Table 7 Study grading of studies on prenatal acetaminophen use and autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Author, Year | a. Size | b. Large Effect (> 2) | c. Dose Response | d. Internal Consistency | e. Control of Bias | f. Other | Average of Criteria | Sum of Criteria | Strength of Evidence | Expert Opinion Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahlqvist, 2024 (overall study) | 2 | −1 | 2 | 2 | −1 | NA | 0.8 | 4 | 1 | −1 |
Ahlqvist, 2024 (sibling control study) | 2 | −2 | 0 | 2 | −2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | −2 |
Alemany, 2021 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | NA | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Avella-Garcia, 2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | NA | 0.8 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Ji, 2020 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | NA | 1.6 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
Liew, 2016 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | NA | 1.6 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
Score study of evidence: + 2 – very strong; + 1 – strong; 0 – moderate; ‐1 – weak; ‐2 – very weak/none | ||||||||||
Average | 1.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.33 | NA | 0.97 | 4.83 | 1.17 | 0.50 |
Before ahlqvist | 1.25 | 0.75 | 1 | 2 | 1.25 | na | 1.25 | 6.25 | 1.5 | 1.5 |