If a logging.FileHandler is configured with mode='w', or if logging.basicConfig is called with filemode='w' (as suggested by the Basic Logging Tutorial https://docs.python.org/3/howto/logging.html#logging-basic-tutorial)
and if some code logs during shutdown, after logging has closed its handlers (asyncio is prone to do this, e.g.),
then logging.FileHandler._open will reopen the log file with the same mode as it was originally opened with, potentially truncating it and losing valuable information:

import atexit
atexit.register(lambda: logging.info("so long"))
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='test.log', filemode='w', level=logging.INFO)
logging.info("super important stuff")

$ python truncate.py
$ cat test.log
INFO:root:so long

I have a hunch that the fix to issue 26789 will potentially make things worse, as previously at least there was a chance that logging had been fully unloaded so that the call to open would fail.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39838616/why-is-python-logging-framework-losing-messages

I've put up a PR here: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/27310/files

If this looks good, I will update the docs and add news entry.

New changeset 96cf5a63d2dbadaebf236362b4c7c09c51fda55c by andrei kulakov in branch 'main':
bpo-42378: fixed log truncation on logging shutdown (GH-27310)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/96cf5a63d2dbadaebf236362b4c7c09c51fda55c

I believe I'm seeing this, still, in an async situation. It seems like the obvious culprit. 

When will this go out in a release? I'm on 3.10.1 from December (under Arch). The PR got merged to master in July but I went through all changelogs back to March and don't see it listed.

<- I'm intentionally using mode 'w' (to support development) and it's never been an issue until I recently refactored the project to be asynchronous. Now, every time I fail, I suddenly lose the logs. Not awesome.

I guess it got missed during the 3.10 beta cycle by not being backported - it might have needed to be cherry-picked. I'll see about getting it backported to 3.10.

New changeset e35430bec528dfb1a653cd457ea58b5a08543632 by Miss Islington (bot) in branch '3.10':
[3.10] bpo-42378: fixed log truncation on logging shutdown (GH-27310) (GH-30468)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e35430bec528dfb1a653cd457ea58b5a08543632