-capitalist position but rather advocating grassroots activism and Green social liberalism.
  10. ^ Tilles, Daniel (28 October 2024). "Small left-wing party cuts ties with Poland's ruling coalition". Notes from Poland.
  11. ^ Przybył, Sebastian (11 January 2025). "Partia Razem odsłoniła karty. Wskazała kandydata na prezydenta". Interia (in Polish).
  12. ^ "Nowy sondaż partyjny. Tak zmieniło się poparcie od wyborów". Telewizja Polska (in Polish). 17 March 2025.
  13. ^ Przemysław Witkowski; Jakub Woroncow; Dominik Puchała (2023). "The Polish Independence March as a Contact Hub and a Model for European Extremism January 2023" (PDF). Counter Extremism Project (CEP). p. 29.
  14. ^ "Sąd partyjny Konfederacji zdecydował o skreśleniu Grzegorza Brauna z listy członków". TVN24 (in Polish). 17 January 2025.
  15. ^ Burzec, Marcelina (22 May 2025). "Why did nationalist parties do so well in the first round of Poland's presidential election?". Euronews.
  16. ^ ""Ujawnił się szeroki front gaśnicowy". Grzegorz Braun zapowiada walkę w kolejnych wyborach". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). 18 May 2025.
  17. ^ "Marek JAKUBIAK "kandydat 0,17 procent"". Wszystko co najważniejsze (in Polish). 28 November 2024.
  18. ^ "Kukiz: spróbujemy stworzyć siłę, która odsunie kosmopolitów i złych ludzi od władzy" (in Polish). 17 October 2024.
  19. ^ "Paweł Kukiz zaskoczył. Powołał nowe koło poselskie w Sejmie". Business Insider (in Polish). 17 October 2024.
  20. ^ Siwek, Adrian (30 January 2026). "TYLKO U NAS. Dlaczego Jakubiak został wyrzucony z koła? Kukiz ujawnia, co się stało: "Na tym cała zabawa się skończyła"". wPolityce.pl. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  21. ^ "Marek Jakubiak żegna się z kołem Pawła Kukiza. "Jestem zaskoczony"". TVN Info. 27 January 2026. Retrieved 2026-01-29.
  22. ^ Szacki, Wojciech (27 November 2025). "PiS w defensywie. Rozmawiamy z politykami partii Kaczyńskiego. Oto, co wynika z ich opowieści". Polityka. Retrieved 2025-11-27.
  23. ^
  24. ^
    • "Koroniarze rosną w siłę. Grzegorza Brauna w rządzie widzi jeszcze więcej Polaków [SONDAŻ]". Onet. 27 November 2025. Retrieved 2025-11-27. Ponad połowa badanych (51,2 proc.) jest przeciwko Braunowi w rządzie. Jednak niemal jedna czwarta ankietowanych (24,1 proc.) ocenia taki scenariusz pozytywnie. [Over half of respondents (51.2%) were against Braun in the government. However almost a quarter (24.1%) rated such a scenario positively.]
    • "Jak Polacy oceniają pomysł utworzenia koalicji PiS z Konfederacją Brauna? Sondaż dla "Faktów" TVN i TVN24". TVN 24. 23 December 2025. Retrieved 2025-12-23. Respondenci zostali zapytani o to, jak oceniają pomysł stworzenia koalicji Prawa i Sprawiedliwości i Konfederacji Korony Polskiej Grzegorza Brauna. Dobrze ocenia go 25 procent badanych (6 procent "zdecydowanie dobrze" i 19 procent "raczej dobrze"). Przeciwnego zdania jest większość respondentów (57 procent), przy czym "raczej źle" uważa 20 procent, a "zdecydowanie źle" aż 37 procent respondentów. [Respondents were asked about how they rate the idea of creating a coalition between Law and Justice and the KKP of Grzegorz Braun. 25 percent of respondents rate it well (6 percent "decisively well" and 19 percent "rather well"). Of the opposite opinion were the majority of respondents (57 percent), where 20 percent were "rather against" and 37 percent "decisively against".]
  25. ^ Stankiewicz, Andrzej; Gądek, Jacek (26 November 2025). "PiS w sondażach jest najsłabsze od lat. Mamy wewnętrzne analizy partii". Onet. Retrieved 2025-11-26.
  26. ^ Rogalski, Michał (17 December 2025). "Kto tworzy elektorat Grzegorza Brauna? Wyniki są katastrofą dla PiS". Onet. Retrieved 2025-12-17.
  27. ^ Brzozowski, Adam (8 February 2026). "Koalicja Kaczyńskiego, Mentzena i Brauna? Wyborcy dali już zielone światło. Co teraz zrobią politycy?". Super Express. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  28. ^ "Ruszyła konwencja PiS. Kaczyński: kluczowe tematy to bezpieczeństwo, sprawy społeczne i gospodarka". Polish Press Agency. 24 October 2025. Retrieved 2025-11-14.
  29. ^ Malinowski, Przemysław (24 October 2025). "Konwencja PiS. Jarosław Kaczyński ostrzega przed planami UE. "To kwestia być albo nie być Polski"". Rzeczpospolita. Retrieved 2025-11-14.
  30. ^ Gądek, Jacek; Długosz, Dominika (28 October 2025). "Gorąco na konwencji PiS. "Jarosław Kaczyński go wybatożył"". Onet. Retrieved 2025-11-14.
  31. ^ Kolanko, Michał (26 October 2025). "PiS w Katowicach zaczął szyć swój program. Od AI Tax po bon mieszkaniowy". Rzeczpospolita. Retrieved 2025-11-14.
  32. ^ Foksowicz, Justyna (20 October 2025). "Powstanie nowa partia Tuska. Kierwiński: "Będzie zmiana szyldu"". Tygodnik Solidarność. Retrieved 2025-10-20.
  33. ^ Szpala, Iwona (10 November 2025). "Wybory w partiach koalicji. W PSL "wszyscy kochają Władka", w KO "szef jest jeden"". Gazeta Wyborcza. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  34. ^ Michalak, Ada (15 November 2025). "PSL wybrało nowe władze ugrupowania. Kto został prezesem i szefem Rady Naczelnej?". Rzeczpospolita. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  35. ^ Tomasik, Michał (17 December 2025). "Czarzasty znów szefem Lewicy. "Tusk, Kosiniak i Kaczyński wygrali u siebie. To nie czas na zmiany"". Polityka. Retrieved 2025-12-17.
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