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2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

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2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi
← 2010
November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06)
2014 →
All 4 Mississippi seats to the United States House of Representatives
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party Republican Democratic Reform
Last election 3 1 0
Seats won 3 1 0
Seat change Steady Steady Steady
Popular vote 703,635 411,398 64,581
Percentage 58.24% 34.05% 5.35%
Swing Increase 4.53% Decrease 10.42% Increase 4.81%

The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, and elected the four U.S. representatives from the state of Mississippi. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate.

Overview

[edit]
United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 2012[1]
Party Votes Percentage Seats +/–
Republican 703,635 58.24% 3 Steady
Democratic 411,398 34.05% 1 Steady
Reform 64,581 5.35% 0 Steady
Libertarian 21,566 1.79% 0 Steady
Constitution 2,390 0.20% 0 Steady
Independents 4,605 0.38% 0 Steady
Totals 1,208,175 100.00% 4 Steady

District 1

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 1st congressional district election
← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Alan Nunnelee Brad Morris
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 186,760 114,076
Percentage 60.4% 36.9%
County results
Nunnelee:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Morris:      40–50%      50–60%
U.S. Representative before election

Alan Nunnelee
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Alan Nunnelee
Republican

Republican Alan Nunnelee, who has represented Mississippi's 1st congressional district since January 2011, ran for re-election.[2]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]
  • Robert Estes, owner of Estes Grading and Trucking
  • Henry Ross, former mayor of Eupora and candidate for this seat in 2010[3]

Primary results

[edit]
Republican primary results[4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Alan Nunnelee (incumbent) 43,518 57.4
Republican Henry Ross 22,067 28.9
Republican Robert Estes 10,394 13.7
Total votes 75,979 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Brad Morris, attorney and former chief of staff to former representative Travis Childers
Withdrawn
[edit]

Primary results

[edit]
Democratic primary results
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Brad Morris 11,120 100.0
Total votes 11,120 100.0

Reform primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Libertarian primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Danny Bedwell

Constitution primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Jim Bourland

General election

[edit]

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[7] Safe R November 5, 2012
Rothenberg[8] Safe R November 2, 2012
Roll Call[9] Safe R November 4, 2012
Sabato's Crystal Ball[10] Safe R November 5, 2012
NY Times[11] Safe R November 4, 2012
RCP[12] Safe R November 4, 2012
The Hill[13] Safe R November 4, 2012

Results

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 1st congressional district election[14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Alan Nunnelee (incumbent) 186,760 60.4
Democratic Brad Morris 114,076 36.9
Libertarian Danny Bedwell 3,584 1.2
Constitution Jim R. Bourland 2,390 0.8
Reform Chris Potts 2,367 0.8
Total votes 309,177 100.0
Republican hold

By county

[edit]
County[14] Alan Nunnelee
Republican 		Brad Morris
Democratic 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total
# % # % # % # %
Alcorn 9,713 68.31% 3,856 27.12% 650 4.57% 5,857 41.19% 14,219
Benton 1,891 49.14% 1,830 47.56% 127 3.30% 61 1.59% 3,848
Calhoun 4,158 61.34% 2,429 35.83% 192 2.83% 1,729 25.51% 6,779
Chickasaw 3,814 47.41% 3,995 49.66% 236 2.93% -181 -2.25% 8,045
Choctaw 2,704 66.40% 1,236 30.35% 132 3.24% 1,468 36.05% 4,072
Clay 4,355 41.20% 5,975 56.52% 241 2.28% -1,620 -15.32% 10,571
DeSoto 42,284 65.88% 20,171 31.43% 1,730 2.70% 22,113 34.45% 64,185
Itawamba 5,824 63.78% 3,078 33.71% 229 2.51% 2,746 30.07% 9,131
Lafayette 10,609 55.96% 7,837 41.34% 513 2.71% 2,772 14.62% 18,959
Lee 21,108 60.88% 12,946 37.34% 619 1.79% 8,162 23.54% 34,673
Lowndes 13,424 51.21% 11,979 45.70% 810 3.09% 1,445 5.51% 26,213
Marshall 6,284 41.81% 8,289 55.15% 457 3.04% -2,005 -13.34% 15,030
Monroe 9,302 57.13% 6,607 40.58% 373 2.29% 2,695 16.55% 16,282
Oktibbeha (part) 753 54.60% 582 42.20% 44 3.19% 171 12.40% 1,379
Pontotoc 8,837 73.36% 2,919 24.23% 290 2.41% 5,918 49.13% 12,046
Prentiss 6,215 63.85% 3,310 34.01% 208 2.14% 2,905 29.85% 9,733
Tate 6,985 59.08% 4,469 37.80% 369 3.12% 2,516 21.28% 11,823
Tippah 6,243 70.48% 2,326 26.26% 289 3.26% 3,917 44.22% 8,858
Tishomingo 5,432 70.86% 1,992 25.98% 242 3.16% 3,440 44.87% 7,666
Union 7,972 71.90% 2,853 25.73% 262 2.36% 5,119 46.17% 11,087
Webster 3,788 75.04% 1,135 22.48% 125 2.48% 2,653 52.56% 5,048
Winston 5,065 53.15% 4,262 44.72% 203 2.13% 803 8.43% 9,530
Totals 186,760 60.41% 114,076 36.90% 8,341 2.70% 72,684 23.51% 309,177

District 2

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 2nd congressional district election
← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Bennie Thompson Bill Marcy
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 214,978 99,160
Percentage 67.1% 31.0%
County results
Thompson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Marcy:      50–60%      60–70%
U.S. Representative before election

Bennie Thompson
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Bennie Thompson
Democratic

Democrat Bennie Thompson, who had represented Mississippi's 2nd congressional district since 1993, ran for re-election.[15]

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]

Primary results

[edit]
Democratic primary results[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bennie Thompson (incumbent) 49,083 87.45
Democratic Heather McTeer 7,040 12.55
Total votes 56,123 100.0

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Bill Marcy, nominee for this seat in 2010[6]

Primary results

[edit]
Republican primary results
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Marcy 26,041 100.0
Total votes 26,041 100.0

Reform primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Lajena Williams

Independents

[edit]

General election

[edit]

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[7] Safe D November 5, 2012
Rothenberg[8] Safe D November 2, 2012
Roll Call[9] Safe D November 4, 2012
Sabato's Crystal Ball[10] Safe D November 5, 2012
NY Times[11] Safe D November 4, 2012
RCP[12] Safe D November 4, 2012
The Hill[13] Safe D November 4, 2012

Results

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 2nd congressional district election[18]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bennie Thompson (incumbent) 214,978 67.1
Republican Bill Marcy 99,160 31.0
Independent Cobby Mondale Williams 4,605 1.4
Reform Lajena Williams 1,501 0.5
Total votes 320,244 100.0
Democratic hold

By county

[edit]
County[18] Bennie Thompson
Democratic 		Bill Marcy
Republican 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total
# % # % # % # %
Attala 4,169 47.91% 4,364 50.15% 169 1.94% -195 -2.24% 8,702
Bolivar 10,584 70.72% 4,173 27.88% 209 1.40% 6,411 42.84% 14,966
Carroll 2,134 36.74% 3,610 62.14% 65 1.12% -1,476 -25.41% 5,809
Claiborne 4,680 86.97% 616 11.45% 85 1.58% 4,064 75.52% 5,381
Coahoma 7,562 74.77% 2,388 23.61% 164 1.62% 5,174 51.16% 10,114
Copiah 7,848 57.54% 5,576 40.88% 215 1.58% 2,272 16.66% 13,639
Grenada 5,493 50.91% 5,113 47.39% 184 1.71% 380 3.52% 10,790
Hinds (part) 67,763 73.49% 22,274 24.16% 2,169 2.35% 45,489 49.33% 92,206
Holmes 7,364 83.56% 1,302 14.77% 147 1.67% 6,062 68.78% 8,813
Humphreys 3,901 77.11% 1,096 21.66% 62 1.23% 2,805 55.45% 5,059
Issaquena 468 61.34% 284 37.22% 11 1.44% 184 24.12% 763
Jefferson 3,782 88.53% 442 10.35% 48 1.12% 3,340 78.18% 4,272
Leake 4,227 50.22% 4,044 48.05% 146 1.73% 183 2.17% 8,417
Leflore 8,898 71.40% 3,427 27.50% 138 1.11% 5,471 43.90% 12,463
Madison (part) 10,148 78.84% 2,233 17.35% 490 3.81% 7,915 61.49% 12,871
Montgomery 2,848 52.68% 2,473 45.75% 85 1.57% 375 6.94% 5,406
Panola 8,979 56.55% 6,547 41.23% 352 2.22% 2,432 15.32% 15,878
Quitman 2,680 71.50% 998 26.63% 70 1.87% 1,682 44.88% 3,748
Sharkey 1,777 72.89% 637 26.13% 24 0.98% 1,140 46.76% 2,438
Sunflower 8,277 75.18% 2,599 23.61% 133 1.21% 5,678 51.58% 11,009
Tallahatchie 4,130 65.79% 2,026 32.27% 122 1.94% 2,104 33.51% 6,278
Tunica 3,232 79.08% 753 18.42% 102 2.50% 2,479 60.66% 4,087
Warren 10,399 50.14% 9,959 48.02% 383 1.85% 440 2.12% 20,741
Washington 13,863 72.63% 5,032 26.36% 191 1.00% 8,831 46.27% 19,086
Yalobusha 3,160 50.89% 2,904 46.77% 145 2.34% 256 4.12% 6,209
Yazoo 6,612 59.57% 4,290 38.65% 197 1.77% 2,322 20.92% 11,099
Totals 214,978 67.13% 99,160 30.96% 6,106 1.91% 115,818 36.17% 320,244

District 3

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 3rd congressional district election
← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Gregg Harper John Luke Pannell
Party Republican Reform
Popular vote 209,490 58,605
Percentage 80.0% 20.0%
County results
Harper:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
U.S. Representative before election

Gregg Harper
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Gregg Harper
Republican

Republican Gregg Harper, who has represented Mississippi's 3rd congressional district since 2009, ran for re-election.[15]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]
  • Robert Allen, Tea Party activist[6][15]

Primary results

[edit]
Republican primary results[4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Gregg Harper (incumbent) 78,735 91.8
Republican Robert Allen 7,027 8.2
Total votes 85,762 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Crystal Biggs

Primary results

[edit]
Democratic primary results
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Crystal Biggs 15,291 100.0
Total votes 15,291 100.0

Reform primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • John "Luke" Pannell[6]

General election

[edit]

Campaign

[edit]

Crystal Biggs, who had received the Democratic nomination unopposed, dropped out of the race in September 2012 because of an illness.[19]

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report Safe R November 5, 2012
Rothenberg[8] Safe R November 2, 2012
Roll Call[9] Safe R November 4, 2012
Sabato's Crystal Ball[10] Safe R November 5, 2012
NY Times[11] Safe R November 4, 2012
RCP[12] Safe R November 4, 2012
The Hill[13] Safe R November 4, 2012

Results

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 3rd congressional district election[20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Gregg Harper (incumbent) 234,717 80.0
Reform John Luke Pannell 58,605 20.0
Total votes 293,322 100.0
Republican hold

By county

[edit]
County[20] Gregg Harper
Republican 		John Luke Pannell
Reform 		Margin Total
# % # % # %
Adams 7,503 71.14% 3,044 28.86% 4,459 42.28% 10,547
Amite 4,968 77.14% 1,472 22.86% 3,496 54.29% 6,440
Clarke (part) 5,047 82.23% 1,091 17.77% 3,956 64.45% 6,138
Covington 6,076 75.38% 1,984 24.62% 4,092 50.77% 8,060
Franklin 3,124 81.46% 711 18.54% 2,413 62.92% 3,835
Hinds (part) 8,914 76.36% 2,759 23.64% 6,155 52.73% 11,673
Jasper 5,080 68.11% 2,379 31.89% 2,701 36.21% 7,459
Jefferson Davis 3,379 60.69% 2,189 39.31% 1,190 21.37% 5,568
Kemper 2,563 62.09% 1,565 37.91% 998 24.18% 4,128
Lauderdale 22,375 81.63% 5,036 18.37% 17,339 63.26% 27,411
Lawrence 4,745 79.03% 1,259 20.97% 3,486 58.06% 6,004
Lincoln 11,983 80.10% 2,977 19.90% 9,006 60.20% 14,960
Madison (part) 29,043 87.02% 4,332 12.98% 24,711 74.04% 33,375
Neshoba 8,631 85.51% 1,463 14.49% 7,168 71.01% 10,094
Newton 7,084 83.02% 1,449 16.98% 5,635 66.04% 8,533
Noxubee 2,012 55.84% 1,591 44.16% 421 11.68% 3,603
Oktibbeha (part) 9,698 72.83% 3,618 27.17% 6,080 45.66% 13,316
Pike 10,185 69.15% 4,544 30.85% 5,641 38.30% 14,729
Rankin 53,172 88.55% 6,876 11.45% 46,296 77.10% 60,048
Scott 7,412 76.98% 2,217 23.02% 5,195 53.95% 9,629
Simpson 8,573 80.83% 2,033 19.17% 6,540 61.66% 10,606
Smith 6,484 85.53% 1,097 14.47% 5,387 71.06% 7,581
Walthall 4,572 75.90% 1,452 24.10% 3,120 51.79% 6,024
Wilkinson 2,094 58.80% 1,467 41.20% 627 17.61% 3,561
Totals 234,717 80.02% 58,605 19.98% 176,112 60.04% 293,322

District 4

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 4th congressional district election
← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Steven Palazzo Matthew Moore Ron Williams
Party Republican Democratic Libertarian
Popular vote 182,998 82,344 17,982
Percentage 64.1% 28.9% 6.3%
County results
Palazzo:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Moore:      50–60%
U.S. Representative before election

Steven Palazzo
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Steven Palazzo
Republican

Republican Steven Palazzo, who has represented Mississippi's 4th congressional district since January 2011, ran for re-election.[21]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]
  • Cindy Burleson, political activist;[22]
  • Ron Vincent, Tea Party activist and retired engineer[22][23]
Declined
[edit]

Primary results

[edit]
Republican primary results[4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Steven Palazzo (incumbent) 60,897 73.9
Republican Ron Vincent 15,391 18.7
Republican Cindy Burleson 6,100 7.4
Total votes 82,388 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Michael Herrington, service manager
Eliminated in primary
[edit]
  • Jason Vitosky, businessman
Declined
[edit]

Primary results

[edit]
Democratic primary results[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael Herrington 8,988 83.8
Democratic Jason Vitosky 1,743 16.2
Total votes 10,731 100.0

Reform primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Robert Claunch[6]

Libertarian primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Ron Williams, businessman and Republican candidate for governor in 2011[27]

General election

[edit]

Campaign

[edit]

Herrington dropped out of the race in September 2012 because of his mother's illness and financial concerns.[19][21][22] He was replaced as Democratic nominee by Matthew Moore, an honours student at Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College.

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report Safe R November 5, 2012
Rothenberg[8] Safe R November 2, 2012
Roll Call[9] Safe R November 4, 2012
Sabato's Crystal Ball[10] Safe R November 5, 2012
NY Times[11] Safe R November 4, 2012
RCP[12] Safe R November 4, 2012
The Hill[13] Safe R November 4, 2012

Results

[edit]
2012 Mississippi's 4th congressional district election[28]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Steven Palazzo (incumbent) 182,998 64.1
Democratic Matthew Moore 82,344 28.8
Libertarian Ron Williams 17,982 6.3
Reform Robert Claunch 2,108 0.7
Total votes 285,432 100.0
Republican hold

By county

[edit]
County[28] Steven Palazzo
Republican 		Matthew Moore
Democratic 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total
# % # % # % # %
Clarke (part) 447 40.93% 593 54.30% 52 4.76% -146 -13.37% 1,092
Forrest 16,090 55.23% 11,492 39.45% 1,551 5.32% 4,598 15.78% 29,133
George 7,464 78.73% 1,429 15.07% 587 6.19% 6,035 63.66% 9,480
Greene 4,034 70.78% 1,275 22.37% 390 6.84% 2,759 48.41% 5,699
Hancock 11,152 67.13% 3,850 23.18% 1,610 9.69% 7,302 43.96% 16,612
Harrison 35,917 57.80% 21,096 33.95% 5,132 8.26% 14,821 23.85% 62,145
Jackson 31,931 61.76% 15,025 29.06% 4,745 9.18% 16,906 32.70% 51,701
Jones 19,558 67.60% 7,957 27.50% 1,417 4.90% 11,601 40.10% 28,932
Lamar 18,150 74.66% 4,785 19.68% 1,374 5.65% 13,365 54.98% 24,309
Marion 7,922 64.35% 3,980 32.33% 409 3.32% 3,942 32.02% 12,311
Pearl River 15,842 74.43% 4,087 19.20% 1,356 6.37% 11,755 55.23% 21,285
Perry 3,803 69.95% 1,279 23.52% 355 6.53% 2,524 46.42% 5,437
Stone 4,774 65.54% 1,776 24.38% 734 10.08% 2,998 41.16% 7,284
Wayne 5,914 59.07% 3,720 37.16% 378 3.78% 2,194 21.91% 10,012
Totals 182,998 64.11% 82,344 28.85% 20,090 7.04% 100,654 35.26% 285,432

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Secretary of State :: Elections". State of Mississippi Secretary of State. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  2. ^ Corder, Frank (January 4, 2012). "And They're Off!". Y'all Politics. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  3. ^ Clark, JB (January 10, 2012). "Estes, Ross qualify for congress". Desoto Times Tribune. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "2012 Republican Primary Results". Secretary of State of Mississippi. March 23, 2012. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  5. ^ Brumfield, Patsy R. (January 13, 2012). "Congress update: Ex-Childers aide Morris in, DuVall may be out". Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. Retrieved March 14, 2012.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ a b c d e f Amy, Jeff (March 14, 2012). "Wicker, four congressmen turn to general election". The Commercial Dispatch. Associated Press. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  7. ^ a b "The Cook Political Report — Charts – 2012 House Competitive Races". Cookpolitical.com. November 5, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c d "House Ratings". Rothenbergpoliticalreport.com. November 2, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d [1], as of November 4, 2012
  10. ^ a b c d Crystal Ball, as of November 5, 2012
  11. ^ a b c d House Race Ratings, The New York Times, as of November 4, 2012
  12. ^ a b c d [2], as of November 4, 2012
  13. ^ a b c d "House Ratings". The Hill. November 3, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  14. ^ a b Hosemann, Delbert (December 3, 2012). "US Congress - 1st Congressional District" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2025. Retrieved February 9, 2026.
  15. ^ a b c d "Candidates line up for March 13 Miss. primaries; all 4 US House members expected to run again". The Columbus Republic. Associated Press. January 4, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2012.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ a b Miller, Joshua (August 4, 2011). "Thompson's Primary Unlikely to Get Nasty in Mississippi". Roll Call. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  17. ^ a b "2012 Democratic Primary Results". Secretary of State of Mississippi. March 23, 2012. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  18. ^ a b Hosemann, Delbert (December 3, 2012). "US Congress - 2nd Congressional District" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 3, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2026.
  19. ^ a b "Biloxi's Matthew Moore replacement Democrat to run against Steven Palazzo". Associated Press. The Mississippi Press. September 6, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  20. ^ a b Hosemann, Delbert (December 3, 2012). "US Congress - 3rd Congressional District" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2026.
  21. ^ a b Doherty, Tim (January 5, 2012). "Dem wants to oust Palazzo". Hattiesburg American. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  22. ^ a b c Farrell, David A. (February 10, 2012). "Saturday noon is last chance to register to vote in March 13 primaries". Picayune Item. Retrieved February 19, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  23. ^ Farrell, David A. (January 7, 2012). "Congressional candidates campaign here, cite reasons for running". Picayune Item. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  24. ^ a b Miller, Joshua (December 5, 2011). "Mississippi GOP Cautious on Palazzo". Roll Call. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  25. ^ a b Pender, Geoff (December 10, 2011). "Potential Palazzo challengers lining up". Sun Herald. Archived from the original on January 9, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
  26. ^ Newsom, Michael (January 13, 2012). "Taylor won't seek old Congressional seat this year". Sun Herald. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  27. ^ Biggs, DeMiktric (February 6, 2012). "Ron Williams Planning Congressional Bid as Libertarian". Mississippi Political Pulse. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
  28. ^ a b Hosemann, Delbert (December 3, 2012). "US Congress - 4th Congressional District" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 4, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2026.
[edit]
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