1902 United States House of Representatives elections
June 2, September 12, September 18, and November 4, 1902[a]
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All 386 seats in the United States House of Representatives 194 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 58th United States Congress.
Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[citation needed]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.
Election summaries
[edit]29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
| 176 | 3 | 207 |
| Democratic | IR | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
| Alabama | Districts | 9 | 9 | 0 | |||
| Arkansas | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
| California | Districts | 8 | 3 | 5 | |||
| Colorado | District +at-large[f] |
3[g] | 0 | 3 | |||
| Connecticut | District +at-large[f] |
5 | 0 | 5 | |||
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Florida | Districts | 3 | 3 | 0 | |||
| Georgia | Districts | 11 | 11 | 0 | |||
| Idaho | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | |||
| Illinois | Districts | 25 | 8 | 17 | |||
| Indiana | Districts | 13 | 4 | 9 | |||
| Iowa | Districts | 11 | 1 | 10 | |||
| Kansas | District +at-large |
8 | 0 | 8 | |||
| Kentucky | Districts | 11 | 10 | 1 | |||
| Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
| Maine[i] | Districts | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
| Maryland | Districts | 6 | 2 | 4 | |||
| Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 4 | 10 | |||
| Michigan | Districts | 12 | 1 | 11 | |||
| Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 1 | 8 | |||
| Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 8 | 0 | |||
| Missouri | Districts | 16 | 15 | 1 | |||
| Montana | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | |||
| Nebraska | Districts | 6[j] | 1 | 5 | |||
| Nevada | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 3 | 7 | |||
| New York | Districts | 37 | 17 | 20 | |||
| North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 10 | 0 | |||
| North Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Ohio | Districts | 21 | 4 | 17 | |||
| Oregon[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Pennsylvania | District[k] | 32 | 3 | 29[d] | |||
| Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| South Carolina | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
| South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 8 | 2 | |||
| Texas | Districts | 16 | 16 | 0 | |||
| Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Vermont[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Virginia | Districts | 10 | 9 | 1 | |||
| Washington | At-large | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||
| West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 0 | 5 | |||
| Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 1 | 10 | |||
| Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Total | 386 | 176 45.6% |
210[d] 54.4% |
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The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
Special elections
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New York 7 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1876 (retired) 1882 (retired) 1898 |
Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901. Republican gain. |
Others
|
| Pennsylvania 17 | Rufus K. Polk | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died March 5, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky 3 | John S. Rhea | Democratic | 1896 | Election successfully contested. New member seated March 25, 1902. Republican gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
| Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner. |
|
| New York 10 | Amos J. Cummings | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent died May 2, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner not elected to full term; see below. |
|
| Virginia 6 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent died May 4, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to full term; see below. |
|
| New Jersey 4 | Joshua S. Salmon | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died May 6, 1902. New member elected June 18, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Texas 3 | Reese C. De Graffenreid | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent died August 29, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| New York 26 | George W. Ray | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
| Texas 4 | John L. Sheppard | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died October 11, 1902. New member elected November 15, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Connecticut 3 | Charles A. Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent died October 23, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
Election dates
[edit]All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
Alabama
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Alabama 1 | George W. Taylor | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 2 | Ariosto A. Wiley | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 3 | Henry D. Clayton Jr. | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 4 | Sydney J. Bowie | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 5 | C. W. Thompson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 6 | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 7 | John L. Burnett | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 8 | William Richardson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 9 | Oscar Underwood | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona Territory
[edit]See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arkansas 1 | Philip D. McCulloch Jr. | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Arkansas 2 | Stephen Brundidge Jr. Redistricted from the 6th district |
Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 3 | Hugh A. Dinsmore Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 4 | John S. Little Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 5 | Charles C. Reid Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 6 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Arkansas 7 | Thomas C. McRae Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic | 1885 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
California
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic - Union Labor gain. |
|
| California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic - Union Labor gain. |
|
| California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 8 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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Colorado
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[6] | |
| Colorado 1 | John F. Shafroth | Fusion | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat. |
|
| Election successfully contested. New member seated February 16, 1904. Republican gain. |
| ||||
| Colorado 2 | John C. Bell | Populist | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Colorado at-large | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Connecticut
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[4] | |
| Connecticut 1 | E. Stevens Henry | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut 2 | Nehemiah D. Sperry | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut 3 | Frank B. Brandegee | Republican | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut 4 | Ebenezer J. Hill | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut at-large | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
Others
| ||
Delaware
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Delaware at-large | L. Heisler Ball | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Florida
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 3 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Georgia
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Georgia 1 | Rufus E. Lester | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 2 | James M. Griggs | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 3 | Elijah B. Lewis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 4 | William C. Adamson | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Georgia 5 | Leonidas F. Livingston | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Georgia 6 | Charles L. Bartlett | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Georgia 7 | John W. Maddox | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Georgia 8 | William M. Howard | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 9 | Farish Tate | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 10 | William H. Fleming | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
| Georgia 11 | William G. Brantley | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Hawaii Territory
[edit]See Non-voting delegates, below.
Idaho
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Illinois
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Illinois 1 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Illinois 2 | James Robert Mann Redistricted from the 1st district |
Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 3 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Illinois 4 | George Peter Foster Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 5 | James McAndrews Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 6 | John J. Feely Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
| Illinois 7 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Illinois 8 | William F. Mahoney Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 9 | Henry Sherman Boutell Redistricted from the 6th district |
Republican | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 10 | George E. Foss Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 11 | Albert J. Hopkins Redistricted from the 8th district |
Republican | 1885 | Incumbent retired to run for US Senator. Republican hold. |
|
| Illinois 12 | Walter Reeves Redistricted from the 12th district |
Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Illinois 13 | Robert R. Hitt Redistricted from the 9th district |
Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 14 | J. Ross Mickey Redistricted from the 15th district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
| Illinois 15 | George W. Prince Redistricted from the 10th district |
Republican | 1895 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 16 | Joseph V. Graff Redistricted from the 14th district |
Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 17 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Illinois 18 | Joseph Gurney Cannon Redistricted from the 12th district |
Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 19 | Vespasian Warner Redistricted from the 13th district |
Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
| Illinois 20 | Thomas J. Selby Redistricted from the 16th district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic Hold. |
|
| Thomas M. Jett Redistricted from the 18th district |
Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | ||
| Illinois 21 | Ben F. Caldwell Redistricted from the 17th district |
Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
| Illinois 22 | Fred J. Kern Redistricted from the 21st district |
Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Illinois 23 | Joseph B. Crowley Redistricted from the 19th district |
Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
| Illinois 24 | James R. Williams Redistricted from the 20th district |
Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 25 | George Washington Smith Redistricted from the 22nd district |
Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Indiana 1 | James A. Hemenway | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 2 | Robert W. Miers | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 3 | William T. Zenor | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 4 | Francis M. Griffith | Democratic | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Indiana 5 | Elias S. Holliday | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Indiana 6 | James E. Watson | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Indiana 7 | Jesse Overstreet | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Indiana 8 | George W. Cromer | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Indiana 9 | Charles B. Landis | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Indiana 10 | Edgar D. Crumpacker | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 11 | George Washington Steele | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Indiana 12 | James M. Robinson | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 13 | Abraham L. Brick | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Iowa
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Iowa 1 | Thomas Hedge | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
| Iowa 2 | John N. W. Rumple | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired and died before next term. Democratic gain. |
|
| Iowa 3 | David B. Henderson | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent renominated but withdrew prior to election. Republican hold. |
|
| Iowa 4 | Gilbert N. Haugen | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 5 | Robert G. Cousins | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 6 | John F. Lacey | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 7 | John A. T. Hull | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 8 | William P. Hepburn | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 9 | Walter I. Smith | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 10 | James P. Conner | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 11 | Lot Thomas | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kansas 1 | Charles Curtis | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 2 | Justin De Witt Bowersock | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 3 | Alfred Metcalf Jackson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Kansas 4 | James Monroe Miller | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 5 | William A. Calderhead | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 6 | William A. Reeder | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 7 | Chester I. Long | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected but resigned when elected to the US Senate. |
|
| Kansas at-large | Charles Frederick Scott | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kentucky 1 | Charles K. Wheeler | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky 2 | Henry D. Allen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky 3 | J. McKenzie Moss | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Kentucky 4 | David Highbaugh Smith | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 5 | Harvey Samuel Irwin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Kentucky 6 | Daniel Linn Gooch | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 7 | South Trimble | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 8 | George G. Gilbert | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 9 | James N. Kehoe | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 10 | James Bamford White | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky 11 | Vincent Boreing | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Louisiana
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Louisiana 1 | Adolph Meyer | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Louisiana 2 | Robert C. Davey | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Louisiana 3 | Robert F. Broussard | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Louisiana 4 | Phanor Breazeale | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
| Louisiana 5 | Joseph E. Ransdell | Democratic | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Louisiana 6 | Samuel M. Robertson | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Louisiana 7 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Maine
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maine 1 | Amos L. Allen | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maine 2 | Charles E. Littlefield | Republican | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
| Maine 3 | Edwin C. Burleigh | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maine 4 | Llewellyn Powers | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 5 | Sydney E. Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
Massachusetts
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 3 | John R. Thayer | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1895 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Winner also elected to finish term. Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 9 | Joseph A. Conry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Citizens Democratic gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 10 | Henry F. Naphen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 11 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Massachusetts 12 | Samuel L. Powers Redistricted from the 11th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering Redistricted from the 12th district |
Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Michigan 1 | John Blaisdell Corliss | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Michigan 2 | Henry C. Smith | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
| Michigan 3 | Washington Gardner | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 4 | Edward L. Hamilton | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 5 | William Alden Smith | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 6 | Samuel W. Smith | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 7 | Edgar Weeks | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
| Michigan 8 | Joseph W. Fordney | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 9 | Roswell P. Bishop | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 10 | Henry H. Aplin | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
| Michigan 11 | Archibald B. Darragh | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan 12 | Carlos D. Shelden | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
Minnesota
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[8] | |
| Minnesota 1 | James A. Tawney | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Minnesota 2 | James McCleary | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Minnesota 3 | Joel Heatwole | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Minnesota 4 | Frederick Stevens | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Minnesota 5 | Loren Fletcher | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
Others
|
| Minnesota 6 | Page Morris | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Minnesota 7 | Frank Eddy | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Minnesota 8 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Minnesota 9 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Mississippi
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 5 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 6 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
| Frank A. McLain Redistricted from the 6th district. |
Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams Redistricted from the 5th district. |
Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Missouri 1 | James T. Lloyd | Democratic | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 2 | William W. Rucker | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 3 | John Dougherty | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 4 | Charles F. Cochran | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 5 | William S. Cowherd | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 6 | David A. De Armond | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 7 | James Cooney | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
| Missouri 8 | Dorsey W. Shackleford | Democratic | 1899 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 9 | Champ Clark | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 10 | Richard Bartholdt | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 11 | Charles F. Joy | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Missouri 12 | George C. R. Wagoner | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
| Missouri 13 | Edward Robb | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 14 | Willard Duncan Vandiver | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 15 | Maecenas E. Benton | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Missouri 16 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Montana
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[17] | |
| Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Nebraska
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Nebraska 1 | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Nebraska 3 | John S. Robinson | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 4 | William L. Stark | Populist | 1896 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 5 | Ashton C. Shallenberger | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 6 | William Neville | Populist | 1899 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Nevada
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Nevada at-large | Francis G. Newlands | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Democratic hold. |
|
New Hampshire
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Hampshire 1 | Cyrus A. Sulloway | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New Hampshire 2 | Frank D. Currier | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
New Mexico Territory
[edit]See Non-voting delegates, below.
New York
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
North Carolina
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
North Dakota
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[24] | |
| North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
Ohio
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
Oklahoma Territory
[edit]See Non-voting delegates, below.
Oregon
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[25] | |
| Oregon 1 | Thomas H. Tongue | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began. |
|
| Oregon 2 | Malcolm A. Moody | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
Rhode Island
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
South Carolina
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 7 | A. Frank Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[26] | |
| South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
| Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
Utah
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2021) |
Vermont
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[37] | |
| Vermont 1 | David J. Foster | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Vermont 2 | Kittredge Haskins | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[38] | |
| Virginia 1 | William A. Jones | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 2 | Harry L. Maynard | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Virginia 3 | John Lamb | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Virginia 4 | Francis R. Lassiter | Democratic | 1900 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Virginia 5 | Claude A. Swanson | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 6 | Carter Glass | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Virginia 7 | James Hay | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 8 | John Franklin Rixey | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 9 | William F. Rhea | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Virginia 10 | Henry D. Flood | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Washington at-large (3 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Wesley L. Jones | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Francis W. Cushman | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
West Virginia
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 4 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin
[edit]Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1902.[45][46] This was Wisconsin's first election with eleven congressional seats, up from ten in the previous term.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wisconsin 1 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 2 | Herman Dahle | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 3 | Joseph W. Babcock | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 4 | Theobald Otjen | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 5 | Samuel S. Barney | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 6 | James H. Davidson | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent redistricted to 8th district. Democratic gain. |
|
| Wisconsin 7 | John J. Esch | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 8 | Edward S. Minor | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent redistricted to 9th district. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 9 | Webster E. Brown | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent redistricted to 10th district. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 10 | John J. Jenkins | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent redistricted to 11th district. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 11 | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Wyoming
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[47] | |
| Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
[edit]| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arizona Territory at-large | Marcus A. Smith | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Hawaii Territory at-large | Robert Wilcox | Home Rule | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
| Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (lost) 1898 |
Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Regulars only, not including specials
- ^ Includes five vacancies.
- ^ Includes 6 vacancies.
- ^ a b c d Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
- ^ Includes 1 "Anti-Machine" candidate.
- ^ a b Additional seat elected at-large due to Colorado delaying redistricting.
- ^ a b c Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
- ^ There was one member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected in 1900, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
- ^ a b c Elections held early.
- ^ Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
- ^ At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Martis, pp. 156–157.
- ^ Apportionment Act of 1901
- ^ a b "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2016). Guide to U.S. elections (Seventh edition (Online-Ausg.) ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4833-8036-0.
- ^ "State of Colorado Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Colorado Elections Database. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ^ University of Minnesota Libraries. "Minnesota Historical Election Archive". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
- ^ "Oregon Secretary of State". sos.oregon.gov. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
- ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WA At-Large Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Erickson, Halford, ed. (1903). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1903 (Report). Wisconsin Bureau of Labor Statistics. pp. 1073–1076. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - HI Delegate At-Large - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
Bibliography
[edit]- Republican Congressional Committee, The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902 (1902).
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1903). Maryland Manual 1902. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)