All websites must conform to WCAG 2.2 Level AA, ADA Title II, and the UNC Digital Accessibility Standards. Even small content adjustments can significantly improve access for users relying on screen readers, keyboard navigation, and other assistive technologies. This guide introduces the fundamentals of web accessibility. For deeper learning, we recommend participating in our accessibility trainings. To address common issues, begin with our Top 10 Tips at the bottom of the page.
Proactive approaches to accessibility
Building your awareness of the basics is the first step. Begin your journey and learn about common barriers with our trainings, such as Digital Accessibility Awareness or Web Accessibility Basics.
Choose designs and a color palette that support accessibility from the beginning. Before migrating content or launching a new site, test your templates, and interactive components. Once your site is live, request access to the Accessibility Dashboard in Siteimprove to help monitor your conformance progress.
Creating accessible content
Format pages for clarity and structure
Organize and present content in ways that support all users, including those using screen readers or keyboard navigation. WordPress themes adjust content for different screen sizes, but check common breakpoints to be sure nothing breaks visually or functionally.
- Use logical, nested heading levels (H2, H3, etc.) to create a clear content structure
- Select semantic elements or WordPress blocks that match the purpose of your content.
- Avoid unnecessary ARIA attributes. In most cases, native HTML is more accessible.
- Use spacing and sans serif font for body text and ensure at least 4.5:1 color contrast between text and background.
- Write descriptive link text that could be understandable out of context
- Provide visible, programmatically associated labels on all form fields, like search and contact forms.
- In WordPress, these fields should be labeled by default. Use available plugins that follow accessibility best practices.
- Ensure that links, buttons, and other interactive components have distinct visual styles.
Media and documents
Images, video, audio, and downloadable documents must be accessible to all users. This includes:
- Adding meaningful alt text to images
- Using accurate captions for video and transcripts for audio
- Ensuring PDFs and other documents are readable with assistive technology
Take time to review your existing content. If something is outdated or unnecessary, it may be better to remove or archive it rather than remediate it.
Testing and maintenance
Use a mix of testing methods to identify different types of accessibility issues.
- Navigate your site using only a keyboard. Use the Tab, Shift + Tab, Arrow, Space, and Escape keys to move through interactive elements.
- Run automated scans with tools like Siteimprove. You can also explore our tool box for a curated list of recommended tools.
- Observe real users when possible to see how your site performs in practice.
Plan for regular testing as you make updates to ensure your site remains conformant to WCAG 2.2 AA criteria. You may also request a website accessibility assessment for help in identifying issues and prioritizing improvements.