The Merchant of Venice 1936 - The Oldest Hatred Is Back

Tracy-Ann Oberman and the cast of The Merchant of Venice 1936

Theatregoers have long been used to bag-checks as they arrive for a show. What they will be less familiar with are uniformed security guards, there to protect the show’s cast, crew and audience and who have now become a routine feature of performances of Tracy-Ann Oberman’s Merchant of Venice 1936.

When the production opened in February this year at Watford’s Palace Theatre there was no overt security presence, with Oberman winning critical plaudits both for her tackling of Shakespeare’s study on antisemitism as well as her re-interpretation and re-gendering of Shylock. Rather than sixteenth century Venice, this take on the play is set in 1930s London against the attempted rise of British fascism and the Battle of Cable Street. Oberman describes The Merchant Of Venice 1936, with its focus on a female Shylock and the East End of London’s response to Oswald Mosley’s British Union of Fascists, as “the project of her life”.

But in the midst of a (long pre-planned) tour, the context of this production was radically shifted. Barely 7 months after the Watford press night, on October 7th, the terrorist organization Hamas launched an attack on Israel that in one day saw 1,200 people murdered, countless others raped and brutalised, and more than 200 hostages taken captive into Gaza. While the victims of that infamous day came from a range of countries, the vast majority of them were Jewish Israeli citizens, with the antisemitism that motivated the attack being the most horrendous assault on Jews since the Nazi Holocaust of the 1930s and 40s.

What gives an even more shocking angle to Oberman’s Merchant of Venice is that within days of the October 7th attack, some of Britain’s streets were filled with supporters of Hamas celebrating the terrorists’ horrific deeds. Those celebrations continue to this day, with London and other cities around the world now seeing weekly marches calling for the destruction of the State of Israel, “from the river to the sea”.

It is this outpouring of vile antisemitic rage that offers such a grotesquely chilling parallel to the London of 1936 as presented in Oberman’s interpretation of the play. And sadly it is the risk presented by those potentially violent antisemites that now demands the presence of uniformed security guards as part of the show’s travelling entourage. 

The play itself has matured on the road. Speaking with Oberman as the London run at Wilton’s Music Hall (a venue poignantly situated just off Cable Street) ended and with the show about to head up to York, she commented on the play’s impact following the Hamas attacks and the ensuing torrent of antisemitic hatred onto the streets:

“I’m overwhelmed by how powerful people are finding this production, particularly with a huge rise of antisemitism in the United Kingdom And globally, I think people are aware that during times of unrest the Jewish community is often the first group to be targeted. As we know what starts with the Jews never ends with the Jews”

Edmund Burke famously said that “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing”. In 1936 as London’s antisemites wearing the red and black armbands of the fascist movement and accompanied by the Metropolitan Police attempted to march through the very heart of London’s Jewish community, it was the actions of thousands of Burke’s “good men”, decent Londoners from all communities who stood side by side with the capital’s Jews in the Battle of Cable Street to defeat the evil. Today, rather than armbands, the antisemites are wearing the green and black headbands of Hamas and as they march down Park Lane and onwards, streaming across the Thames, they are terrifyingly cheered on by thousands.

That Oberman’s Merchant of Venice continues to play to packed houses across the country reminds us of England’s underlying decency. Let us pray that that decency can triumph.

With Tracy-Ann Oberman at Wilton's Music Hall

The Merchant of Venice 1936 is on tour playing in York, Chichester and Manchester. In the new year it returns to the RSC in Stratford on Avon. To book tickets, click here

Conversazione con Ennio Morricone

Ennio Morricone con Jonathan Baz

INTRODUZIONE

A 91 anni e con una carriera iniziata circa 65 anni fa, Ennio Morricone è uno dei più grandi compositori di musica da film del nostro tempo. Gran parte della sua musica è magnifica, in parte iconica, con la sua colonna sonora per lo "spaghetti western" di Sergio Leone del 1966 “Il buono, il brutto e il cattivo” che è diventata una delle melodie cinematografiche più riconosciute a livello mondiale di tutti i tempi.

I decenni più recenti hanno visto le colonne sonore di Morricone per The Mission di Roland Joffe e Cinema Paradiso di Giuseppe Tornatore (solo per citare due titoli) ottenere apprezzamenti critici praticamente universali e solo tre anni fa il compositore ha vinto il suo secondo Oscar e la sua sesta vittoria ai BAFTA, questa volta per “Hateful Eight” di Quentin Tarantino. Ovviamente oltre agli Oscar e ai BAFTA ci sono tantissimi altri premi nella bacheca dei trofei di Morricone. Innumerevoli riconoscimenti rendono omaggio a un uomo di eccezionale genio che, proprio mentre viene pubblicata questa intervista, è nel bel mezzo della composizione per il prossimo progetto di Tornatore.

E così è stato all'inizio di quest'anno che Ennio Morricone mi ha ricevuto a casa sua, un duplex squisitamente arredato situato in cima a un condominio di lusso in un elegante sobborgo di Roma. La residenza del Maestro è stata arredata e condivisa con Maria, sua moglie da più di 60 anni, ed è un luogo dove il calore dell'accoglienza è stato eguagliato solo dal buon caffè e dalla splendida vista sulla città.

L'impressione all'interno dell'appartamento dei Morricone non è stata solo di familiarità (Maria era in cucina a parlare via Skype con il figlio Giovanni a New York mentre io chiacchieravo con Ennio), ma anche di un luogo dedito alla cultura e alla bellezza con un pizzico di politica . L'arredamento e le opere d'arte potevano essere incredibilmente stupendi, ma l'etica del luogo non era quella della stravaganza, ma piuttosto quella del successo del talento e della modestia pacata e meravigliosamente assicurata.

Con Fabio Venturi, fonico di fiducia e braccio destro di Morricone come interprete, Morricone ha condiviso con me alcune osservazioni sulla sua vita e carriera e come ci si potrebbe aspettare da un uomo non solo così abile ma anche saggio, ha rappresentato l’essenza stessa della diplomazia. Non una volta un particolare individuo o film è stato evidenziato per elogi eccezionali, né scelto per critiche. 

INFLUENZA GLOBALE

L'ampia filmografia di Morricone lo ha visto firmare più di 500 film in una vasta gamma di generi che possono spaziare dall'amore ossessivamente appassionato, fino all'horror grafico. Numerosi compositori (tra cui Hans Zimmer e John Williams) insieme a vari "grandi" del mondo rock e pop ammettono di essere stati influenzati da Morricone, quindi la mia prima domanda è stata come lui stesso percepisse l'impronta culturale che la sua musica ha lasciato nel mondo negli ultimi 60 anni. In quello che doveva essere il primo di molti scorci della profonda modestia di Morricone, una virtù costante durante tutta la nostra conversazione, ha semplicemente affermato che si mette al servizio di qualsiasi film per il quale è impegnato a comporre. Con assoluta umiltà, ha affermato la sua semplice convinzione che è unicamente responsabilità del pubblico che ascolta la sua musica formarsi la propria opinione su quale segno possa aver lasciato nel mondo.

L'ITALIANITÀ

Il nostro dialogo si è spostato dall'impatto globale all'amata Italia,  patria di Morricone. Mentre ha lavorato per gli studi di Hollywood, spesso con grande successo, la produzione più prodigiosa di Morricone è stata al fianco dei suoi colleghi cineasti italiani. I sostenitori della cultura italiana sosterranno ferocemente che il compositore incarna L'italianità - un'aura indefinibile ma riconoscibile che imprime il "Made in Italy" su un'opera d'arte. Morricone però non era d'accordo: nonostante il suo immenso orgoglio nazionale, era appassionato nel definire la sua musica come internazionale piuttosto che campanilistica nella sua provenienza.

MUSICA E VIOLENZA

Molti dei film che Morricone ha composto nel corso degli anni hanno incluso scene di violenza esplicita ed ero curioso di sapere se fosse mai personalmente turbato o influenzato da alcune delle immagini che la sua musica aveva supportato. In un'affascinante risposta ha in primo luogo commentato che per la maggior parte del tempo si ritrova indifferente alla violenza del film, considerando la scena e la sua interazione con la colonna sonora semplicemente come parte del suo lavoro. Detto questo, quando ha lavorato per la prima volta con Dario Argento (il regista italiano, famoso per i suoi film horror e gialli) si è reso conto dell'importanza dell'atonalità nella musica che può accompagnare una violenza orribile. Morricone strappa via l'armonia da tali momenti, analogamente alla brutalità della scena che è di per sé una spogliazione dell'umanità. Tuttavia, in una nota a piè di pagina che definiva ulteriormente il suo genio esperto, Morricone aggiunse che laddove un film potesse essere stato destinato ad un mercato commerciale più popolare piuttosto che al consumo "d'essai", avrebbe tenuto conto di ciò nelle sue composizioni e avrebbe incluso più melodia accanto alla violenza.

 

E qual è stato, secondo lui, il film più raccapricciante che ha scritto? Il Maestro non esitò a dirmi che il film “Salò o Le 120 giornate di Sodoma” di Pier Paolo Pasolini del 1975 era stato un progetto che aveva trovato quasi impossibile da digerire.

IL CONTESTO POLITICO DI MORRICONE

Morricone ha vissuto un enorme cambiamento politico nella sua nativa Italia e una domanda che gli ho posto è stata se il cambiamento del panorama politico del suo paese negli ultimi nove decenni abbia avuto un impatto sulla sua musica? "Niente affatto" è stata la sua rapida risposta.

L'EVOLUZIONE DELLA VISIONE DEI CINEMATOGRAFI NEL CORSO DEI DECENNI

Gli ultimi decenni hanno visto cambiamenti sismici nel modo in cui i film vengono visti dal pubblico. All'inizio della carriera di Morricone, un cinema/teatro era l'unico modo per guardare un film. Da allora, le proiezioni più personali, siano esse via TV o sui vari dispositivi digitali di oggi, hanno superato il numero di persone che acquistano i biglietti del cinema. Ho chiesto al compositore come questo cambiamento nel modo in cui i film "vengono consumati" dal pubblico moderno, possa aver influito sul suo lavoro. Ancora una volta, e con un rinnovato impegno per la purezza artistica, Morricone ha commentato che la sua composizione è sempre guidata dal dramma, sia come sceneggiatura che come recitazione, e che non è distratto dai cambiamenti nel modo in cui un film alla fine verrà visto.

Detto questo, Morricone rimane profondamente consapevole dell'equilibrio sonoro finale di un film e del mix finale tra musica, rumore ambientale di sottofondo e dialoghi. Abbiamo discusso l'entità del suo coinvolgimento nella post-produzione del sonoro di un film, dove ha indicato che in linea di massima lascia tale decisione interamente nelle mani del regista. Tuttavia ha accennato in modo intrigante ad un particolare progetto di qualche anno fa (purtroppo non ha menzionato nessun nome) in cui ha appreso che il regista aveva trascorso solo un giorno (!) A mixare e finalizzare il suono per l'intero film. La sua opinione su quel progetto era aspra, e non sono riuscito a sapere altre informazioni.

LE MUSE DI MORRICONE

Nel 1968 Morricone doveva scrivere la colonna sonora di “C'era una volta il West” di Sergio Leone, un film per il quale ha successivamente raccontato di aver composto due delle melodie più evocative - Il tema di Jill e L'uomo con l'armonica - basate esclusivamente sulla sceneggiatura e ben prima che le riprese principali fossero iniziate o fossero state create con lo storyboard. La colonna sonora, in particolare la memorabile linea di soprano in Jill's Theme, è diventata una delle composizioni più celebri di Morricone e ha parlato brevemente dei vincoli e delle libertà di scrivere musica per un film che esisteva solo sulla carta.

Ha spiegato che con pochi registi selezionati (incluso Leone ovviamente), è stato in grado di immaginare una visione molto chiara delle immagini di un film dalle discussioni e dalla pianificazione iniziale. Da queste discussioni, i temi critici della narrazione hanno sviluppato la loro forma musicale in modi che dovevano essere completati solo dal film finito.

La conversazione si è poi spostata sull'ispirazione a cui attinge per la "tavolozza musicale" di una particolare partitura? La sua risposta è stata che tipicamente una tale tavolozza emerge dal suo semplice seguire la storia filmata. Tuttavia penserà sempre attentamente a quanto potrebbe essere "scioccante" una partitura particolare. Ha anche parlato di trarre ispirazione dal suo ambiente e da ciò che lo circonda, raccontando come nel 1995 mentre stava scrivendo la colonna sonora di “Sostiene Pereira”, il dramma politico di Roberto Faenza sul fascismo portoghese, il rumore derivante da una manifestazione politica che si svolgeva in Piazza Venezia a Roma, fuori dalla sua casa di allora, gli avrebbe fornito l’ispirazione per la musica di quel film.

MORRICONE, QUENTIN TARANTINO E GLI HATEFUL EIGHT

Cambiando rotta, la conversazione è tornata al catalogo di composizioni di Morricone. I registi moderni (in particolare Tarantino, in un certo numero di film negli ultimi 15 anni circa) hanno inserito le sue composizioni precedenti, incorporando la musica nelle loro immagini del 21° secolo. Ho chiesto a Morricone il grado di controllo editoriale (se presente) che ha cercato di esercitare su tale uso.

Morricone ha espresso un atteggiamento rilassato su come la sua musica potrebbe essere stata utilizzata nelle colonne sonore successive, ma ha offerto uno sguardo affascinante su uno "scambio" culturale attorno a The Hateful Eight. Il Maestro ha suggerito che mentre Tarantino era stato libero di selezionare melodie vintage nelle sue precedenti compilation di colonne sonore, a Morricone, a sua volta, era stata concessa una mano relativamente libera nella composizione della colonna sonora di quel film. Ho chiesto se il film segnasse il ritorno di Morricone ai western, e lui ha risposto che in realtà aveva cercato di porre maggiore enfasi sul lato drammatico della storia piuttosto che sul suo genere western. Era tuttavia fiducioso - una fiducia successivamente premiata sia dall'Accademia britannica che da quella americana - che il suo lavoro si adattasse sia alla sceneggiatura che alla fotografia.

Vale la pena notare che quando Morricone ha vinto l'Oscar del 2016, è diventato il più anziano vincitore di un Oscar a trionfare in una categoria competitiva. Ascolta la registrazione della colonna sonora e nota la traccia intitolata "Neve" che dura 12 minuti, un tempo sorprendente per una composizione cinematografica di questi tempi. Morricone ha parlato del suo personale orgoglio per la musica del film, descrivendo quel brano come dotato di una bellezza quasi sinfonica e di quanto apprezzasse la rara opportunità di comporre una colonna sonora del genere in questa era moderna del cinema.

Le Partiture dei film vengono suonate dal vivo

Man mano che il pubblico che impara ad apprezzare alcune delle colonne sonore più classiche del cinema cresce e con l'assistenza della tecno-stregoneria del 21° secolo, c'è una tendenza crescente per i film da proiettare con la colonna sonora originale cancellata digitalmente dalla stampa e sostituita da un'orchestra dal vivo che esegue simultaneamente la colonna sonora del film.

Morricone è stato, ancora una volta, succinto su questo. In ogni caso, ha detto, andare ad un concerto di una colonna sonora in cui potrebbero esserci state forse leggere ri-orchestrazioni dell'opera per gli scopi di quel particolare evento, quando il film viene proiettato, la musica per accompagnare quell'esperienza dovrebbe essere indiscutibilmente la colonna sonora originale come registrata - è stato chiaro che le sue partiture non dovrebbero mai essere suonate dal vivo per accompagnare una proiezione.

IL SANTUARIO INTERIORE DI MORRICONE

L'intervista si era svolta nel salotto dei Morricone, ma ero curioso di vedere meglio l'appartamento. Sfruttando il caloroso rapporto che si era instaurato tra il geniale compositore italiano e il curioso giornalista inglese, colsi l'attimo e chiesi al Maestro un di poter vedere un assaggio dei “suoi Oscar”. Raggiante di orgoglio, mi afferrò per un braccio, accompagnandomi ad una scala che conduceva al suo studio nell'attico. Raramente sono stato in una cabina di pilotaggio così profonda di creatività, in una stanza che è una testimonianza del talento. Le pareti erano tappezzate di prime edizioni incorniciate delle partiture di Morricone, insieme ad attestati di onore e riconoscimento che risalivano al suo diploma (di prima classe, naturalmente) da adolescente al Conservatorio Santa Cecilia di Roma. Lo scaffale dei trofei era assordante nel suo silenzioso tributo al loro proprietario, ma discutendo di quella stanza e della sua magnificenza con Morricone, tutto ciò che poteva dire era che era orgoglioso di tutte le sue composizioni, indipendentemente dalle dimensioni, dal budget o dalla natura di qualsiasi produzione.

Ennio Morricone - un uomo il cui genio è pari solo alla sua modestia.

Grazie mille a Nanni Civitenga per aver tradotto il mio articolo originale in italiano. JB

Sir Tim Rice In Conversation

Sir Tim, with (l-r) his Emmy, an Oscar a Tony and a Grammy 

For this week only Sir Tim Rice is hitting the road, accompanied by 8 singers and musicians, touring England from Northampton to Newcastle on a trial of his show that offers an intimate glimpse into the style and process of his writing - An Evening With Sir Tim Rice - Circle of Words.

Having seen the first show of this mini tour I then caught up with Sir Tim at home the next day where I found him reflecting on how the gig had gone the night before and very happy to talk about aspects of his career and also, revealingly, his comments on the state of lyric writing in general today.

At first sight, one of the most surprising things about this brief tour (or as Rice with his hallmark, sardonic, self-deprecation calls it, his “World Tour”) is that it is happening at all. The man is only four weeks out of having had a hip replaced, and as he amiably strolled onto the stage at Northampton’s Royal and Derngate Theatre there was only the slightest trace of a limp, his walking stick wielded much like a cricket bat! Rice adds that in a funny way he thinks the stick almost added to the gig, feeling that he could have just about done it without it but would have been permanently panicking that he was going to fall!

Rice’s delivery through the evening, speaking between the songs, was as one might expect from his various media appearances fluid, witty and perceptive. His words were also found to be kind and compassionate, showing himself to be one of the most modest mega-stars in musical theatre today.  The man is unassuming and understated, but with an eye and an ear that picks out the details that go on around him, details which so often have found their way into an acerbically written lyric or two.

Rice, with his musical director Duncan Waugh, has done gigs like this before, often occasional events and frequently put on for charity. This however is the first occasion that he’s packaging himself up commercially with, by all accounts, the box office reports for the remaining performances being extremely encouraging. Hardly surprising when one considers what the evening’s programme will have in store.  

Sir Tim has chosen the set list himself. Waugh however, with whom he has worked for a long time and knows his music well, has worked closely with him proving a great assistance in compiling the songs and in setting out their order. The evening touches upon all of his performed work from the great Lloyd Webber and Disney collaborations through to Chess, From Here To Eternity and even an extract from Aida, another co-creation with Elton John that has yet to reach London, notwithstanding its cracking run on Broadway – Rice teasingly hints though that Aida is on its way to the West End possibly later in 2023, almost certainly in 2024.

Rice’s stage show not only includes his musical theatre creations, but also given an airing are David Essex’s signature hit, A Winter’s Tale and, incredibly, the last song recorded by Elvis Presley, It’s Easy For You.

Also included in the evening’s line-up is an acoustic take on All Time High, written for the James Bond movie Octopussy. Rice’s singers for the tour are Shonagh Daly, Laura Tebbutt, Ricardo Afonso and Dean Chisnall, all highly accomplished West End performers and their interpretation of the Bond song is a gorgeous acoustic version. Rice, the next day, commented that he preferred his quartet’s take on the number to that of Rita Coolidge who recorded it for the movie some 40 years ago!

Rice went on to praise his vocalists, observing that although they are all supremely talented they are not yet stars in their own right, an understated feature that clearly appeals to the modestly presented composer. He observed that if he had possibly brought in one or two star names, who would no-doubt be great, to tour with him, he may possibly put a few more bums on seats to begin with, but may well have lost something of the tour’s team spirit. 

Waugh’s tour band comprises himself on keyboards, with Tim Maple on guitars, Stan White on bass and son Rob on drums. Keeping in the spirit of that aspect of the conversation, I mentioned to Sir Tim that notwithstanding his current travelling troupe of eight, that over the years his work has provided employment for literally thousands of performers, creatives and musicians. In typical modesty, Rice quietly commented “Well. I suppose that’s true”.

Our conversation moved on to the technique of writing a show, with Rice a firm believer in the strength of the underlying narrative, or “book” of a show being an essential component of a successful musical – albeit wryly acknowledging that the success of Cats arguably suggests otherwise! Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat of course came from one of the most famous stories of all time and Rice gave a tantalising glimpse as to how that very first successful collaboration took shape.

Initially commissioned as a school production Rice commented: “I would say [to Andrew Lloyd Webber] that I think we’ve got to have an opening song which sets the scene and then we need a song about Joseph’s coat. And obviously Andrew would chip in but I would say this is what the song should be and then Andrew would say well maybe we could make Pharaoh like Elvis or whatever, - I can’t actually remember who suggested that -, but then talking through the story then Andrew would be in a position to write tunes that would fit each aspect each scene each bit of the story and then I would put lyrics to the tune knowing that the tune had that scene in mind and were suitable for what the action was so when Andrew wrote the tune he knew whether he was writing a love song or a comic song or whatever, it was all crystal clear which was great!”

Speaking of Evita, another smash-hit musical (after Jesus Christ Superstar) penned with Lloyd-Webber, Rice explained the backstory to that show, improbably based upon the life of Eva Peron and inspired by a Radio 4 programme that he listened to while driving home one evening in the early 1970s.

Over the course of a year, he was to research the show at a time he says when there was “very little information about her. There have been hundreds of books about her ever since, I think largely inspired by the musical, none of which give any credit whatsoever to the musical!”

On his researching visits to Argentina, Rice was to learn about Eva Peron and travelled to Buenos Aires for a few days just to really get the atmosphere. When he wrote the song Buenos Aires, the location itself had written the lyrics for him. Rice comments: "Rio de la Plata, Corrientes, Nueve de Julio, I mean, if you just hear them in the song, you wouldn't know what they were, but they're all places in Buenos Aires or Argentina.

And a lot of Argentines who I met subsequently when the show was on, so many of them, especially the older ones, said that we really had got Eva Peron right. Which was very encouraging. I mean, some people said to us, "Oh, you've really been too nice to her." And other people said, "Oh, you've been far too unkind to her." So we thought, "Well, we probably got it about right," because if these people are too totally opposing views, both seem to react to it.”

We go on to talk about how new musical theatre writing is evolving, with Rice remaining characteristically modest and showering praise on both Hamilton and Six!, but on probing a little deeper Rice reveals more. While he praises two jukebox musicals A Beautiful Noise [framed around Neil Diamond’s discography]  and MJ The Musical [Michael Jackson] that he had recently seen on Broadway, it is notable that there is (obviously) no new lyricist credited with those shows’ creation, and he is scathing about much of what passes for new writing today.

He says that "90% of the songs are all about Me, me, me! And they're observing themselves and saying, I'm stressed or I'm emotionally disturbed, or I'm lost or whatever. And am I a man? Am I a woman? What am I?

And frankly, one is quite often the worst person to study and analyse oneself. By contrast, I always find it interesting to put myself in the position of somebody like Bobby Fischer or Freddy Trumper, or indeed many of the women I've written songs for. 

I've never stood on the balcony in Buenos Aires preaching to 10,000 peasants, I've never been involved in a Mary Magdalene scenario. But that doesn't stop you observing and imagining. And I think once you start imagining, your imagination can take you places where you never would've gone if you just used your own experience. Most things I've written about I've never experienced, and I think that often helps make them good, whereas if you only write about yourself and your deep emotional problems and you think I'm the centre of the universe, it's usually bloody boring!”

 

When I suggest to Rice that much new musical theatre writing comprises self-indulgent ballad-fests, he agrees. 

Evita came from a meticulously researched study into Argentina’s modern history and the life of Eva Peron. Similarly with Chess when Rice found himself in Reykjavik not long after the 1972 chess tournament between Fischer and Spassky had taken place with the Cold War raging, that the idea for the show came to him.

A serendipitous partnering with Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus from ABBA was brokered and the rest was to lead to Chess, a show that didn’t garner the critical success of Jesus Christ Superstar or of Evita but nonetheless contains some of Rice’s strongest and most perceptive writing. Aside from the musical’s hits of One Night In Bangkok and I Know Him So Well, Pity The Child a song in the show’s second act, act two that explores the American chess player’s troubled and traumatic childhood is one of the finest examples of Rice’s genius in translating the harshness of humanity into song. On the opening of Chess, Rice had to assure his mother that the song bore absolutely no reference whatsoever to his own idyllic childhood!

Having worked with many composers over the years, Rice is well placed to observe their differing styles. “With Andrew occasionally I’d say look this is a kind of dialogue between Eva and Magaldi or whatever so it’s probably best if I write it and you then set it, and you don’t have to set its syllable to syllable. Most of the work I do isn’t done when the composer’s in the room because you’re at home. Words take longer to write than tunes! Even I could write a bad tune in about 2 minutes but running a good one is a bit of a challenge!” 

I asked Rice if, when writing for Disney in particular, is there a specific formulaic structure that the studio required? “Not really, except Disney, the producers and the directors will say they want this scene, and sometimes you would've written a song in one scene or in one scenario, and then suddenly you come into the studio the next day and they say, "Oh, that scene is now no longer there." Which can happen in animation more than it can in regular filming, because giraffes or hippopotamus don't have an agent, and so there's no complaint if they get booted out of the film! Whereas, if you said to Brad Pitt, "Brad, we're cutting your part or cutting this scene." I think it wouldn't go down too well. So, you are slightly at the mercy of the directors, as indeed you should be, but they can be and have to be quite brutal at times.”

Rice’s introduction to writing for Disney came following the tragic death of Howard Ashman who had been Alan Menken’s lyricist on notable Disney and Broadway successes in preceding years. As one might expect, Rice speaks with nothing but the humblest of respect for what Ashman had achieved, as it fell to Rice to pick up the lyricist’s pen and conclude the writing for the half-completed Disney’s Aladdin.

Rice’s contribution to that movie was significant, with his song, A Whole New World winning in 1992 what was to be the first of his three Oscars. The other two being won for Can You Feel The Love Tonight (1994 – The Lion King with Elton John) and You Must Love Me (1996 – Evita with Andrew Lloyd-Webber). Rice tells a cracking yarn about the Evita win, with the Oscar only being awarded to new songs that are included in a movie in any given year. Evita of course had been around as an album long before Madonna ever stepped up to the role, and so the winning song was especially composed for the movie by the indefatigable pair, with half a canny eye on a possible Oscar win. Their gamble was to pay off!

Above all, in chatting with Sir Tim, what strikes one (aside from his passion for cricket, he was President of the MCC in 2002) is his overwhelming charm, grace and modesty. He may write with a sharp and perceptive wit, but in person he is the complete gentleman and a man whose stories can hold you spellbound for hours.

Click here to read my review of the first night of Sir Tim's tour.

An Evening With Sir Tim Rice - Circle of Words continues on tour.

Ken Ludwig In Conversation

Ken Ludwig

Crazy For You opens this month at Chichester Festival Theatre. The musical delivers a fine evening of song and dance and drawn from the composing genius of George and Ira Gershwin, one could be forgiven for thinking that the show is a classic hailing from Broadway’s Golden Age. Of course, nothing could be further from the truth. While the songs are in part drawn from the Gershwin’s 1930 show Girl Crazy, it fell to Ken Ludwig (who co-conceived the musical with director Mike Ockrent) to create the book for Crazy for You some 60 years later. The show's Broadway opening in 1992 garnered 3 Tony Awards including Best Musical, with similar honours in the Oliviers a year later on its West End transfer.

Ludwig has been very busy at Chichester recently. His adaptation of Agatha Christie’s Murder On The Orient Express has only recently closed at the Festival Theatre after achieving a slew of rave reviews from across the national press. He is back in Sussex again for Crazy For You and I caught up with him in a break from rehearsals to talk about these remarkable productions.

Charlie Stemp and Carly Anderson rehearsing Crazy For You at Chichester

Ludwig told me how Crazy For You was created. “Back in the early 1990s, a businessman called Roger Horchow called me out of the blue. He had invested in a couple of Broadway shows, but had always wanted to do Gershwin. He called me because I had a show on Broadway at the time called Lend Me A Tenor that was the only real comedy on Broadway at the time and he had really loved it. He told me that he had acquired the rights from the Gershwin Estate and would I write an adaptation of Girl Crazy? 

I told him that I couldn't! Girl Crazy has a terrible book. In fact it’s hardly a book at all, more a bunch of blackout sketches with some glorious songs in it: Embraceable You, I Got Rhythm, But Not For Me. So it had an amazing score, but it was hardly a story at all.

Girl Crazy was loosely about an East Coast guy heading West. Well, I ended up keeping that bit of the story so that I could use a couple of the songs as book songs, like Biding My Time and Could You Use Me, but otherwise I threw it all out and started from scratch. I came up with a story, not entirely unlike Lend Me A Tenor, if you think about it, which is someone who in their heart wants to be in show business, but can't quite make the leap. In the case of Lend Me A Tenor, it’s somebody who is an assistant to a producer. In the case of Crazy For You, he comes from a banking family. His parents force him to be a banker, but he just wants to tap dance and that's Bobby in Crazy For You. So, I wrote the idea, came up with the story, and then Mike Ockrent joined in, we found Susan Stroman to choregraph and we built the musical.”

The company rehearsing Crazy For You at Chichester

I asked Ken to tell me more about Susan Stroman. “Well, Stroman is remarkable. She started out as a choreographer, and was rightly acclaimed for Crazy For You and went onto do other Broadway shows. And then, late in the day, she started directing. She and Mike Ockrent who directed Crazy For You got married and they were doing some shows together, and in fact were hired to do The Producers together, when Mike contracted leukaemia and tragically died so young. And then she took over The Producers and directed that on her own.”

And of course it is Stroman who will be making her much anticipated debut at Chichester this year, as she directs and choreographs this revival of Crazy For You!

Chichester hosted the UK premiere of Murder On The Orient Express earlier this year before a planned transfer to Bath. I asked Ken about his ingenious adaptation of the Agatha Christie classic.

“The Christie Estate came to me and said, "We'd like you to take any one of her novels and put it on stage.  I was very flattered and I said, "Of course I'd be honoured to do it." I chose Murder On The Orient Express without rereading it. I hadn't read it in years. I'd seen the great (1974) Albert Finney movie, but I knew the title was such an iconic title. And I thought, well, in itself it's so romantic, the title's romantic and it's exotic and ought to translate to the stage well.

Then I read the novel soup to nuts and realized this is going to be tricky. It's all virtually, all on the train. So to dramatise it, to make it fun to watch on stage and exciting, and a cliff hanger, I changed two things from the novel.

Firstly, I made the murder happen a great deal later in the piece than it is in the book. If you think in a way that's counterintuitive, as it's the murder that gets the story started, but it's really not. As a dramatist I wanted us to meet the characters and get invested in all those characters on the train, so that we cared about who did it, because until the very end w don't know who did it. Jonathan Church, who directed it so superbly, turned to me at one point and said, "Ken, the murder isn't happening till 45 minutes into the play, are we going to be okay?" And I said, "Well, just hold tight. I think we'll be all right." And it ends up being just that and it works.

The other major change I made is that in the book there are 12 suspects and someone even makes a remark about that and says, "Oh 12, like a British jury." I cut that down to eight suspects because there were just too many people to get to know in the compressed stage time.”

One of the standout features of the play was the set design, and I asked Ken for his thoughts on seeing a play that is, for the most part, set on a train stranded in the Alps, physically brought to the stage.

“When the play first ran in the States there was a beautiful set by Beowulf Boritt who in fact I've worked with several times since, and he's doing Crazy For You here at Chichester now. For the play here, a whole different concept emerged between the two geniuses that I had to work with, who were Jonathan Church and his designer Rob Jones. 

Rob had conceived a whole imaginative way to view the train with the locomotive at the back of the stage and pallets that came on and danced around the stage. And, as you saw, they formed the dining car and then formed the car with all the bedrooms. And so we had to imagine ourselves into the setting in a different way. 

It was all in our mind seeing the pieces of it come together and it was, I have to say, the most beautiful, dramatic set I think I'll ever have in my life. And it helped spur me on to write the new pieces, parts of it that I did, because it was so glorious. Rob’s design, from the early design-box stage, made me think about how that would affect Poirot and the big entrances for Mrs. Hubbard, who is very flamboyant American, and all the characters, little Greta Olson, who's afraid of her own shadow. And it inspired me to rethink the dramatic way to tell the story.

Henry Goodman as Hercule Poirot

And of course Henry Goodman (as Hercule Poirot) was a delight. I have known of Henry’s work for a long while and I find his attention to detail is remarkable. He thinks through the character in depth from the beginning of the play to the end of the play. So when we start working, even when we started on the first day and he was practising the first scene, he knows where he wants to end up emotionally, because he's thought about it so much. He's a real intellect. And his skillset is incredible. So he brings both this remarkable intelligence to every role he does and then is able to embody it, because he has such a great set of acting skills and such a good voice too.”

Crazy For You commences previews in the Chichester Festival Theatre on 11th July, where it runs until 4th September. For tickets click here.  

Henry Goodman talks about bringing Hercule Poirot to the stage

 

Henry Goodman has received near universal acclaim for his portrayal of Belgian detective Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express that opened in Chichester last week. Describing the Belgian sleuth as “a cop with a conscience, a detective with dignity”, earlier this month Goodman took a break from his hectic rehearsal schedule to speak with me about the production.

You can read my 5* review of Chichester's Murder on the Orient Express here

Henry Goodman returns to the Chichester stage this month, leading the cast on a newly-written version of Agatha Christie’s Murder on the Orient Express. One of the crime-writer’s classic yarns, the story has been committed to screen numerous times. Now, for the first time, in Ken Ludwig’s adaptation, the murder mystery is to be performed live on stage, with Goodman waxing up his moustache to step into the role of famed detective Hercule Poirot. 

“What is so exciting about the challenge of this story is Poirot. We all know I’m standing on the shoulders of giants – Kenneth Branagh, David Suchet, Peter Ustinov, John Malkovich, Albert Finney and Alfred Molina have all played him on screen – but lockdown gave me the time to read quite a lot of the novels and look at all the films. I didn’t do this to nick ideas, although there might be the odd thing that inspired me, but to soak myself up in Poirot and try to understand why he is so important to people. Why did Christie fall in love with him? I see Poirot as a figure of hope and this adaptation enhances that. I’m in my 70s, so it’s an older man who is saying: ‘This was the case that really was unique in my life. Come back and have a look at it with me.’

“Why is Poirot so refreshing, and why is he able to say things about the British that the British can’t say about themselves? It’s not just that he’s got an odd walk, or that he’s slightly eccentric in his speech, or that he is a foreigner out of place amongst all these people because in this story there are a lot of foreigners all trapped on a train who are from Russia, Sweden and Hungary. No, the interesting, exotic thing is it that this blend of cultures makes him act differently to how he does when he is with the English. Ludwig has been very clever about keeping alive the whodunnit and the questioning, but also in allowing me to observe different nationalities and different presumed attitudes. He’s not just a cop with a conscience, he is a man with a moral strength, and that’s why this case is so important to him as he invites the audience to go back and explore it with him.”

Previous Poirots have all been on film or TV where the camera can be close-up on every hair on his moustache. Here, we are in a 1300-seat auditorium, which Goodman last appeared at in 2010 when he played the role of Sir Humphrey Appleby in Yes, Prime Minister. “Live performance doesn’t necessarily mean melodrama, because it’s a wonderfully powerful and intimate space, but it’s theatre not film,” says Henry. “That means not ‘bigness’, but a different type of laser-focus on certain things that a camera can cheat on. The camera can suggest a little shot through a window or a lingering dolly shot or all sorts of things, but we have to make it happen in a different way.”

Speaking about the historical context of the story, Goodman continued: “I am very conscious that it’s set in the 1930s just after the Nazi rise of 1933. Although it’s a murder mystery, and Ken’s been very strong on the thriller element of working out what happens when and where, there are certain social attitudes built into Christie in her time. Some of these tend towards the colonial and imperialist. However, these people are trapped on a train in the ‘30s. I don’t want to give anything away, but towards the end of the play they are revealed to be acting in a particular light of current events. There are the attitudes of the thirties: of nobility, royalty, a Russian princess, an American actress. These are the characters in the novel, so they’re nothing new, but we have intensified the contrast between them, creating a strong insight into the attitudes of the time, which speak to us now because here we are with Russia invading Ukraine. In the ‘30s that’s exactly what was going on – an invasion of Europe.”

In 1997 Goodman brought Broadway’s Billy Flynn to London in Kander and Ebb’s Chicago. I ask if there are any parallels between playing a ruthless criminal defence lawyer and an investigating detective?

“I’ve played a lot of manipulative nasty people, but the reason these roles are so interesting to play, and why people enjoy reading criminal novels and dealing with dark stuff, is that there’s something charismatic about them. Flynn is manipulative, while Poirot discovers other people’s manipulation, and that is a joy to play. Poirot is passionate about his moral certitude in a world that is in danger.”

Goodman grew up in the East End and worked a pitch selling watches on Petticoat Lane. He landed his first role in 1960 in a film called Conspiracy of Hearts. He was 10. “The film was about little kids being rescued from a concentration camp by nuns. My picture was in Woman’s Weekly – the first image of myself on film was standing behind barbed wire as a little boy in a concentration camp. These things go very deep.

You can read my 5* review of Chichester's Murder on the Orient Express here

Runs until 4th June at Chichester, then tours to Theatre Royal, Bath

This interview was first published in the Jewish News

Photos of Henry Goodman by Johan Persson

Ria Jones In Conversation

Ria Jones as Norma Desmond, Curve, 2017

 

Sunset Boulevard, directed by Nikolai Foster and starring Ria Jones as Norma Desmond, is currently available to stream until January 9th 2021 and my review of this remarkable re-imagining of Billy Wilder's classic Hollywood tale can be found here.

But while the show, recorded at Leicester's Curve Theatre, may be remarkable, Ria Jones' association with Sunset Boulevard is even more incredible. In 1992, Andrew Lloyd Webber unveiled the show at his Sydmonton Festival, with Jones playing Norma. It was to be some 24 years before Jones was to return to the role, this time at London's Coliseum where she played in standby to Glenn Close.

Fate intervened, and Jones was gifted the chance to lead the Coliseum's show for a series of performances while Close was unwell - and such was the strength of her performance that the Curve, together with producer Michael Harrison, created a touring production of Sunset Boulevard that opened to critical acclaim one year later in 2017.

Now, in the pandemic, it is that touring production that has been revived for streaming.

This week Ria Jones and I discussed Norma and her. Read on.....

JB:     Ria, you have returned to Sunset Boulevard in the midst of a pandemic – tell me how this current, streamed production evolved. 

RJ:     To be honest, when Nikolai Foster, the show’s director first asked me, I literally thought it would be a concert performance with me in a nice dress walking on in front of a microphone and, with the cast, simply singing the songs. But then I thought, how can we do that? Because if you just take the songs, that's not going to last for even an hour!

Then the more I learned about the production, and that there was a revolve that had been donated by Cameron Mackintosh to the theatre, and I thought, okay, that's going to be a bit different to a normal concert. Then I heard we were in costume. And then more and more, and it just sounded more as if it was going to be like the production - although it couldn't be because there were no sets! And then when I heard it was with the 16 piece orchestra, I thought, I'm in! Sadly, a lot of shows can't afford to have that many musicians, but this score begs for that cinematic sound. From that first chord that you hear in the overture, that big, low bellowing sound, it's just fabulous. And I thought, definitely. I think it's a great time to do it because of all the shows I've done, this one is so special for so many reasons. Of all the shows I'd love to sing this year, of all years, would be Sunset, would be Norma.

And then as you know, Leicester went into Tier Three. So, we thought “that would be it, that's it!” and then Nikolai said, "We're thinking of filming it....." 

To be honest, I wished I'd had a few months’ notice and could have gone on a diet because of the lockdown weight I’d put on. HD is cruel at the best of times, let alone after COVID for 10 months! I'm sorry to say this, but HD is not kind unless you're Danny Mac and you wake up perfect like that. 10o'clock in the morning and he would look just as good as at anytime of day! 

As the streamed production came together, the lovely thing about Nikolai was that he allowed us all to put our own ideas in the mix. And he genuinely meant it. This take on the musical was so new and so groundbreaking that we were all able to contribute to its creation. Dan came up with the idea of Betty and Joe underneath the stage with all the scaffolding for that scene in act two, a moment that I thought was just gorgeous. It was a learning curve for us all.

As the tech went on, we got more and more excited because we could feel and see how good it felt and as soon as we heard the orchestra play, it was like sitzprobe all over again. Actually, it was like a sitzprobe each time they played as they were in the room with us throughout, rather than hidden away in a rehearsal room upstairs. That worked especially well, helping us to connect with the musicians and we needed that even more so with there being no audience to relate the story to. 

I think for me playing Norma to an empty auditorium was just amazing because, for her, she was still in a silent world, looking out to the empty seats, the empty auditorium. Tragic in a way, but also quite beautiful because it summed up her whole world, the silent world.

Since the first streams have been broadcast I have had people say that they found my singing "With One Look" or, "As If We Never Said Goodbye," to an auditorium with empty seats was quite moving, especially today. 

JB:     Indeed – the poignancy of the empty Curve is striking. Within the show, the most moving moment for me remains when Hogeye, a Paramount lighting operator who remembers Norma from her glory days, shines a spotlight on her – sending her mind back through the decades. 

RJ:     Yeah, me too. And the music, the way the music is written for that moment is stunning, because the climax of the light hitting her on that with one look moment, that it's just absolutely glorious to play.

"I can say anything I want, with my eyes!"

JB:     It is a heartbreaking piece of humanity, tied to brilliant visuals and brilliant music.

RJ:     Yes, exactly, exactly, exactly. Because in an ideal world, on a film set, it would be those huge empty studios, and with just that one beam of light smacking her in the face. And whether I did it at the Coliseum, even when I first did it at Sydmonton, I remember that, the build-up. It's all the build-up to that moment, isn't it, for her? And it's just so beautifully written and timed.

And of course in her head, and she's just completely in her own world. Nobody else exists. Even though she sings “I don't know why I'm frightened”, it’s as if she's telling them, she's not. She's in her own little world remembering the fairy tale. It's the fairy tales, and the laughter and the joy and the nervousness of it all. She's a teenager, she's 17, again. She's 17. And that beam of light is that smacking her in the face. She's 17 and she’s just met Mr. DeMille who made her a star.

I bawl my eyes out every time, because that's the age I was when I started in the business. I was 16 doing the tour for Bill Kenwright of Joseph. During the tour, I became 17. And then I really got going when I was 17. So when he says that, "If you could have seen her at 17, beautiful and strong, before it all went wrong. She doesn't know that she never knew the meaning of surrender." And you just think, "Oh, there but the grace of God, go I!"

Ria Jones as Norma Desmond, Curve Streamed Performance, 2020

JB:     How did social distancing impact upon your performance?

Social distancing has imposed some strange and unfamiliar working practices upon the company. We couldn't have wigs. We couldn't have dressers. We had to dress ourselves and I had to do my own hair. I always do my own makeup anyway, but of course again under the scrutiny of HD cameras, you've got to think and I've got to be a makeup artist all of a sudden; I've got to be a hairdresser. Previously I’d have had three dressers. Literally, I would come off stage, and have three dressers around me to get me dressed quickly for the next scene. So that was strange. 

Luckily for me though, I could wear turbans for most of the stream. Also, luckily, I'd grown my hair through lockdown, for no other reason than just change really. And so that's why I was able to use my hair for the last scene. On tour, Colin Richmond had designed two wigs for me. The glamorous one, when she's the ingenue, trying to flirt with Joe and the hair has to be perfect. And then one for her breakdown in Act Two, that was much thinner and going grey and everything.

So I thought, how can I do that this time? And I decided to use my own hair and make that look a bit mad, so that the streaming audience see that Norma is real underneath the turban. 

All of those things were tricky, because as well as thinking about what I was singing, I was also thinking about my quick changes, doing my own hair and makeup, all while we were in the real-time of a show. It was not like we were doing a film with the luxury of stopping for an hour while I did a complete makeup change and hair change. I had five, 10 minutes to do all that in, before I was back on camera. So that was scary.

JB:      Your association with Sunset Boulevard has been remarkable, given that you workshopped the show with Andrew Lloyd Webber before performing as Norma Desmond in its first outing at Lloyd Webber’s  Sydmonton Festival in 1990. Please tell me about that journey. 

RJ:     From the outset I adored the songs, they really suited my voice. And it was lovely to work closely with Andrew on them. I mean, I remember sitting next to him at the piano, in his home in Belgrave, literally while he was writing the end of "As If We Never Said Goodbye," And he was like, do you think it is up or down? I said, no, I think it should go up at the end of “goodbye”, which it does – and then of course he added "we taught the world, new ways to dream" And I thought, yes, that's a lovely touch to the song. 

Ria Jones as Norma Desmond, Sydmonton, 1992

At first I thought I really understood why it was there. So then when I played Norma again – fast forward to the Coliseum 26 years later or whatever - oh my gosh, had I learned a lot more, because I had lived a lot more, and by then (in 2016) I was the right age. And having been in the business then for 30 odd years, and having experienced tragedy, loneliness and fear of being on my own at times all helped me get into the bones of Norma Desmond, because the one thing I didn't want was to become a caricature of her. 

Even now, in the two and a half years from doing it on tour to filming it last week, I've experienced more layers to her. 

And also, I am grateful to Norma. For many reasons, she's been a big part of my life. When I was standby to Glenn Close, Norma got me back out there into the world after my illness and that was great.

 

JB – Tell me more about the Coliseum production

RJ:     Because I wasn't actually in the show as an understudy, I was standing by in the wings literally every night. It's not every day you get to watch a Hollywood A-Listers rehearse and create and everything and that was fascinating for me. Also it was a way of me dipping my toe back into the business, but not with all the pressure of eight shows a week or everything. It was a nice way for me to just slowly get back into it and by gosh, it worked out.

Of course I was booked as Glenn's standby – so when the time came to step up to the role one had to remember that the reason you're going on is because somebody else is poorly. So as much as you can celebrate it, you have to also be respectful of that.

Ria Jones as Norma Desmond, London Coliseum, 2016

JB:     Kevin Wilson (Theatre PR)  had a ticket in the audience for your first night on at the Coliseum as Norma and he penned a 5* rave review of your performance. 

RJ:     He did. And it went viral, I think! It was amazing and as someone wrote, "It took 36 years to be an overnight success." But it's a case of being at the right place, the right time, the right musical and the right age and the right style for me.

Everything, all the stars aligned and I swear it was Victoria Wood’s heavenly influence too! She had sadly passed away the day before I got the call to play Norma at the Coliseum  and she was a good friend of mine. At the time I said to Steven Mear: "You know what? She's gone up there and thought, right. It's about time for Ria!." I swear it was Victoria.

We all know that unless you make it on TV, you could be a jobbing performer for 40 odd years. I'd rather be a jobbing actress respected by my peers any day than just being a star for the sake of it.

The sad reality of course is that stars do put bums on seats and you do lose out sometimes on jobs you should maybe get, simply because you're not famous. But I'm happy with my lot more than, more than, and so lucky to have been able to have done Sunset Boulevard at the end of what has been an awfully dark year for theatre.

But you know, we're such survivors. We really will come back better than ever after all this. And I'm just thrilled that we had the chance to do this and it's been done and received really well. Yeah!

Sunset Boulevard In Concert - At Home is available to be streamed until 9th January 2021. For tickets, click here