code-951db0950174/doc/CVE.txt0000644000000000000000000000705515136273453013455 0ustar 00000000000000.. comments: This file is a temporary way to post CVE notifications before a release. Document the CVE fix info in upgrading.txt. We extract the sections from upgrading.txt that deal with the CVE into a separate CVE.html. An updated docs/security.html and docs/CVE.html provide the details on a between release CVE announcment. Publishing upgrading.txt would include info on the to be released roundup software and wouldn't match the rest of the release docs. To extract the info from upgrading.txt to use in CVE.html, add a commented out a reference anchor in upgrading.txt. Then in CVE.txt we use an include directive with start-after and end-before options to exract the sections from upgrading.txt into CVE.html. The extracted section in CVE.txt gets the same anchor that is in upgrading.txt, but is is not commented out. This allows us to swap out CVE.txt and uncomment the reference in upgrading.txt. Then rerunning sphinx-build will make security.html point to the sections in upgrading.html. For example, in upgrading.txt add a .. comment: _CVE-2024-39124: before the section for the CVE (use the real CVE number). At the end of the CVE section add an end comment: .. comment: end of CVE include marker Update security.txt with a :ref: to the CVE section. E.G. a security.txt references look like: * `CVE-2024-39124`_ - :ref:`classhelpers (_generic.help.html) are vulnerable to an XSS attack. ` Requires fixing tracker homes. where is the reference. The same reference anchor is present (commented out) in upgrading.txt. In CVE.txt you replicate the existing anchor and include to extract the content section from upgrading.txt. E.G. .. _CVE-2024-39124: .. include:: upgrading.txt :start-after: .. comment: _CVE-2024-39124: :end-before: .. comment: end of CVE After building the docs, install docs/security.html and docs/CVE.html on the web site. Reference: https://www.roundup-tracker.org/docs/security.html in the CVE announcement from Mitre. When the release is ready, replace 'comment: _CVE' with '_CVE' in upgrading.txt. This makes the anchors in upgrading.txt live. Then disable CVE.txt by removing CVE.txt from contents.txt in the toctree hidden section. Also add docs/CVE.txt to exclude_patterns in conf.py. No change needs to happen to security.txt as it's using a :ref: and we just changed the location for the ref so sphinx will get the links correct. Now build the docs and publish to the web site. =========== Roundup CVE =========== This is a list of remediation for CVE's that are not fixed in the latest release. When the latest release fixes the CVE, see `the upgrading doc `_ for these details. .. contents:: :local: :depth: 2 .. _CVE-2024-39124: .. note:: Prior to the release of Roundup 2.4.0, you can access updated tracker templates that address CVE-2024-39124 from `CVE-2024-39124-templates.zip <../CVE-2024-39124-templates.zip>`_. Download and extract the zip file to generate a templates subdirectory containing the classic, minimal and other tracker templates. .. include:: upgrading.txt :start-after: .. comment: _CVE-2024-39124: :end-before: .. comment: .. _CVE-2024-39125: .. include:: upgrading.txt :start-after: .. comment: _CVE-2024-39125: :end-before: .. comment: .. _CVE-2024-39126: .. include:: upgrading.txt :start-after: .. comment: _CVE-2024-39126: :end-before: .. comment: end of CVE include marker code-951db0950174/doc/FAQ.txt0000644000000000000000000002014015136273453013435 0ustar 00000000000000=========== Roundup FAQ =========== .. contents:: :local: Installation ------------ Living without a mailserver ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Remove the nosy reactor - delete the tracker file ``detectors/nosyreactor.py`` from your tracker home. You do need to configure the ``[mail]`` section of config.ini. Specifically the ``domain`` and ``host`` settings have to have a value. The values don't matter, but the config parser will complain if they are not set. The cgi-bin is very slow! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Yep, it sure is. It has to start up Python and load all of the support libraries for *every* request. The solution is to use the built in server (or possibly mod_wsgi or other WSGI support). To make Roundup more seamless with your website, you may place the built in server behind apache and link it into your web tree (see below). How do I put Roundup behind Apache ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ We have a project (foo) running on ``tracker.example:8080``. We want ``http://tracker.example/issues`` to use the roundup server, so we set that up on port 8080 on ``tracker.example`` with the ``config.ini`` line:: [tracker] ... web = 'http://tracker.example/issues/' We have a "foo_issues" tracker and we run the server with:: roundup-server -p 8080 issues=/home/roundup/trackers/issues Then, on the Apache machine (eg. redhat 7.3 with apache 1.3), in ``/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`` uncomment:: LoadModule proxy_module modules/libproxy.so and:: AddModule mod_proxy.c Then add:: # roundup stuff (added manually) # proxy through one tracker ProxyPass /issues/ http://tracker.example:8080/issues/ # proxy through all tracker(*) #ProxyPass /roundup/ http://tracker.example:8080/ Then restart Apache. Now Apache will proxy the request on to the roundup-server. Note that if you're proxying multiple trackers, you'll need to use the second ProxyPass rule described above. It will mean that your TRACKER_WEB will change to:: TRACKER_WEB = 'http://tracker.example/roundup/issues/' Once you're done, you can firewall off port 8080 from the rest of the world. Note that in some situations (eg. virtual hosting) you might need to use a more complex rewrite rule instead of the simpler ProxyPass above. The following should be useful as a starting template:: # roundup stuff (added manually) RewriteEngine on # General Roundup RewriteRule ^/roundup$ roundup/ [R] RewriteRule ^/roundup/(.*)$ http://tracker.example:8080/$1 [P,L] # Handle Foo Issues RewriteRule ^/issues$ issues/ [R] RewriteRule ^/issues/(.*)$ http://tracker.example:8080/issues/$1 [P,L] How do I run Roundup through SSL (HTTPS)? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The preferred way of using SSL is to proxy through apache and use its SSL service. See the previous question on how to proxy through apache. The standalone roundup-server now also has SSL support which is still considered experimental. For details refer to the documentation of roundup server, in particular to the generated configuration file generated with :: roundup-server --save-config that describes the needed option in detail. With the standalone server now XMLRPC over SSL works, too. Templates --------- What is that stuff in the tracker html directory? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the template code that Roundup uses to display the various pages. This is based upon the template markup language in Zope called, oddly enough, "Zope Page Templates". There's documentation in the Roundup reference_ documentation. For more information have a look at: https://zope.readthedocs.io/en/latest/zopebook/ZPT.html specifically the chapter (10) on "Using Zope Page Templates" and the chapter (13) on "Advanced Page Templates". (Note the link above is for a newer version of Zope, so some of the info may not apply to version 2 of Zope which is used in roundup. The version 2 docs appear to not be available anymore.) But I just want a select/option list for .... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Really easy... edit ``html/issue.item.html``. For ``nosy``, change the line (around line 69) from:: to:: For ``assigned to``, this is already done around line 77:: assignedto menu Great! But now the select/option list is too big ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ That is a little harder (but only a little ;^) Again, edit ``html/issue.item``. For nosy, change line (around line 69) from:: to:: for more information, go and read about Zope Page Templates. I want to link version identifiers from my messages to svn/mercurial/git ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ See: the LinkFormatingExample at: https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/LinkFormattingExample?highlight=%28local%5C_replace%29 There are examples in the devel and responsive templates. Search for LocalReplace to find the extension file and the change that has to be made to the item template. I can see values in a multilink but not display the items ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Make sure that you have allowed the user to view the labelprop for the multilink class. Look for the setlabelprop explanation in the Roundup reference_ documentation. Using Roundup ------------- I got an error and I cannot reload it! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you're using Netscape/Mozilla, try holding shift and pressing reload. If you're using IE then install Mozilla and try again ;^) I keep getting logged out ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Make sure that the ``tracker`` -> ``web`` setting in your tracker's config.ini is set to the URL of the tracker. I'm getting infinite redirects in the browser ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A wrong value for the ``tracker`` -> ``web`` setting may also result in infinite redirects, see https://issues.roundup-tracker.org/issue2537286 How is sorting performed, and why does it seem to fail sometimes? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When we sort items in the hyperdb, we use one of a number of methods, depending on the properties being sorted on: 1. If it's a String, Integer, Number, Date or Interval property, we just sort the scalar value of the property. Strings are sorted case-sensitively. 2. If it's a Link property, we sort by either the linked item's "order" property (if it has one) or the linked item's "id". 3. Mulitlinks sort similar to #2, but we start with the first Multilink list item, and if they're the same, we sort by the second item, and so on. Note that if an "order" property is defined on a Class that is used for sorting, all items of that Class *must* have a value against the "order" property, or sorting will result in random ordering. How do I filter roundup emails? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When roundup emails users, it provides an email header:: X-Roundup-(class)-(property): values for every property that is a link or multilink (usually things set by a dropdown or selection in the web interface). For example, assume you have a category field for issues in your tracker. You respond to issues that fall into the catagories: Network and Security. You will see headers like: X-Roundup-issue-category: Network or X-Roundup-issue-category: Network, Security, Linux Then you can set up a filter looking for X-Roundup-issue-category followed by Network or Security in your mail program. Also for newer (post version 1.6.X) releases there is also a header: X-Roundup-issue-Id: 22 for messages from issue22. Directions on using your mail program are beyond the scope of this FAQ entry. (If you don't see a header for a multilink or link property, look for msg_header_property in the roundup docs. In some cases you have to explicitly enable the header.) .. _`reference`: reference.html code-951db0950174/doc/Makefile0000644000000000000000000000363015136273453013732 0ustar 00000000000000##@ Default target all: man_html tracker_config.txt admin_help.html ## make all docs under share cd ..; ./setup.py build_doc ##@ build doc parts tracker_config.txt: ../roundup/configuration.py format_config.awk ## generate a current config file python3 ../roundup/scripts/roundup_admin.py \ genconfig _temp_config.txt awk -f format_config.awk _temp_config.txt | \ cat -s > tracker_config.txt rm -f _temp_config.txt ## generate html versions of man pages for inclusion in documentation # find all man pages and generate output file paths. MAN_ROFF=$(wildcard ../share/man/man1/*.1) MAN_HTML=$(patsubst ../share/man/man1/%.1,html_extra/man_pages/%.1.html,$(MAN_ROFF)) man_html: $(MAN_HTML) ## generate html versions of man pages for docs html_extra/man_pages/%.1.html: ../share/man/man1/%.1 man --html=cat $< > $@ # set max width for paragraphs sed -i '/ ROUNDUP-ADMIN

ROUNDUP-ADMIN

NAME
SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS
COMMANDS
READLINE SUPPORT
SECURITY NOTES
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
FURTHER HELP
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

NAME

roundup-admin - administrate roundup trackers

SYNOPSIS

roundup-admin [options] <command> <arguments>

OPTIONS

-i instance home

Specify the issue tracker "home directory" to administer

-u user[:password]

The user and password to use for commands (partial implemention, see Security Notes below).

-h

Print help text.

-d

Print full designators (e.g. issue1) not just id numbers (1).

-c

When outputting lists of data, comma-separate them. Same as -S ",".

-S string

When outputting lists of data, separate items with given string.

-s

When outputting lists of data, space-separate them. Same as -S " ".

-P pragma=value

Set a pragma on the command line. Multiple -P options can be specified to set multiple pragmas.

-V

Be verbose when importing data.

-v

Report Roundup and Python versions and quit.

Only one of -s, -c or -S can be specified.

COMMANDS

If no command is provided on the command line, roundup-admin will enter an interactive mode. More details about these commands are available using the help command.

A designator is a classname and a nodeid concatenated, eg. bug1, user10, ....

Roundup-admin takes a number of commands:

help

prints help (same as -h)

help <subcommand>

Print command-specific help

help all

Print available help for all commands.

commit

Commit changes made to the database during an interactive session.

The changes made during an interactive session are not automatically written to the database - they must be committed using this command.

One-off commands on the command-line are automatically committed if they are successful. See also rollback.

create classname property=value ...

This creates a new entry of the given class using the property name=value arguments provided on the command line after the "create" command.

display designator[,designator]*

This lists the properties and their associated values for the given node. The pragma display_header can be used to add a header between designators that includes the active/retired status of the item.

export [[-]class[,class]] export_dir

Export the database to colon-separated-value files. To exclude the files (e.g. for the msg or file class), use the exporttables command.

Optionally limit the export to just the named classes or exclude the named classes, if the 1st argument starts with ’-’.

This action exports the current data from the database into colon-separated-value files that are placed in the nominated destination directory.

exporttables [[-]class[,class]] export_dir

Export the database to colon-separated-value files, excluding the files below $TRACKER_HOME/db/files/ (which can be archived separately). To include the files, use the export command.

filter classname propname=value ...

Find the nodes of the given class with a given property value. Multiple values can be specified by separating them with commas. If property is a string, all values must match. I.E. it’s an matches. I.E. an ’or’ operation.

find classname propname=value ...

Find the nodes of the given class with a given link property value.

genconfig <filename>

Generate a new tracker config file (ini style) with default values in <filename>. Note that this does not preserve any settings from the current tracker. Use updateconfig for that.

get property designator[,designator]*

Get the given property of one or more designator(s).

Retrieves the property value of the nodes specified by the designators.

history designator [skipquiet] [raw]

Lists the journal entries viewable by the user for the node identified by the designator. If skipquiet is added, journal entries for quiet properties are not shown. Without the raw option a more human readable output format is used.

import import_dir

Import a database from the directory containing CSV files, two per class to import.

The imported nodes will have the same nodeid as defined in the import file, thus replacing any existing content.

The new nodes are added to the existing database - if you want to create a new database using the imported data, then create a new database (or, tediously, retire all the old data). See also export.

importtables import_dir

Import a database from the directory containing CSV files, two per class to import.

The imported nodes will have the same nodeid as defined in the import file, thus replacing any existing content.

This only imports database tables. It does not import files/message content. It is used to import data exported by exporttables. See also exporttables.

initialise [adminpw]

Initialise a new Roundup tracker.

The administrator details will be set at this step.

install [template [backend [key=val[,key=val]]]]

Install a new roundup tracker.

The command will prompt for the tracker home directory (if not supplied through TRACKER_HOME or the -i option). The template and backend may be specified on the command-line as arguments, in that order.

Command line arguments following the backend allows you to pass initial values for config options. For example, passing "web_http_auth=no,rdbms_user=dinsdale" will override defaults for options http_auth in section [web] and user in section [rdbms]. Please be careful to not use spaces in this argument! (Enclose whole argument in quotes if you need spaces in option value).

The initialise command must be called after this command in order to initialise the tracker’s database. You may edit the tracker’s initial database contents before running that command by editing the tracker’s dbinit.py module init() function.

See also initopts help.

list classname [property]

Lists all instances of the given class. If the property is not specified, the "label" property is used. The label property is tried in order: the key, "name", "title" and then the first property, alphabetically.

With -c, -S or -s print a list of item id’s if no property specified. If property specified, print list of that property for every class instance.

The pragma show_retired can be used to print only retired items or to print retired and active items. The default is to print only active items.

migrate

Update a tracker’s database to be compatible with the Roundup codebase.

You should run the "migrate" command for your tracker once you’ve installed the latest codebase.

Do this before you use the web, command-line or mail interface and before any users access the tracker.

This command will respond with either "Tracker updated" (if you’ve not previously run it on an RDBMS backend) or "No migration action required" (if you have run it, or have used another interface to the tracker, or possibly because you are using anydbm).

It’s safe to run this even if it’s not required, so just get into the habit.

pack period | date

Remove journal entries older than a period of time specified or before a certain date.

perftest [mode] [arguments]*

Run performance test. For example test the effect of changing password hashing parameters.

pragma setting=value|list

Set internal settings to a value. E.G.

pragma verbose=True
pragma verbose=yes
pragma verbose=on
pragma verbose=1

will turn on verbose mode for roundup-admin.

pragma list

will show all settings and their current values. If verbose is enabled hidden settings and descriptions will be shown.

reindex [classname|classname:#-#|designator]* This will

re-generate the search indexes for a tracker. You can specify a specific item (or items) (e.g. issue23), range(s) of items (e.g. issue:1-1000), class(es) (e.g. issue) or reindex all items in the database if no arguments are supplied.

restore designator[,designator]*

Restore the retired node specified by designator.

The given nodes will become available for users again.

retire designator[,designator]*

This action indicates that a particular node is not to be retrieved by the list or find commands, and its key value may be re-used. See also restore.

rollback

Undo all changes that are pending commit to the database.

The changes made during an interactive session are not automatically written to the database - they must be committed manually. This command undoes all those changes, so a commit immediately after would make no changes to the database.

security [Role name]

Display the Permissions available to one or all Roles.

set items property=value property=value ...

Set the given properties of one or more items(s).

The items are specified as a class or as a comma-separated list of item designators (ie "designator[,designator,...]").

This command sets the properties to the values for all designators given. If the value is missing (ie. "property=") then the property is un-set. If the property is a multilink, you specify the linked ids for the multilink as comma-separated numbers (ie "1,2,3").

specification classname

Show the properties for a classname.

templates [trace_search]]

Lists the names, location and description of all known templates.

table classname [property[,property]*]

Lists all instances of the given class. If the properties are not specified, all properties are displayed. By default, the column widths are the width of the largest value.

The pragma show_retired can be used to print only retired items or to print retired and active items. The default is to print only active items.

updateconfig <filename>

This is used when updating software. It merges the config.ini from the tracker with new settings from the new software. The merged/updated config file is written to <filename>.

Commands may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation matches only one command, e.g. l == li == lis == list.

READLINE SUPPORT

You can edit the command line and interact with history in roundup-admin’s interactive mode. On Linux like systems, GNU Readline is required. On Mac’s libedit can be used as well. On Windows pyreadline3 is required. See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/readline.html for details on readline.

Roundup-admin will save the history between roundup-admin sessions. The commands are saved to the .roundup_admin_history file in the user’s home directory. You can set the pragma history_length on the roundup-admin command line to change the amount of available and stored history for the session.

If you are using GNU readline, you can persistently change the history size by adding: set history-size 100 to the init file .roundup_admin_rlrc located in the user’s home directory.

Mac users using libedit should be able to persistently save history and set the history size by adding history size 100.

Users of pyreadline3 can use: history_length(100).

SECURITY NOTES

The -u user setting does not currently operate like a user logging in via the web. The user running roundup-admin must have read access to the tracker home directory. As a result the user has access to the files and the database info contained in config.ini.

Using -u user sets the actor/user parameter in the journal. Changes that are made are attributed to that user. The password is ignored if provided. Any existing username has full access to the data just like the admin user. This is an area for further development so that roundup-admin could be used with sudo to provide secure command line access to a tracker.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

ROUNDUP_LOGIN

Provides an alternate way to set the user.

FURTHER HELP

roundup-admin -h
roundup-admin help -- this help
roundup-admin help <command> -- command-specific help
roundup-admin help all -- all available help

SEE ALSO

roundup-demo(1), roundup-mailgw(1), roundup-server(1)

AUTHOR

This manpage was written by Bastian Kleineidam <calvin@debian.org> for the Debian distribution of roundup.

The main author of roundup is Richard Jones <richard@users.sourceforge.net>.

code-951db0950174/doc/html_extra/man_pages/roundup-demo.1.html0000644000000000000000000001436015136273453022040 0ustar 00000000000000 ROUNDUP-DEMO

ROUNDUP-DEMO

NAME
SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

NAME

roundup-demo - create a roundup "demo" tracker and launch its web interface

SYNOPSIS

roundup_demo [-h] [-b BIND_ADDRESS] [-b {anydbm,mysql,sqlite,postgresql}] [-t {minimal,jinja2,classic,responsive,devel}] [-p PORT] [-P URLPORT] [-V] [directory] [backend] [nuke]

OPTIONS

directory

The home directory for the new demo tracker. (*)

backend

Choose backend database. Depricated, use -b.

nuke

Create a fresh demo tracker (deleting the existing one if any). E.G.

roundup-demo -b sqlite -t classic ./mytracker nuke
will remove an existing tracker (if present) from the directory ./mytracker. Then it will create and serve a new empty classic tracker using the sqlite backend.

-h, --help

Show the help message and exit

-B BIND_ADDRESS, --bind_address BIND_ADDRESS

Choose address for server to listen at. Use 0.0.0.0 to bind to all addreses. Default: 127.0.0.1.

-b {anydbm,mysql,sqlite,postgresql}, --backend_db
{anydbm,mysql,sqlite,postgresql}

Choose backend database. Default: sqlite. Available backends are subject to availability on your system.

-t {minimal,jinja2,classic,responsive,devel}, --template
{minimal,jinja2,classic,responsive,devel}

Use specified template when building tracker. (*)

-h HOSTNAME, --hostname HOSTNAME

Set the hostname used in the URL. This does not make the server listen at the hostname. Use the hostname with -B to listen on that IP address.

-p PORT, --port PORT

Listen at this port. Default: search for open port starting at 8917.

-P URLPORT, --urlport URLPORT

When using docker this option passes the docker external port to the demo instance. If using docker ... -p 9090:8917 ... this should be set to -P 9090. Default: as selected by --port.

-V, --version

Show program’s version number and exit

If items marked with (*) are missing, they will be asked for interactively when setting up the tracker.

DESCRIPTION

This command creates a fresh demo tracker for you to experiment with. The email features of Roundup will be turned off (so the nosy feature won’t send email). It does this by removing the nosyreaction.py module from the demo tracker’s detectors directory. If you wish to send email to promote the tracker to production, you will need to copy nosyreaction.py from the default tracker templates directory. The templates command from roundup-admin(1) can help you locate a replacement.

If you wish, you may modify the demo tracker by editing its configuration files and HTML templates. See the customisation manual for information about how to do that.

Once you’ve fiddled with the demo tracker, you may use it as a template for creating your real, live tracker. Simply run the roundup-admin command to install the tracker from inside the demo tracker home directory, and it will be listed as an available template for installation. No data will be copied over.

SEE ALSO

roundup-admin(1), roundup-mailgw(1), roundup-server(1)

AUTHOR

This manpage was written by Richard Jones and extensively modified by John Rouillard <rouilj@users.sourceforge.net>.

code-951db0950174/doc/html_extra/man_pages/roundup-mailgw.1.html0000644000000000000000000002512715136273453022377 0ustar 00000000000000 ROUNDUP-MAILGW

ROUNDUP-MAILGW

NAME
SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS
DESCRIPTION
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
EXAMPLE
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

NAME

roundup-mailgw - mail gateway for roundup

SYNOPSIS

roundup-mailgw [-h|--help] [-v] [--version] [-c|--default-class default_class] [-S|--set-value [class.]field=value] [-O|--oauth-directory directory] [-T|--oauth-token-endpoint endpoint-url] [instance_home] [mail source [specification]]

OPTIONS

-v --version

Print version and exit.

-c --default-class hyperdb class

specify the default tracker class - one of issue (the default), msg, file, user etc. Overrides the tracker’s mailgw default_class setting.

-S --set-value [class.]property=value[;property=value]

specify the values to set on the class specified as prefix using the same format as the Subject line property manipulations. If the class prefix is left out it defaults to msg. Can also be specified with --set-value (and abbreviated to --set).

-O --oauth-directory directory

Only with OAuth authentication specify the directory containing additional OAuth credentials.

-T --oauth-token-endpoint url

Token endpoint URL of your cloud provider, only used with OAuth.

DESCRIPTION

The roundup mail gateway may be called in one of four ways:

•

without arguments which will use the env var ROUNDUP_INSTANCE,

•

with an instance_home as the only argument,

•

with both an instance_home and a mail spool file, or

•

with both an instance home and a mail source type and its specification.

PIPE
If there is no mail source specified, the mail gateway reads a single message from the standard input and submits the message to the roundup.mailgw module.

UNIX mailbox
In this case, the gateway reads all messages from the UNIX mail spool file and submits each in turn to the roundup.mailgw module. The file is emptied once all messages have been successfully handled. The file is specified as:
mailbox /path/to/mailbox

In all of the following mail source types, the username and password can be stored in a ~/.netrc file. If done so, only the server name needs to be specified on the command-line.

The username and/or password will be prompted for if not supplied on the command-line or in ~/.netrc.

POP
For the mail source "pop", the gateway reads all messages from the POP server specified and submits each in turn to the roundup.mailgw module. The server is specified as:
pop username:password@server
The username and password may be omitted:
pop username@server
pop server
are both valid.

POPS
Connect to the POP server over ssl/tls. This supports the same notation as POP.

APOP
Same as POP, but using Authenticated POP:
apop username:password@server

IMAP
Connect to an IMAP server. This supports the same notation as that of POP mail.
imap username:password@server
It also allows you to specify a specific mailbox other than INBOX using this format:
imap username:password@server mailbox

IMAPS
Connect to an IMAP server over ssl/tls. This supports the same notation as IMAP.
imaps username:password@server [mailbox]

IMAPS_CRAM
Connect to an IMAP server over ssl/tls using CRAM-MD5 authentication. This supports the same notation as IMAP.
imaps_cram username:password@server [mailbox]

IMAPS_OAUTH
Connect to an IMAP server over ssl/tls using OAUTH authentication. Note that this does not support a password in imaps URLs. Instead it uses only the user and server and a command-line option for the directory with the files access_token, refresh_token, client_secret, and client_id. By default this directory is oauth in your tracker home directory. The access token is tried first and, if expired, the refresh token together with the client secret is used to retrieve a new access token. Note that both token files need to be writeable, the access token is continuously replaced and some cloud providers may also renew the refresh token from time to time:
imaps_oauth username@server [mailbox]
The refresh and access tokens (the latter can be left empty), the client id and the client secret need to be retrieved via cloud provider specific protocols or websites.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

ROUNDUP_INSTANCE
This can be used to set the instance directory. If it is set, the instance_home argument is optional.

EXAMPLE

If your msg class has a messsagetype property you can set up aliases to receive the different types of messages. Setting up an alias in your MTA Using:

tracker: |/tools/roundup/bin/roundup-mailgw
-S "msg.messagetype=reply - to all" /var/roundup/sysadmin

(the lines are split for readability. In the alias file they will be on the same line). Replace /tools/roundup/bin/roundup-mailgw by your path to the roundup-mailgw. This creates the email alias "tracker". All messages sent to it have their messagetype property set to "reply - to all". The roundup tracker instance is located at /var/roundup/sysadmin.

A comment alias would receive emails at tracker_comment with:

tracker_comment: |/tools/roundup/bin/roundup-mailgw
-S "msg.messagetype=to tech" /var/roundup/sysadmin

which would be a technical message. These messages can trigger different workflows based on the messagetype.

Both examples use the default class specified in the tracker’s config.ini (usually the issue class).

You can also set properties directly on the issue class. If your tracker’s issue has a "private" property that limits who can view an issue and its messages:

security: |/tools/roundup/bin/roundup-mailgw
-S "issue.private=true" -S "issue.keyword+=security"
/var/roundup/sysadmin

would set the private property on a issue to restrict visiblity and mark the issue as a security topic using a keyword.

Both examples use the default class specified in the tracker’s config.ini (usually the issue class).

SEE ALSO

roundup-admin(1), roundup-demo(1), roundup-server(1)

AUTHOR

This manpage was written by Bastian Kleineidam <calvin@debian.org> for the Debian distribution of roundup.

The main author of roundup is Richard Jones <richard@users.sourceforge.net>.

Updates by John Rouillard <rouilj@users.sourceforge.net> and Ralf Schlatterbeck <rsc@runtux.com>.

code-951db0950174/doc/html_extra/man_pages/roundup-server.1.html0000644000000000000000000002412515136273453022422 0ustar 00000000000000 ROUNDUP-SERVER

ROUNDUP-SERVER

NAME
SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS
EXAMPLES
CONFIGURATION FILE
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

NAME

roundup-server - start roundup web server

SYNOPSIS

roundup-server [options] [name=tracker home]*

OPTIONS

-C file or --config file

Use options read from the configuration file (see below).

-n hostname

Sets the host name or IP address to listen on. Default is localhost (127.0.0.1). Use 0.0.0.0 to listen on all interfaces on the system.

-p port

Sets the port to listen on (default: 8080).

-d PIDfile

Run the server in the background and write the server’s PID to the file indicated by PIDfile. The -l (or -L) option must be specified if -d is used.

-D

Run the server in the foreground even if -d is used.

-t fork|thread|debug|none

Control multi-process mode. debug and none are always available. If an invalid mode is specified the server starts in none (also called single) mode. Default fork.

-m max_children

Set the maximum number of child processes (servers). This value may need to be increased on a heavily loaded site. Default 40.

-l file

Sets a filename to log to (instead of stdout). This is required if the -d option is used.

-P

If a reverse proxy is used in front of the roundup-server, the server will log the ip address of the proxy, not the client browser. Using -P logs the left most entry in the X-Forwarded-For http header as the IP address of the client. This address will be logged or resolved to a hostname (with -N) and a ’+’ character will be appended. -P should only be used when the roundup server is accessible only from trusted proxy hosts. See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For for details and warnings about using the X-Forwarded-For header.

-L

Have the server log using the Python logger with key roundup.http.

-i file

Sets a filename to use as a template for generating the tracker index page. The variable "trackers" is available to the template and is a dict of all configured trackers. If you connect to the root of the server (without a tracker name), the default index page is shown. Using -i allows you to customize the index page.

-I header1[,header2,...]

Pass the header(s) and their values to the backend. This allow-list of header variables can be used by custom code in the tracker or with a tracker’s http_auth_header configuration option to allows a front end server to authenticate a user and pass the user identity to roundup.

-s

Enables use of SSL. In most cases, you will want to run a real web server (Apache, Nginx) as a proxy to roundup-server running without SSL. The real web server can filter/rate limit/firewall requests to roundup-server.

-e file

Sets a filename containing the PEM file to use for SSL. The PEM file must include both the private key and certificate with appropriate header/trailer markers:

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

and

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

If no file is specified, a temporary self-signed certificate will be used.

-N

Log client machine names instead of IP addresses (much slower).

-V HTTPVER

By default roundup-server uses HTTP/1.1 to enable keepalives for faster response. HTTPVER can be set to HTTP/1.0 to disable keepalives.

-u UID

Runs the Roundup web server as this UID.

-g GID

Runs the Roundup web server as this GID.

-v or --version

Print version and exit.

-h or --help

Print help and exit.

--save-config

Create configuration file and exit. The old config.ini will be saved to config.bak. Note that this command doesn’t attempt to load or verify an existing config.ini. Running this in a tracker home directory will move the existing config.ini to config.bak and replace it with the roundup-server’s config.ini. This will make the tracker in the directory fail to start until the original config.ini is restored.

name=tracker home

Sets the tracker home(s) to use. The name variable is how the tracker is identified in the URL (it’s the first part of the URL path). The tracker home variable is the directory that was identified when you did "roundup-admin init". You may specify any number of these name=home pairs on the command-line. For convenience, you may edit the TRACKER_HOMES variable in the roundup-server file instead. Make sure the name part doesn’t include any url-unsafe characters like spaces, as these confuse the cookie handling in browsers like IE.

If you connect to the root directory (I.E. you do not include the name component in the URL, the server will display an index page of trackers served by roundup-server if more than one tracker is defined. If only one tracker is defined it will redirect to the tracker.

EXAMPLES

roundup-server -p 9000 bugs=/var/tracker reqs=/home/roundup/group1

Start the server on port 9000 serving two trackers; one under /bugs and one under /reqs.

If you connect to the server at the root level (http://host:9000/) it will display a list of the available trackers.

CONFIGURATION FILE

See the "admin_guide" in the Roundup "doc" directory.

SEE ALSO

roundup-admin(1), roundup-demo(1), roundup-mailgw(1)

AUTHOR

This manpage was written by Bastian Kleineidam <calvin@debian.org> for the Debian distribution of roundup.

The main author of roundup is Richard Jones <richard@users.sourceforge.net>.

code-951db0950174/doc/html_extra/original_overview.html0000644000000000000000000011540215136273453021062 0ustar 00000000000000 Roundup: an Issue-Tracking System for Knowledge Workers
[Software Carpentry logo]
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[CodeSourcery Logo]
Copyright (c) 2000 Ka-Ping Yee. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Software Carpentry Open Publication License, which is available at:
http://www.software-carpentry.com/openpub-license.html

Roundup

An Issue-Tracking System for Knowledge Workers

Ka-Ping Yee

lfw discorporated
ping@lfw.org

Contents

Overview

We propose an issue-tracking system called Roundup, which will manage a number of issues (with properties such as "description", "priority", and so on) and provide the ability to (a) submit new issues, (b) find and edit existing issues, and (c) discuss issues with other participants. The system will facilitate communication among the participants by managing discussions and notifying interested parties when issues are edited.

This design draws on experience from an existing implementation which we will refer to as "the Roundup prototype". The graphical interface we have in mind will resemble the main display of the prototype.

Web page with a green banner at the top titled Index of Bugs. Checkboxes to filter issue selection and a table of displayed issues, grouped by severity.

Background

A typical software project requires the management of many tasks, usually distributed among several collaborators. In fact, any project team could use a tool for sorting out and discussing all the relevant issues. A common approach is to set up some kind of "to-do" list that people can share.

However, to address the overall problem we need much more than just a shared to-do list; we need to manage a growing body of knowledge and experience to help a team collaborate effectively on a project. The issue-tracking tool becomes a nexus for communication: the Grand Central Station of the group intelligence.

The primary focus of this design is to help developers work together well, not to provide a customer service interface to the developers. This is not to say that the design is to be made unsuitable for customers to use. Rather, it is assumed that many of the same qualities that are good for supporting development (see below) are also good for non-developers using the system. Additional niceties for providing a safe or simplified interface to clients are intentionally deferred for later consideration.

A good issue-tracking system should have at least the following properties:

With a nod to the time-honoured computer science tradition of "filling in the fourth quadrant", we note that there are really four kinds of information flow going on here. The three mentioned qualities really address the first three quadrants of this 2-by-2 matrix, respectively:

  1. User push: a user submits information to the system.
  2. User pull: a user queries for information from the system.
  3. System push: the system sends information out to users.
  4. System pull: the system solicits information from users.
An example of the fourth kind of flow is voting. Voting isn't described in this design, but it should be noted as a potential enhancement.

  1. Low barrier to participation. The usefulness of the tool depends entirely on the information people contribute to it. It must be made as easy as possible to submit new issues and contribute information about existing issues.

  2. Straightforward navigation. It should be easy for users to extract information they need from the system to direct their decisions and tasks. They should be able to get a decent overview of things as well as finding specific information when they know what they're after.

  3. Controlled information flow. The users must have control over how much information and what information they get. A common flaw of some issue-tracking systems is that they inundate users with so much useless e-mail that people avoid the system altogether.


Guiding Principles

Simplicity. It is a strong requirement that the tool be accessible and understandable. It should be fairly obvious what different parts of the interface do, and the inner mechanisms should operate in ways that most users can easily predict.

Efficiency. We aim to optimize for minimum effort to do the most common operations, and best use of resources like screen real estate to maximize the amount of information that we summarize and present.

Generality. We try to avoid making unnecessary assumptions that would restrict the applicability of the tool. For example, there is no reason why one might not also want to use this tool to manage a design process, non-software projects, or organizational decisions.

Persistence. We prefer hiding or reclassifying information to deleting it. This helps support the collection of statistics later. If records are never destroyed, there is little danger in providing access to a larger community, and logging yields accountability, which may encourage better behaviour.

Okay, enough ranting. Let's get down to business.

Data Model

Roundup stores a number of items, each of which can have several properties and an associated discussion. The properties can be used to classify or search for items. The discussion is a sequence of e-mail messages. Each item is identified by a unique number, and has an activity log which records the time and content of edits made on its properties. The log stays fairly small since the design intentionally provides only small data types as item properties, and encourages anything large to be attached to e-mail where it becomes part of the discussion. The next section explains how items are organized.

The Hyperdatabase

In my opinion, forcing items into fixed categories is one of the most serious problems with the Roundup prototype. The hyperdatabase is an experimental attempt to address the problem of information organization, whose scope goes beyond just Roundup.
Often when classifying information we are asked to select exactly one of a number of categories or to fit it into a rigid hierarchy. Yet things only sometimes fall into one category; often, a piece of information may be related to several concepts. For example, forcing each item into a single topic category is not just suboptimal but counterproductive: seekers of that item may expect to find it in a different category and conclude that the item is not present in the database -- which has them worse off than if the items were not categorized at all.

Some systems try to alleviate this problem by allowing nodes to appear at multiple locations in a tree, as with "aliases" or "symbolic links" in a filesystem, for example. This does help somewhat, but we want to be even more flexible by allowing the organization of nodes into sets that may freely intersect. Rather than putting each node at exactly one place in an overall "grand scheme", a node can belong to as many sets as are appropriate. If we choose to represent the sets themselves as nodes and set membership as a link between nodes, we're now ready to present the definition of a hyperdatabase.

Perhaps it's too pretentious a name? You could say this is just like an object database. The hyperdatabase is hardly much of an invention; the intent is merely to emphasize querying on links rather than properties. (I haven't heard of this being done with object databases before, but plead ignorance if there's already a good name for this idea.)
A hyperdatabase is a collection of nodes that may be hyperlinked to each other (hence the name "hyperdatabase"). Each node carries a collection of key-value pairs, where some of the values may be links to other nodes. Any node may have an arbitrary number of outgoing and incoming links. Hyperdatabases are able to efficiently answer queries such as "what nodes link to this node?" and "what nodes does this node link to?"

Rationale

There are several reasons for building our own kind of database for Roundup rather than using an existing one. Requiring the installation of a full-blown third-party SQL database system would probably deter many potential users from attempting to set up Roundup; yet a real relational database would be too complicated to implement on our own. On the other hand, a hyperdatabase can be implemented fairly easily using one of the Python DBM modules, so we can take the "batteries-included" approach and provide it as part of the system. It's easier to build and understand than a true relational database (in accordance with our guiding principle of simplicity), but provides most of the query functionality we want.

A hyperdatabase is well suited for finding the intersection of a number of sets in which items belong. We expect that most of the queries people want to do will be of this form, rather than complicated SQL queries. For example, a typical request might be "show me all critical items related to security". The ability to store arbitrary key-value pairs and links on nodes gives it more flexibility than an RDBMS. Users are not going to be making thousands of queries per second, so it makes sense to optimize for simplicity and flexibility rather than performance.

Roundup's Hyperdatabase

For our application, we store each item as a node in a hyperdatabase. The item's properties are stored as key-value pairs on its node. Four types of properties are allowed: string, date, choice, and reference.

The string type is for short, free-form strings. String properties are not intended to contain large amounts of text, and it is recommended that they be presented as one-line fields to encourage brevity.

The date type is for calendar dates and times.

The choice type denotes a single selection from a number of options. A choice property entails a link from the node possessing the property to the node representing the chosen option.

The reference type is for a list of links to any number of other nodes in the in the database. A reference property, for example, can be used to refer to related items or topic categories relevant to an item.

For Roundup, all items have five properties that are not customizable:

  • a string property named description
  • a reference property named superseder
  • a reference property named nosy
  • a date property named creation
  • a date property named activity

The description property is a short one-line description of the item. The detailed description can go in the first e-mail message of the item's discussion spool.

The superseder property is used to support the splitting, joining, or replacing of items. When several items need to be joined into a single item, all the old items link to the new item in their superseder property. When an item needs to be split apart, the item references all the new items in its superseder propety. We can easily list all active items just by checking for an empty superseder property, and trace the path of an item's origins by querying the hyperdatabase for links.

The nosy property contains a list of the people who are interested in an item. This mechanism is explained in the section on Nosy Lists.

The creation property records the item's creation time. The activity property records the last time that the item was edited or a mail message was added to its discussion spool. These two properties are managed by Roundup and are not available to be edited like other properties.

Users of the system are also represented by nodes in the hyperdatabase, containing properties like the user's e-mail address, login name, and password.

The Default Schema

Roundup could be distributed with a few suggested schemas for different purposes. One possible enhancement to the software-development schema is a reference property named implements for connecting development items to design requirements which they satisfy, which should be enough to provide basic support for traceability. Clearly there is also potential for adding properties for related source files, check-ins, test results, regression tests for resolved items, and so on, though these have not yet been sufficiently well thought out to specify here.

It is hoped that the hyperdatabase together with the specializations mentioned above for Roundup will be applicable in a variety of situations (in accordance with our guiding principle of generality).

To address the problem at hand, we need a specific schema for items applied particularly to software development. Again, we are trying to keep the schema simple: too many options make it tougher for someone to make a good choice. The schema is written here in the same form that it would appear in a configuration file. 

    fixer = Reference()             # people who will fix the problem

    topic = Reference()             # relevant topic keywords

    priority = Choice("critical",   # panic: work is stopped!
                      "urgent",     # important, but not deadly
                      "bug",        # lost work or incorrect results
                      "feature",    # want missing functionality
                      "wish")       # avoidable bugs, missing conveniences

    status = Choice("unread",       # submitted but no action yet
                    "deferred",     # intentionally set aside
                    "chatting",     # under review or seeking clarification
                    "need-eg",      # need a reproducible example of a bug
                    "in-progress",  # understood; development in progress
                    "testing",      # we think it's done; others, please test
                    "done-cbb",     # okay for now, but could be better
                    "resolved")     # fix has been released

The fixer property assigns responsibility for an item to a person or a list of people. The topic property places the item in an arbitrary number of relevant topic sets (see the section on Browsing and Searching).

As previously mentioned, each item gets an activity log. Whenever a property on an item is changed, the log records the time of the change, the user making the change, and the old and new values of the property. This permits the later gathering of statistics (for example, the average time from submission to resolution).

We do not specify or enforce a state transition graph, since making the system rigid in that fashion is probably more trouble than it's worth. Experience has shown that there are probably two convenient automatic state transitions:

  • from unread to chatting when e-mail is written about an item
  • from testing to resolved when a new release of the software is made
Beyond these, in accordance with our principle of generality, we allow access to the hyperdatabase API so that scripts can automate transitions themselves or be triggered by changes in the database.

User Interface

Roundup provides its services through two main interfaces: e-mail and the Web. This division is chosen to optimize the most common tasks.

E-mail is best suited for the submission of new items since most people are most comfortable with composing long messages in their own favourite e-mail client. E-mail also permits them to mention URLs or attach files relevant to their submission. Indeed, in many cases people are already used to making requests by sending e-mail to a mailing list of people; they can do exactly the same thing to use Roundup without even thinking about it. Similarly, people are already familiar with holding discussions in e-mail, and plenty of valuable usage conventions and software tools already exist for that medium.

The Web, on the other hand, is best suited for summarizing and seeking information, because it can present an interactive overview of items. Since the Web has forms, it's also the best place to edit items.

Submission and Discussion

Nosy lists have actually been tried in practice, and their emergent properties have turned out to be very effective. They are one of the key strengths of the Roundup prototype, and often cause me to wonder if all mailing lists ought to work this way. Roundup could even replace Hypermail.

The system needs an address for receiving mail and an address that forwards mail to all participants. Each item has its own list of interested parties, known as its nosy list. Here's how nosy lists work:

  1. New items are always submitted by sending an e-mail message to Roundup. The "Subject:" field becomes the description of the new item. The message is saved in the mail spool of the new item, and copied to the list of all participants so everyone knows that a new item has been added. The new item's nosy list initially contains the submitter.
  2. All e-mail messages sent by Roundup have their "Reply-To:" field set to Roundup's address, and have the item's number in the "Subject:" field. Thus, any replies to the initial announcement and subsequent threads are all received by Roundup. Roundup notes the item number in the "Subject:" field of each incoming message and appends the message to the appropriate spool.
  3. Any incoming e-mail tagged with an item number is copied to all the people on the item's nosy list, and any users found in the "From:", "To:", or "Cc:" fields are automatically added to the nosy list. Whenever a user edits an item's properties in the Web interface, they are also added to the nosy list.

The effect is like each item having its own little mailing list, except that no one ever has to worry about subscribing to anything. Indicating interest in an issue is sufficient, and if you want to bring someone new into the conversation, all you need to do is Cc: a message to them. It turns out that no one ever has to worry about unsubscribing, either: the nosy lists are so specific in scope that the conversation tends to die down by itself when the issue is resolved or people no longer find it sufficiently important.

Each nosy list is like an asynchronous chat room, lasting only a short time (typically five or ten messages) and involving a small group of people. However, that group is the right group of people: only those who express interest in an item in some way ever end up on the list, so no one gets spammed with mail they don't care about, and no one who wants to see mail about a particular item needs to be left out, for they can easily join in, and just as easily look at the mail spool on an item to catch up on any messages they might have missed.

We can take this a step further and permit users to monitor particular topics or classifications of items by allowing other kinds of nodes to also have their own nosy lists. For example, a manager could be on the nosy list of the priority value node for "critical", or a developer could be on the nosy list of the topic value node for "security". The recipients are then determined by the union of the nosy lists on the item and all the nodes it links to.

Using many small, specific mailing lists results in much more effective communication than one big list. Taking away the effort of subscribing and unsubscribing gives these lists the "feel" of being cheap and disposable. The transparent capture of the mail spool attached to each issue also yields a nice knowledge repository over time.

Editing

Since Roundup is intended to support arbitrary user-defined schema for item properties, the editing interface must be automatically generated from the schema. The configuration for Roundup will include a template describing how to lay out the properties to present a UI for inspecting and editing items. For example: 

    <table width="100%">
    <tr><td align=right>Description:</td>
        <td><?property description size=70></td></tr>
    <tr><td align=right>Status:</td>
        <td><?property status></td></tr>
    </table>

To display the editing form for an item, Roundup substitutes an HTML form widget for each <?property ...> tag, and transfers attributes (such as size=70 in the above example) from the processing tag to the form widget's tag. Each type has its own appropriate editing widget:

  • string properties appear as text fields
  • date properties appear as text fields
  • choice properties appear as selection lists
  • reference properties appear as multiple-selection lists with a text field for adding a new option

We foresee the use of custom date fields for things like deadlines, so input fields for date properties should support some simple way of specifying relative dates (such as "three weeks from now").

The superseder property is a special case: although it is more efficient to store a superseder property in the superseded item, it makes more sense to provide a "supersedes" edit field on the superseding item. So we need a special widget on items for this purpose (perhaps something as simple as a text field containing a comma-separated list of item numbers will do). Links in the superseder property should appear on both the superseding and superseded items to facilitate navigating an item's pedigree.

After the editing widgets, the item inspection page shows a "note" text box and then a display of the messages in the discussion spool, like the Roundup prototype. This field lets you enter a note explaining your change when you edit the item, and the note is included in the notification message that goes out to tell the interested parties on the nosy list of your edits.

Browsing and Searching

The ideal we would like to achieve is to make searching as much like browsing as possible: the user simply clicks about on things that seem interesting, and the information narrows down comfortably until the goal is in sight. This is preferable to trying to digest a screen filled with widgets and buttons or entering a search expression in some arcane algebraic syntax.

Though the generation of each page amounts to a database query, so that the underlying mechanism is still a series of queries and responses, the user interface never separates the query from the response, so the experience is one of stepwise refinement.
While a one-shot search may be appropriate when you're looking for a single item and you know exactly what you want, it's not very helpful when you want an overview of things ("Gee, there are a lot more high-priority items than there were last week!") or trying to do comparisons ("I have some time today, so who is busiest and could most use some help?")

The browsing interface presents filtering functionality for each of the properties in the schema. As with editing, the interface is generated from a template describing how to lay out the properties. Each type of property has its own appropriate filtering widget:

  • string properties appear as text fields supporting case-insensitive substring match
  • date properties appear as a text field with an option to choose dates after or before the specified date
  • choice properties appear as a group of selectable options (the filter selects the union of the sets of items associated with the active options)
  • reference properties appear as a group of selectable options (the filter selects the intersection of the sets of items associated with the active options)

For a reference property like topic, one possibility is to show, as hyperlinks, the keywords whose sets have non-empty intersections with the currently displayed set of items. Sorting the keywords by popularity seems reasonable. Clicking on a keyword then narrows both the list of items and the list of keywords. This gives some of the feel of walking around a directory tree -- but without the restriction of having to select keywords in a particular hierarchical order, and without the need to travel all the way to the leaves of the tree before any items are visible.

Below the filtering form is a listing of items, with their properties displayed in a table. Rows in the table can also be generated from a template, as with the editing interface. This listing is the central overview of the system, and it should aim to maximize the density of useful information in accordance with our guiding principle of efficiency. For example, Bugzilla initially displays seven or eight items of the index, but only after the user has waded through three bewildering screens of form widgets. Jitterbug can't even fit any items at all in the first screenful, as it's taken up by artwork and adminstrative debris. In contrast, in the Roundup prototype, 25 high-priority issues are immediately visible, with most of the screen space devoted to their descriptions. Colour indicates the status of each item to help the eye sift through the index quickly.

In both Jitterbug and Bugzilla, items are sorted by default by ID, a meaningless field. Sorting by ID puts the issues in order by ascending submission date, which banishes recent issues far away at the bottom of the list. The Roundup prototype sorts items in sections by priority, and then within sections by the date of last activity. This reveals at a glance where discussion is most active, and provides an easy way for anyone to move an issue up in the list.

The page produced by a given set of browsing options constitutes a view. The options should all be part of the query parameters in the URL so that views may be bookmarked. A view specifies:

  • search strings for string properties
  • date ranges for date properties
  • acceptable values for choice properties
  • required values for reference properties
  • one or more sort keys
  • a list of properties for which to display filtering widgets

On each sort key there is the option to use sections -- that is, instead of making the property's value a column of the table, each possible value for the property is displayed at the top of a section and all the items having that value for that property are grouped underneath. This avoids wasting screen space with redundant information.

We propose that our default view should be:

  • all options on for priority and fixer
  • all options on except "resolved" for status
  • no options on for topic
  • primary sort by priority in sections
  • secondary sort by decreasing activity date

The starting URL for Roundup should immediately present the listing of items generated by this default view, with no preceding query screen.

Development Plan

The hyperdatabase is clearly a separable component which can be developed and tested independently to an API specification.

As soon as the API to the hyperdatabase is nailed down, the implementation of the Roundup database layer on top of the hyperdatabase can begin. (This refers to the data types and five fixed properties specific to Roundup.) This layer can also be tested separately.

When the interface to the Roundup hyperdatabase is ready, development can begin on the user interface. The mail handler and the Web interface can be developed in parallel and mostly independently of each other.

The mail handler can be set up for testing fairly easily: mail messages on its standard input can be synthesized; its output is outgoing mail, which can be captured by replacing the implementation of the "send mail" function; and its side effects appear in the hyperdatabase, which has a Python API.

The Web interface is not easily testable in its entirety, though the most important components of it can be unit tested, such as the component that translates a view specification into a list of items for display, and the component that performs replacements on templates to produce an editing or filtering interface.

Open Issues

The description of the hyperdatabase above avoids some issues regarding node typing that need to be better specified. It is conceivable that eventually Roundup could support multiple kinds of items with their own schemas.

To permit integration with external tools, it is probably a good idea to provide a command-line tool that exposes the hyperdatabase API. This tool will be left for a later phase of development and so isn't specified in detail here.

Generating the user interface from a template is like applying an XSL stylesheet to XML, and if there's a standard Python module for performing these transformations, we could use XML instead.

More thinking is needed to determine the best filtering interface for reference properties. The proposed interface works well for topic keywords, but it isn't clear what to do when there are too many keywords to display them all.

There has been a variety of reactions to the hyperdatabase from reviewers: some like it, some are neutral, and some would prefer a "standard" RDBMS solution. For those in the latter camp, note that it's still possible to build the Roundup database layer around an RDBMS if we really need to. The rest of the design, in particular the "nosy list" mechanism, remains intact.

The possibility of malice by registered users has been disregarded. The system is intended to be used by a co-operative group.

This design tries to address as many as possible of the suggested requirements mentioned on the contest page:

  • configuring states: Edit the schema.
  • setting state transition rules: We don't enforce any rules.
  • assigning responsibility: Set the fixer property.
  • splitting and joining: Use the superseder property.
  • hiding information: Add a property and a pre-defined view that filters on it.
  • secure protocols: Naturally HTTPS would be nice, though it's largely a webserver configuration issue; secure e-mail is not addressed.
  • archiving old issues: Tag them with a property.
  • identifying repeated issues: Use the superseder property.
  • connecting state changes to external operations: We provide an API to the database and the notification mechanism so it can be scripted.
  • non-Latin alphabets: Unicode in Python 1.6 will handle this for string properties, and we can leverage existing standards for internationalizing e-mail messages.
  • images and other binaries: Attach them to e-mail messages.
  • inspecting item state: Use the editing interface.
  • translation between system-dependent formats: This is not addressed.
  • performing searches: Use the browsing and filtering interface.
  • collecting statistics: Information is gathered in the activity log, though tools to summarize it are not described here.

Summary

Roundup is an issue-tracking system that also functions as a communications center and a knowledge repository. It combines the strengths of e-mail and the Web to try to provide the best possible user interaction.

  • The submission and discussion of items by e-mail, permitting participants to use an easy and familiar tool, achieves our goal of low barrier to participation.
  • The generic link-based structuring of data and use of incremental filtering rather than one-shot querying makes for straightforward navigation.
  • The use of nosy lists (a powerful replacement for e-mail discussion lists) to manage communication on a fine-grained level provides controlled information flow.

The use of a "hyperdatabase" as the core model for the knowledge repository gives us the flexibility to extend Roundup and apply it to a variety of domains by providing new item schemas and user-interface templates.

Roundup is self-contained and easy to set up, requiring only a webserver and a mailbox. No one needs to be root to configure the webserver or to install database software.

This design is based on an existing deployed prototype which has proven its strengths and revealed its weaknesses in heavy day-to-day use by a real development team.

Acknowledgements

My thanks are due to Christina Heyl, Jesse Vincent, Mark Miller, Christopher Simons, Jeff Dunmall, Wayne Gramlich, and Dean Tribble for reviewing this paper and contributing their suggestions.

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Last modified 2001/04/06 11:50:59.9063 US/Mountain
code-951db0950174/doc/html_extra/roundup_short_paper.html0000644000000000000000000001700615136273453021433 0ustar 00000000000000 Roundup: A Simple and Effective Issue Tracker in Python
 
 
Roundup Short Paper		[LFW]

Roundup: A Simple and Effective Issue Tracker in Python

Ka-Ping Yee (original site: http://www.lfw.org/ping/roundup.html)

Please note that there is a new, active Roundup project led by Richard Jones. Please visit them at SourceForge.

The Roundup prototype is open source. You can download it here (roundup.tar.gz, 32 kb). Or play with the live prototype! When prompted for authentication, you can use one of the test accounts: "test", "spam", or "eggs" (password same as account name). Roundup's e-mail address is roundup---lfw.org. You can't create new accounts, but you can read the mail spools for test, spam, or eggs here to see what they're getting.

A detailed design proposal for a more advanced issue-tracking system based on Roundup has been submitted to Software Carpentry's open source software design competition. This first-round submission was selected as a finalist. A more detailed implementation guide was submitted to the second round of the competition.

You might also want to check out other Python-related stuff on this site.

This short talk will share some experiences from developing and using the issue tracking system used by my development group at ILM. It integrates two modes of access: e-mail for gathering information, and the Web for search and retrieval. We currently work with it daily and it does its job pretty well.

Fine-Grained Mailing Lists

The key strength of Roundup is that it generates a small virtual mailing list for each new issue. In a way, this is like implementing private conversation rooms in e-mail. Although the mechanism is very simple, the emergent properties are quite effective. Here's how it works:

  1. New issues are always submitted by sending an e-mail message. This message is saved in a mail spool attached to the newly-created issue record, and copied to the relatively large user community of the application so everyone knows the issue has been raised.
  2. All e-mail messages sent by Roundup have their "Reply-To" field set to send mail back to Roundup, and have the issue's ID number in the Subject field. So, any replies to the initial announcement and subsequent threads are all received by Roundup and appended to the spool.
  3. Each issue has a "nosy list" of people interested in the issue. Any mail tagged with the issue's ID number is copied to this list of people, and any users found in the From:, To:, or Cc: fields of e-mail about the issue are automatically added to the nosy list. Whenever a user edits an item in the Web interface, they are also added to the list.

The result is that no one ever has to worry about subscribing to anything. Indicating interest in an issue is sufficient, and if you want to bring someone new into the conversation, all you need to do is Cc: a message to them. It turns out that no one ever has to worry about unsubscribing, either: the nosy lists are so specific in scope that the conversation tends to die down by itself when the issue is resolved or people no longer find it sufficiently important. The transparent capture of the mail spool attached to each issue also yields a nice searchable knowledge repository over time.

User Interface Decisions

The web interface to Roundup aims to maximize the density of useful information. Although this principle is important to all information presentation, it is especially vital in a web browser because of the limited window real estate. Hence Roundup avoids repetitive or unnecessary information and tries to fit as many items as possible on the first screen. For example, Bugzilla initially displays seven or eight items of the index; Jitterbug can't even manage to fit any items at all in the first screenful, as it's taken up by artwork and adminstrative debris. In contrast, Roundup shows you about 25 high-priority issues right away. Colour indicates the status of each item to help the eye sift through the index quickly.

In both Jitterbug and Bugzilla, items are sorted by default by ID, a meaningless field. Sorting by ID puts the issues in order by ascending submission date, which banishes recent issues as far away as possible at the bottom of the list. Roundup sorts items in sections by priority so the high-priority items are immediately visible; within sections, items are sorted by date of last activity. This reveals at a glance where discussion is most active, and provides an easy way for anyone to move an issue up in the list without changing its priority.

(The following has been added for this web page and was not part of the short paper in the IPC8 proceedings.)

Screenshots of the Web Interface

Here is the Roundup index, the first thing presented to you when you go to Roundup. Note the use of colour coding and the attempt to dedicate maximum space to the description of each issue.

In comparison, here is the first screen you see when you use Jitterbug. No information is actually visible! You have to scroll down to the second screen before you get to see any bugs, and even then your view is limited to a paltry eight entries. The boldface on the item descriptions helps, but the visual effect of the table is still swamped by the powerful green header line -- which contains zero bits of new information.

As another example, Bugzilla presents somewhat more information than Jitterbug in its index view, but forces you to go through three bewildering screens replete with form widgets (one, two, three) before you even get to see anything. Examination of the index view shows that one-third to one-half of the screen area (depending how you count it) is wasted on trivialities or empty space, and the most important column, the description of each issue, is shoved off of the right side of the page.

copyright © by Ka-Ping Yee updated Sun 2 Jul 2000
code-951db0950174/doc/html_extra/spec.html0000644000000000000000000016332315136273453016267 0ustar 00000000000000 Software Carpentry Track: Roundup
[Software Carpentry logo]
[ACL Logo]
[CodeSourcery Logo]

Roundup

An Issue-Tracking System for Knowledge Workers

Ka-Ping Yee
ping@lfw.org

Implementation Guide

Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The Layer Cake
  3. Hyperdatabase
    1. Dates and Date Arithmetic
    2. Items and Classes
    3. Identifiers and Designators
    4. Property Names and Types
    5. Interface Specification
    6. Application Example
  4. Roundup Database
    1. Reserved Classes
      1. Users
      2. Messages
      3. Files
    2. Item Classes
    3. Interface Specification
    4. Default Schema
  5. Detector Interface
    1. Interface Specification
    2. Detector Example
  6. Command Interface
    1. Interface Specification
    2. Usage Example
  7. E-mail User Interface
    1. Message Processing
    2. Nosy Lists
    3. Setting Properties
    4. Workflow Example
  8. Web User Interface
    1. Views and View Specifiers
    2. Displaying Properties
    3. Index Views
      1. Index View Specifiers
      2. Filter Section
      3. Index Section
      4. Sorting
    4. Item Views
      1. Item View Specifiers
      2. Editor Section
      3. Spool Section
  9. Deployment Scenarios
  10. Acknowledgements

1. Introduction

This document presents a description of the components of the Roundup system and specifies their interfaces and behaviour in sufficient detail to guide an implementation. For the philosophy and rationale behind the Roundup design, see the first-round Software Carpentry submission for Roundup. This document fleshes out that design as well as specifying interfaces so that the components can be developed separately.

2. The Layer Cake

Lots of software design documents come with a picture of a cake. Everybody seems to like them. I also like cakes (i think they are tasty). So i, too, shall include a picture of a cake here.

E-mail Client

Web Browser

Detector Scripts

Shell

E-mail User Interface

Web User Interface

Detector Interface

Command Interface

Roundup Database Layer

Hyperdatabase Layer

Storage Layer

The colourful parts of the cake are part of our system; the faint grey parts of the cake are external components.

I will now proceed to forgo all table manners and eat from the bottom of the cake to the top. You may want to stand back a bit so you don't get covered in crumbs.

3. Hyperdatabase

The lowest-level component to be implemented is the hyperdatabase. The hyperdatabase is intended to be a flexible data store that can hold configurable data in records which we call items.

The hyperdatabase is implemented on top of the storage layer, an external module for storing its data. The storage layer could be a third-party RDBMS; for a "batteries-included" distribution, implementing the hyperdatabase on the standard bsddb module is suggested.

3.1. Dates and Date Arithmetic

Before we get into the hyperdatabase itself, we need a way of handling dates. The hyperdatabase module provides Timestamp objects for representing date-and-time stamps and Interval objects for representing date-and-time intervals.

As strings, date-and-time stamps are specified with the date in international standard format (yyyy-mm-dd) joined to the time (hh:mm:ss) by a period ("."). Dates in this form can be easily compared and are fairly readable when printed. An example of a valid stamp is "2000-06-24.13:03:59". We'll call this the "full date format". When Timestamp objects are printed as strings, they appear in the full date format with the time always given in GMT. The full date format is always exactly 19 characters long.

For user input, some partial forms are also permitted: the whole time or just the seconds may be omitted; and the whole date may be omitted or just the year may be omitted. If the time is given, the time is interpreted in the user's local time zone. The Date constructor takes care of these conversions. In the following examples, suppose that yyyy is the current year, mm is the current month, and dd is the current day of the month; and suppose that the user is on Eastern Standard Time.

  • "2000-04-17" means <Date 2000-04-17.00:00:00>
  • "01-25" means <Date yyyy-01-25.00:00:00>
  • "2000-04-17.03:45" means <Date 2000-04-17.08:45:00>
  • "08-13.22:13" means <Date yyyy-08-14.03:13:00>
  • "11-07.09:32:43" means <Date yyyy-11-07.14:32:43>
  • "14:25" means <Date yyyy-mm-dd.19:25:00>
  • "8:47:11" means <Date yyyy-mm-dd.13:47:11>
  • the special date "." means "right now"

Date intervals are specified using the suffixes "y", "m", and "d". The suffix "w" (for "week") means 7 days. Time intervals are specified in hh:mm:ss format (the seconds may be omitted, but the hours and minutes may not).

  • "3y" means three years
  • "2y 1m" means two years and one month
  • "1m 25d" means one month and 25 days
  • "2w 3d" means two weeks and three days
  • "1d 2:50" means one day, two hours, and 50 minutes
  • "14:00" means 14 hours
  • "0:04:33" means four minutes and 33 seconds

The Date class should understand simple date expressions of the form stamp + interval and stamp - interval. When adding or subtracting intervals involving months or years, the components are handled separately. For example, when evaluating "2000-06-25 + 1m 10d", we first add one month to get 2000-07-25, then add 10 days to get 2000-08-04 (rather than trying to decide whether 1m 10d means 38 or 40 or 41 days).

Here is an outline of the Date and Interval classes. 

class Date:
    def __init__(self, spec, offset):
        """Construct a date given a specification and a time zone offset.

        'spec' is a full date or a partial form, with an optional
        added or subtracted interval.  'offset' is the local time
        zone offset from GMT in hours.
        """

    def __add__(self, interval):
        """Add an interval to this date to produce another date."""

    def __sub__(self, interval):
        """Subtract an interval from this date to produce another date."""

    def __cmp__(self, other):
        """Compare this date to another date."""

    def __str__(self):
        """Return this date as a string in the yyyy-mm-dd.hh:mm:ss format."""

    def local(self, offset):
        """Return this date as yyyy-mm-dd.hh:mm:ss in a local time zone."""

class Interval:
    def __init__(self, spec):
        """Construct an interval given a specification."""

    def __cmp__(self, other):
        """Compare this interval to another interval."""
        
    def __str__(self):
        """Return this interval as a string."""

Here are some examples of how these classes would behave in practice. For the following examples, assume that we are on Eastern Standard Time and the current local time is 19:34:02 on 25 June 2000. 

>>> Date(".")
<Date 2000-06-26.00:34:02>
>>> _.local(-5)
"2000-06-25.19:34:02"
>>> Date(". + 2d")
<Date 2000-06-28.00:34:02>
>>> Date("1997-04-17", -5)
<Date 1997-04-17.00:00:00>
>>> Date("01-25", -5)
<Date 2000-01-25.00:00:00>
>>> Date("08-13.22:13", -5)
<Date 2000-08-14.03:13:00>
>>> Date("14:25", -5)
<Date 2000-06-25.19:25:00>
>>> Interval("  3w  1  d  2:00")
<Interval 22d 2:00>
>>> Date(". + 2d") - Interval("3w")
<Date 2000-06-07.00:34:02>

3.2. Items and Classes

Items contain data in properties. To Python, these properties are presented as the key-value pairs of a dictionary. Each item belongs to a class which defines the names and types of its properties. The database permits the creation and modification of classes as well as items.

3.3. Identifiers and Designators

Each item has a numeric identifier which is unique among items in its class. The items are numbered sequentially within each class in order of creation, starting from 1. The designator for an item is a way to identify an item in the database, and consists of the name of the item's class concatenated with the item's numeric identifier.

For example, if "spam" and "eggs" are classes, the first item created in class "spam" has id 1 and designator "spam1". The first item created in class "eggs" also has id 1 but has the distinct designator "eggs1". Item designators are conventionally enclosed in square brackets when mentioned in plain text. This permits a casual mention of, say, "[patch37]" in an e-mail message to be turned into an active hyperlink.

3.4. Property Names and Types

Property names must begin with a letter.

A property may be one of five basic types:

  • String properties are for storing arbitrary-length strings.
  • Date properties store date-and-time stamps. Their values are Timestamp objects.
  • A Link property refers to a single other item selected from a specified class. The class is part of the property; the value is an integer, the id of the chosen item.
  • A Multilink property refers to possibly many items in a specified class. The value is a list of integers.

None is also a permitted value for any of these property types. An attempt to store None into a String property stores the empty string; an attempt to store None into a Multilink property stores an empty list.

3.5. Interface Specification

The hyperdb module provides property objects to designate the different kinds of properties. These objects are used when specifying what properties belong in classes. 

class String:
    def __init__(self):
        """An object designating a String property."""

class Date:
    def __init__(self):
        """An object designating a Date property."""

class Link:
    def __init__(self, classname):
        """An object designating a Link property that links to
        items in a specified class."""

class Multilink:
    def __init__(self, classname):
        """An object designating a Multilink property that links
        to items in a specified class."""

Here is the interface provided by the hyperdatabase. 

class Database:
    """A database for storing records containing flexible data types."""

    def __init__(self, storagelocator, journaltag):
        """Open a hyperdatabase given a specifier to some storage.

        The meaning of 'storagelocator' depends on the particular
        implementation of the hyperdatabase.  It could be a file name,
        a directory path, a socket descriptor for a connection to a
        database over the network, etc.

        The 'journaltag' is a token that will be attached to the journal
        entries for any edits done on the database.  If 'journaltag' is
        None, the database is opened in read-only mode: the Class.create(),
        Class.set(), and Class.retire() methods are disabled.
        """

    def __getattr__(self, classname):
        """A convenient way of calling self.getclass(classname)."""

    def getclasses(self):
        """Return a list of the names of all existing classes."""

    def getclass(self, classname):
        """Get the Class object representing a particular class.

        If 'classname' is not a valid class name, a KeyError is raised.
        """

class Class:
    """The handle to a particular class of items in a hyperdatabase."""

    def __init__(self, db, classname, **properties):
        """Create a new class with a given name and property specification.

        'classname' must not collide with the name of an existing class,
        or a ValueError is raised.  The keyword arguments in 'properties'
        must map names to property objects, or a TypeError is raised.
        """

    # Editing items:

    def create(self, **propvalues):
        """Create a new item of this class and return its id.

        The keyword arguments in 'propvalues' map property names to values.
        The values of arguments must be acceptable for the types of their
        corresponding properties or a TypeError is raised.  If this class
        has a key property, it must be present and its value must not
        collide with other key strings or a ValueError is raised.  Any other
        properties on this class that are missing from the 'propvalues'
        dictionary are set to None.  If an id in a link or multilink
        property does not refer to a valid item, an IndexError is raised.
        """

    def get(self, itemid, propname):
        """Get the value of a property on an existing item of this class.

        'itemid' must be the id of an existing item of this class or an
        IndexError is raised.  'propname' must be the name of a property
        of this class or a KeyError is raised.
        """

    def set(self, itemid, **propvalues):
        """Modify a property on an existing item of this class.
        
        'itemid' must be the id of an existing item of this class or an
        IndexError is raised.  Each key in 'propvalues' must be the name
        of a property of this class or a KeyError is raised.  All values
        in 'propvalues' must be acceptable types for their corresponding
        properties or a TypeError is raised.  If the value of the key
        property is set, it must not collide with other key strings or a
        ValueError is raised.  If the value of a Link or Multilink
        property contains an invalid item id, a ValueError is raised.
        """

    def retire(self, itemid):
        """Retire an item.
        
        The properties on the item remain available from the get() method,
        and the item's id is never reused.  Retired items are not returned
        by the find(), list(), or lookup() methods, and other items may
        reuse the values of their key properties.
        """

    def history(self, itemid):
        """Retrieve the journal of edits on a particular item.

        'itemid' must be the id of an existing item of this class or an
        IndexError is raised.

        The returned list contains tuples of the form

            (date, tag, action, params)

        'date' is a Timestamp object specifying the time of the change and
        'tag' is the journaltag specified when the database was opened.
        'action' may be:

            'create' or 'set' -- 'params' is a dictionary of property values
            'link' or 'unlink' -- 'params' is (classname, itemid, propname)
            'retire' -- 'params' is None
        """

    # Locating items:

    def setkey(self, propname):
        """Select a String property of this class to be the key property.

        'propname' must be the name of a String property of this class or
        None, or a TypeError is raised.  The values of the key property on
        all existing items must be unique or a ValueError is raised.
        """

    def getkey(self):
        """Return the name of the key property for this class or None."""

    def lookup(self, keyvalue):
        """Locate a particular item by its key property and return its id.

        If this class has no key property, a TypeError is raised.  If the
        'keyvalue' matches one of the values for the key property among
        the items in this class, the matching item's id is returned;
        otherwise a KeyError is raised.
        """

    def find(self, propname, itemid):
        """Get the ids of items in this class which link to a given item.
        
        'propname' must be the name of a property in this class, or a
        KeyError is raised.  That property must be a Link or Multilink
        property, or a TypeError is raised.  'itemid' must be the id of
        an existing item in the class linked to by the given property,
        or an IndexError is raised.
        """

    def list(self):
        """Return a list of the ids of the active items in this class."""

    def count(self):
        """Get the number of items in this class.

        If the returned integer is 'numitems', the ids of all the items
        in this class run from 1 to numitems, and numitems+1 will be the
        id of the next item to be created in this class.
        """

    # Manipulating properties:

    def getprops(self):
        """Return a dictionary mapping property names to property objects."""

    def addprop(self, **properties):
        """Add properties to this class.

        The keyword arguments in 'properties' must map names to property
        objects, or a TypeError is raised.  None of the keys in 'properties'
        may collide with the names of existing properties, or a ValueError
        is raised before any properties have been added.
        """

3.6. Application Example

Here is an example of how the hyperdatabase module would work in practice. 

>>> import hyperdb
>>> db = hyperdb.Database("foo.db", "ping")
>>> db
<hyperdb.Database "foo.db" opened by "ping">
>>> hyperdb.Class(db, "status", name=hyperdb.String())
<hyperdb.Class "status">
>>> _.setkey("name")
>>> db.status.create(name="unread")
1
>>> db.status.create(name="in-progress")
2
>>> db.status.create(name="testing")
3
>>> db.status.create(name="resolved")
4
>>> db.status.count()
4
>>> db.status.list()
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> db.status.lookup("in-progress")
2
>>> db.status.retire(3)
>>> db.status.list()
[1, 2, 4]
>>> hyperdb.Class(db, "issue", title=hyperdb.String(), status=hyperdb.Link("status"))
<hyperdb.Class "issue">
>>> db.issue.create(title="spam", status=1)
1
>>> db.issue.create(title="eggs", status=2)
2
>>> db.issue.create(title="ham", status=4)
3
>>> db.issue.create(title="arguments", status=2)
4
>>> db.issue.create(title="abuse", status=1)
5
>>> hyperdb.Class(db, "user", username=hyperdb.Key(), password=hyperdb.String())
<hyperdb.Class "user">
>>> db.issue.addprop(fixer=hyperdb.Link("user"))
>>> db.issue.getprops()
{"title": <hyperdb.String>, "status": <hyperdb.Link to "status">,
 "user": <hyperdb.Link to "user">}
>>> db.issue.set(5, status=2)
>>> db.issue.get(5, "status")
2
>>> db.status.get(2, "name")
"in-progress"
>>> db.issue.get(5, "title")
"abuse"
>>> db.issue.find("status", db.status.lookup("in-progress"))
[2, 4, 5]
>>> db.issue.history(5)
[(<Date 2000-06-28.19:09:43>, "ping", "create", {"title": "abuse", "status": 1}),
 (<Date 2000-06-28.19:11:04>, "ping", "set", {"status": 2})]
>>> db.status.history(1)
[(<Date 2000-06-28.19:09:43>, "ping", "link", ("issue", 5, "status")),
 (<Date 2000-06-28.19:11:04>, "ping", "unlink", ("issue", 5, "status"))]
>>> db.status.history(2)
[(<Date 2000-06-28.19:11:04>, "ping", "link", ("issue", 5, "status"))]

For the purposes of journalling, when a Multilink property is set to a new list of items, the hyperdatabase compares the old list to the new list. The journal records "unlink" events for all the items that appear in the old list but not the new list, and "link" events for all the items that appear in the new list but not in the old list.

4. Roundup Database

The Roundup database layer is implemented on top of the hyperdatabase and mediates calls to the database. Some of the classes in the Roundup database are considered item classes. The Roundup database layer adds detectors and user items, and on items it provides mail spools, nosy lists, and superseders.

4.1. Reserved Classes

Internal to this layer we reserve three special classes of items that are not items.

4.1.1. Users

Users are stored in the hyperdatabase as items of class "user". The "user" class has the definition: 

hyperdb.Class(db, "user", username=hyperdb.String(),
                          password=hyperdb.String(),
                          address=hyperdb.String())
db.user.setkey("username")

4.1.2. Messages

E-mail messages are represented by hyperdatabase items of class "msg". The actual text content of the messages is stored in separate files. (There's no advantage to be gained by stuffing them into the hyperdatabase, and if messages are stored in ordinary text files, they can be grepped from the command line.) The text of a message is saved in a file named after the message item designator (e.g. "msg23") for the sake of the command interface (see below). Attachments are stored separately and associated with "file" items. The "msg" class has the definition: 

hyperdb.Class(db, "msg", author=hyperdb.Link("user"),
                         recipients=hyperdb.Multilink("user"),
                         date=hyperdb.Date(),
                         summary=hyperdb.String(),
                         files=hyperdb.Multilink("file"))

The "author" property indicates the author of the message (a "user" item must exist in the hyperdatabase for any messages that are stored in the system). The "summary" property contains a summary of the message for display in a message index.

4.1.3. Files

Submitted files are represented by hyperdatabase items of class "file". Like e-mail messages, the file content is stored in files outside the database, named after the file item designator (e.g. "file17"). The "file" class has the definition: 

hyperdb.Class(db, "file", user=hyperdb.Link("user"),
                          name=hyperdb.String(),
                          type=hyperdb.String())

The "user" property indicates the user who submitted the file, the "name" property holds the original name of the file, and the "type" property holds the MIME type of the file as received.

4.2. Item Classes

All items have the following standard properties: 

title=hyperdb.String()
messages=hyperdb.Multilink("msg")
files=hyperdb.Multilink("file")
nosy=hyperdb.Multilink("user")
superseder=hyperdb.Multilink("item")

Also, two Date properties named "creation" and "activity" are fabricated by the Roundup database layer. By "fabricated" we mean that no such properties are actually stored in the hyperdatabase, but when properties on items are requested, the "creation" and "activity" properties are made available. The value of the "creation" property is the date when an item was created, and the value of the "activity" property is the date when any property on the item was last edited (equivalently, these are the dates on the first and last records in the item's journal).

4.3. Interface Specification

The interface to a Roundup database delegates most method calls to the hyperdatabase, except for the following changes and additional methods. 

class Database:
    # Overridden methods:

    def __init__(self, storagelocator, journaltag):
        """When the Roundup database is opened by a particular user,
        the 'journaltag' is the id of the user's "user" item."""

    def getclass(self, classname):
        """This method now returns an instance of either Class or
        ItemClass depending on whether an item class is specified."""

    # New methods:

    def getuid(self):
        """Return the id of the "user" item associated with the user
        that owns this connection to the hyperdatabase."""

class Class:
    # Overridden methods:

    def create(self, **propvalues):
    def set(self, **propvalues):
    def retire(self, itemid):
        """These operations trigger detectors and can be vetoed.  Attempts
        to modify the "creation" or "activity" properties cause a KeyError.
        """

    # New methods:

    def audit(self, event, detector):
    def react(self, event, detector):
        """Register a detector (see below for more details)."""

class ItemClass(Class):
    # Overridden methods:

    def __init__(self, db, classname, **properties):
        """The newly-created class automatically includes the "messages",
        "files", "nosy", and "superseder" properties.  If the 'properties'
        dictionary attempts to specify any of these properties or a
        "creation" or "activity" property, a ValueError is raised."""

    def get(self, itemid, propname):
    def getprops(self):
        """In addition to the actual properties on the item, these
        methods provide the "creation" and "activity" properties."""

    # New methods:

    def addmessage(self, itemid, summary, text):
        """Add a message to an item's mail spool.

        A new "msg" item is constructed using the current date, the
        user that owns the database connection as the author, and
        the specified summary text.  The "files" and "recipients"
        fields are left empty.  The given text is saved as the body
        of the message and the item is appended to the "messages"
        field of the specified item.
        """

    def nosymessage(self, itemid, msgid):
        """Send a message to the members of an item's nosy list.

        The message is sent only to users on the nosy list who are not
        already on the "recipients" list for the message.  These users
        are then added to the message's "recipients" list.
        """

4.4. Default Schema

The default schema included with Roundup turns it into a typical software bug tracker. The database is set up like this: 

pri = Class(db, "priority", name=hyperdb.String(), order=hyperdb.String())
pri.setkey("name")
pri.create(name="critical", order="1")
pri.create(name="urgent", order="2")
pri.create(name="bug", order="3")
pri.create(name="feature", order="4")
pri.create(name="wish", order="5")

stat = Class(db, "status", name=hyperdb.String(), order=hyperdb.String())
stat.setkey("name")
stat.create(name="unread", order="1")
stat.create(name="deferred", order="2")
stat.create(name="chatting", order="3")
stat.create(name="need-eg", order="4")
stat.create(name="in-progress", order="5")
stat.create(name="testing", order="6")
stat.create(name="done-cbb", order="7")
stat.create(name="resolved", order="8")

Class(db, "keyword", name=hyperdb.String())

Class(db, "issue", fixer=hyperdb.Multilink("user"),
                   topic=hyperdb.Multilink("keyword"),
                   priority=hyperdb.Link("priority"),
                   status=hyperdb.Link("status"))

(The "order" property hasn't been explained yet. It gets used by the Web user interface for sorting.)

The above isn't as pretty-looking as the schema specification in the first-stage submission, but it could be made just as easy with the addition of a convenience function like Choice for setting up the "priority" and "status" classes: 

def Choice(name, *options):
    cl = Class(db, name, name=hyperdb.String(), order=hyperdb.String())
    for i in range(len(options)):
        cl.create(name=option[i], order=i)
    return hyperdb.Link(name)

5. Detector Interface

Detectors are Python functions that are triggered on certain kinds of events. The definitions of the functions live in Python modules placed in a directory set aside for this purpose. Importing the Roundup database module also imports all the modules in this directory, and the init() function of each module is called when a database is opened to provide it a chance to register its detectors.

There are two kinds of detectors:

  • an auditor is triggered just before modifying an item
  • a reactor is triggered just after an item has been modified

When the Roundup database is about to perform a create(), set(), or retire() operation, it first calls any auditors that have been registered for that operation on that class. Any auditor may raise a Reject exception to abort the operation.

If none of the auditors raises an exception, the database proceeds to carry out the operation. After it's done, it then calls all of the reactors that have been registered for the operation.

5.1. Interface Specification

The audit() and react() methods register detectors on a given class of items. 

class Class:
    def audit(self, event, detector):
        """Register an auditor on this class.

        'event' should be one of "create", "set", or "retire".
        'detector' should be a function accepting four arguments.
        """

    def react(self, event, detector):
        """Register a reactor on this class.

        'event' should be one of "create", "set", or "retire".
        'detector' should be a function accepting four arguments.
        """

Auditors are called with the arguments: 

audit(db, cl, itemid, newdata)
where db is the database, cl is an instance of Class or ItemClass within the database, and newdata is a dictionary mapping property names to values. For a create() operation, the itemid argument is None and newdata contains all of the initial property values with which the item is about to be created. For a set() operation, newdata contains only the names and values of properties that are about to be changed. For a retire() operation, newdata is None.

Reactors are called with the arguments: 

react(db, cl, itemid, olddata)
where db is the database, cl is an instance of Class or ItemClass within the database, and olddata is a dictionary mapping property names to values. For a create() operation, the itemid argument is the id of the newly-created item and olddata is None. For a set() operation, olddata contains the names and previous values of properties that were changed. For a retire() operation, itemid is the id of the retired item and olddata is None.

5.2. Detector Example

Here is an example of detectors written for a hypothetical project-management application, where users can signal approval of a project by adding themselves to an "approvals" list, and a project proceeds when it has three approvals. 

# Permit users only to add themselves to the "approvals" list.

def check_approvals(db, cl, id, newdata):
    if newdata.has_key("approvals"):
        if cl.get(id, "status") == db.status.lookup("approved"):
            raise Reject, "You can't modify the approvals list " \
                          "for a project that has already been approved."
        old = cl.get(id, "approvals")
        new = newdata["approvals"]
        for uid in old:
            if uid not in new and uid != db.getuid():
                raise Reject, "You can't remove other users from the "
                              "approvals list; you can only remove yourself."
        for uid in new:
            if uid not in old and uid != db.getuid():
                raise Reject, "You can't add other users to the approvals "
                              "list; you can only add yourself."

# When three people have approved a project, change its
# status from "pending" to "approved".

def approve_project(db, cl, id, olddata):
    if olddata.has_key("approvals") and len(cl.get(id, "approvals")) == 3:
        if cl.get(id, "status") == db.status.lookup("pending"):
            cl.set(id, status=db.status.lookup("approved"))

def init(db):
    db.project.audit("set", check_approval)
    db.project.react("set", approve_project)

Here is another example of a detector that can allow or prevent the creation of new items. In this scenario, patches for a software project are submitted by sending in e-mail with an attached file, and we want to ensure that there are text/plain attachments on the message. The maintainer of the package can then apply the patch by setting its status to "applied". 

# Only accept attempts to create new patches that come with patch files.

def check_new_patch(db, cl, id, newdata):
    if not newdata["files"]:
        raise Reject, "You can't submit a new patch without " \
                      "attaching a patch file."
    for fileid in newdata["files"]:
        if db.file.get(fileid, "type") != "text/plain":
            raise Reject, "Submitted patch files must be text/plain."

# When the status is changed from "approved" to "applied", apply the patch.

def apply_patch(db, cl, id, olddata):
    if cl.get(id, "status") == db.status.lookup("applied") and \
        olddata["status"] == db.status.lookup("approved"):
        # ...apply the patch...

def init(db):
    db.patch.audit("create", check_new_patch)
    db.patch.react("set", apply_patch)

6. Command Interface

The command interface is a very simple and minimal interface, intended only for quick searches and checks from the shell prompt. (Anything more interesting can simply be written in Python using the Roundup database module.)

6.1. Interface Specification

A single command, roundup, provides basic access to the hyperdatabase from the command line.

  • roundup get [-list] designator[,designator,...] propname
  • roundup set designator[,designator,...] propname=value ...
  • roundup find [-list] classname propname=value ...

Property values are represented as strings in command arguments and in the printed results:

  • Strings are, well, strings.
  • Date values are printed in the full date format in the local time zone, and accepted in the full format or any of the partial formats explained above.
  • Link values are printed as item designators. When given as an argument, item designators and key strings are both accepted.
  • Multilink values are printed as lists of item designators joined by commas. When given as an argument, item designators and key strings are both accepted; an empty string, a single item, or a list of items joined by commas is accepted.

When multiple items are specified to the roundup get or roundup set commands, the specified properties are retrieved or set on all the listed items.

When multiple results are returned by the roundup get or roundup find commands, they are printed one per line (default) or joined by commas (with the -list) option.

6.2. Usage Example

To find all messages regarding in-progress issues that contain the word "spam", for example, you could execute the following command from the directory where the database dumps its files: 

shell% for issue in `roundup find issue status=in-progress`; do
> grep -l spam `roundup get $issue messages`
> done
msg23
msg49
msg50
msg61
shell%

Or, using the -list option, this can be written as a single command: 

shell% grep -l spam `roundup get \
    \`roundup find -list issue status=in-progress\` messages`
msg23
msg49
msg50
msg61
shell%

7. E-mail User Interface

The Roundup system must be assigned an e-mail address at which to receive mail. Messages should be piped to the Roundup mail-handling script by the mail delivery system (e.g. using an alias beginning with "|" for sendmail).

7.1. Message Processing

Incoming messages are examined for multiple parts. In a multipart/mixed message or part, each subpart is extracted and examined. In a multipart/alternative message or part, we look for a text/plain subpart and ignore the other parts. The text/plain subparts are assembled to form the textual body of the message, to be stored in the file associated with a "msg" class item. Any parts of other types are each stored in separate files and given "file" class items that are linked to the "msg" item.

The "summary" property on message items is taken from the first non-quoting section in the message body. The message body is divided into sections by blank lines. Sections where the second and all subsequent lines begin with a ">" or "|" character are considered "quoting sections". The first line of the first non-quoting section becomes the summary of the message.

All of the addresses in the To: and Cc: headers of the incoming message are looked up among the user items, and the corresponding users are placed in the "recipients" property on the new "msg" item. The address in the From: header similarly determines the "author" property of the new "msg" item. The default handling for addresses that don't have corresponding users is to create new users with no passwords and a username equal to the address. (The web interface does not permit logins for users with no passwords.) If we prefer to reject mail from outside sources, we can simply register an auditor on the "user" class that prevents the creation of user items with no passwords.

The subject line of the incoming message is examined to determine whether the message is an attempt to create a new item or to discuss an existing item. A designator enclosed in square brackets is sought as the first thing on the subject line (after skipping any "Fwd:" or "Re:" prefixes).

If an item designator (class name and id number) is found there, the newly created "msg" item is added to the "messages" property for that item, and any new "file" items are added to the "files" property for the item.

If just an item class name is found there, we attempt to create a new item of that class with its "messages" property initialized to contain the new "msg" item and its "files" property initialized to contain any new "file" items.

Both cases may trigger detectors (in the first case we are calling the set() method to add the message to the item's spool; in the second case we are calling the create() method to create a new item). If an auditor raises an exception, the original message is bounced back to the sender with the explanatory message given in the exception.

7.2. Nosy Lists

A standard detector is provided that watches for additions to the "messages" property. When a new message is added, the detector sends it to all the users on the "nosy" list for the item that are not already on the "recipients" list of the message. Those users are then appended to the "recipients" property on the message, so multiple copies of a message are never sent to the same user. The journal recorded by the hyperdatabase on the "recipients" property then provides a log of when the message was sent to whom.

7.3. Setting Properties

The e-mail interface also provides a simple way to set properties on items. At the end of the subject line, propname=value pairs can be specified in square brackets, using the same conventions as for the roundup set shell command.

8. Web User Interface

The web interface is provided by a CGI script that can be run under any web server. A simple web server can easily be built on the standard CGIHTTPServer module, and should also be included in the distribution for quick out-of-the-box deployment.

The user interface is constructed from a number of template files containing mostly HTML. Among the HTML tags in templates are interspersed some nonstandard tags, which we use as placeholders to be replaced by properties and their values.

8.1. Views and View Specifiers

There are two main kinds of views: index views and item views. An index view displays a list of items of a particular class, optionally sorted and filtered as requested. An item view presents the properties of a particular item for editing and displays the message spool for the item.

A view specifier is a string that specifies all the options needed to construct a particular view. It goes after the URL to the Roundup CGI script or the web server to form the complete URL to a view. When the result of selecting a link or submitting a form takes the user to a new view, the Web browser should be redirected to a canonical location containing a complete view specifier so that the view can be bookmarked.

8.2. Displaying Properties

Properties appear in the user interface in three contexts: in indices, in editors, and as filters. For each type of property, there are several display possibilities. For example, in an index view, a string property may just be printed as a plain string, but in an editor view, that property should be displayed in an editable field.

The display of a property is handled by functions in a displayers module. Each function accepts at least three standard arguments -- the database, class name, and item id -- and returns a chunk of HTML.

Displayer functions are triggered by <display> tags in templates. The call attribute of the tag provides a Python expression for calling the displayer function. The three standard arguments are inserted in front of the arguments given. For example, the occurrence of 

    <display call="plain('status', max=30)">
in a template triggers a call to 
    plain(db, "issue", 13, "status", max=30)
when displaying item 13 in the "issue" class. The displayer functions can accept extra arguments to further specify details about the widgets that should be generated. By defining new displayer functions, the user interface can be highly customized.

Some of the standard displayer functions include:

  • plain: display a String property directly; display a Date property in a specified time zone with an option to omit the time from the date stamp; for a Link or Multilink property, display the key strings of the linked items (or the ids if the linked class has no key property)
  • field: display a property like the plain displayer above, but in a text field to be edited
  • menu: for a Link property, display a menu of the available choices
  • link: for a Link or Multilink property, display the names of the linked items, hyperlinked to the item views on those items
  • count: for a Multilink property, display a count of the number of links in the list
  • reldate: display a Date property in terms of an interval relative to the current date (e.g. "+ 3w", "- 2d").
  • download: show a Link("file") or Multilink("file") property using links that allow you to download files
  • checklist: for a Link or Multilink property, display checkboxes for the available choices to permit filtering

8.3. Index Views

An index view contains two sections: a filter section and an index section. The filter section provides some widgets for selecting which items appear in the index. The index section is a table of items.

8.3.1. Index View Specifiers

An index view specifier looks like this (whitespace has been added for clarity): 

/issue?status=unread,in-progress,resolved&
        topic=security,ui&
        :group=+priority&
        :sort=-activity&
        :filters=status,topic&
        :columns=title,status,fixer

The index view is determined by two parts of the specifier: the layout part and the filter part. The layout part consists of the query parameters that begin with colons, and it determines the way that the properties of selected items are displayed. The filter part consists of all the other query parameters, and it determines the criteria by which items are selected for display.

The filter part is interactively manipulated with the form widgets displayed in the filter section. The layout part is interactively manipulated by clicking on the column headings in the table.

The filter part selects the union of the sets of items with values matching any specified Link properties and the intersection of the sets of items with values matching any specified Multilink properties.

The example specifies an index of "issue" items. Only items with a "status" of either "unread" or "in-progres" or "resolved" are displayed, and only items with "topic" values including both "security" and "ui" are displayed. The items are grouped by priority, arranged in ascending order; and within groups, sorted by activity, arranged in descending order. The filter section shows filters for the "status" and "topic" properties, and the table includes columns for the "title", "status", and "fixer" properties.

Associated with each item class is a default layout specifier. The layout specifier in the above example is the default layout to be provided with the default bug-tracker schema described above in section 4.4.

8.3.2. Filter Section

The template for a filter section provides the filtering widgets at the top of the index view. Fragments enclosed in <property>...</property> tags are included or omitted depending on whether the view specifier requests a filter for a particular property.

Here's a simple example of a filter template. 

<property name=status>
    <display call="checklist('status')">
</property>
<br>
<property name=priority>
    <display call="checklist('priority')">
</property>
<br>
<property name=fixer>
    <display call="menu('fixer')">
</property>

8.3.3. Index Section

The template for an index section describes one row of the index table. Fragments enclosed in <property>...</property> tags are included or omitted depending on whether the view specifier requests a column for a particular property. The table cells should contain <display> tags to display the values of the item's properties.

Here's a simple example of an index template. 

<tr>
    <property name=title>
        <td><display call="plain('title', max=50)"></td>
    </property>
    <property name=status>
        <td><display call="plain('status')"></td>
    </property>
    <property name=fixer>
        <td><display call="plain('fixer')"></td>
    </property>
</tr>

8.3.4. Sorting

String and Date values are sorted in the natural way. Link properties are sorted according to the value of the "order" property on the linked items if it is present; or otherwise on the key string of the linked items; or finally on the item ids. Multilink properties are sorted according to how many links are present.

8.4. Item Views

An item view contains an editor section and a spool section. At the top of an item view, links to superseding and superseded items are always displayed.

8.4.1. Item View Specifiers

An item view specifier is simply the item's designator: 

/patch23

8.4.2. Editor Section

The editor section is generated from a template containing <display> tags to insert the appropriate widgets for editing properties.

Here's an example of a basic editor template. 

<table>
<tr>
    <td colspan=2>
        <display call="field('title', size=60)">
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>
        <display call="field('fixer', size=30)">
    </td>
    <td>
        <display call="menu('status')>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td>
        <display call="field('nosy', size=30)">
    </td>
    <td>
        <display call="menu('priority')>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td colspan=2>
        <display call="note()">
    </td>
</tr>
</table>

As shown in the example, the editor template can also request the display of a "note" field, which is a text area for entering a note to go along with a change.

When a change is submitted, the system automatically generates a message describing the changed properties. The message displays all of the property values on the item and indicates which ones have changed. An example of such a message might be this: 

title: Polly Parrot is dead
priority: critical
status: unread -> in-progress
fixer: (none)
keywords: parrot,plumage,perch,nailed,dead

If a note is given in the "note" field, the note is appended to the description. The message is then added to the item's message spool (thus triggering the standard detector to react by sending out this message to the nosy list).

8.4.3. Spool Section

The spool section lists messages in the item's "messages" property. The index of messages displays the "date", "author", and "summary" properties on the message items, and selecting a message takes you to its content.

9. Deployment Scenarios

The design described above should be general enough to permit the use of Roundup for bug tracking, managing projects, managing patches, or holding discussions. By using items of multiple types, one could deploy a system that maintains requirement specifications, catalogs bugs, and manages submitted patches, where patches could be linked to the bugs and requirements they address.

10. Acknowledgements

My thanks are due to Christy Heyl for reviewing and contributing suggestions to this paper and motivating me to get it done, and to Jesse Vincent, Mark Miller, Christopher Simons, Jeff Dunmall, Wayne Gramlich, and Dean Tribble for their assistance with the first-round submission.

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"T^j3ЛˏND=5sg(p5on p Y:9h^-VDҿ#ZAj '+ath"aE$, ;D]<8@ +"a_] lX K"ŠHXv@VDҿ "Ei/.H+at@ZaE$%+" +" +" +" +" +" +" +" +"<.\7'O%F1*RIENDB`code-951db0950174/doc/implementation.txt0000644000000000000000000000403215136273453016055 0ustar 00000000000000.. meta:: :description: Additional implementation notes for the Roundup Issue Tracker. Supplement for docstrings in the Roundup package. ==================== Implementation notes ==================== [see also the roundup package docstring] There have been some modifications to the spec. I've marked these in the source with 'XXX' comments when I remember to. In short: Class.find() - may match multiple properties, uses keyword args. Class.filter() - isn't in the spec and it's very useful to have at the Class level. CGI interface index view specifier layout part - lose the '+' from the sorting arguments (it's a reserved URL character ;). Just made no prefix mean ascending and '-' prefix descending. ItemClass - renamed to IssueClass to better match it only having one hypderdb class "issue". Allowing > 1 hyperdb class breaks the "superseder" multilink (since it can only link to one thing, and we'd want bugs to link to support and vice-versa). template - the call="link()" is handled by special-case mechanisms in my top-level CGI handler. In a nutshell, the handler looks for a method on itself called 'index%s' or 'item%s' where %s is a class. Most items pass on to the templating mechanism, but the file class _always_ does downloading. It'll probably stay this way too... template - call="link(property)" may be used to link "the current item" (from an index) - the link text is the property specified. template - added functions that I found very useful: List, History and Submit. template - items must specify the message lists, history, etc. Having them by default was sometimes not wanted. template - index view determines its default columns from the template's ``tal:condition="request/show/"`` directives. template - menu() and field() look awfully similar now .... ;) roundup_admin.py - the command-line tool has a lot more commands at its disposal ----------------- Back to `Table of Contents`_ .. _`Table of Contents`: ../docs.html code-951db0950174/doc/index.txt0000644000000000000000000000216015136273453014137 0ustar 00000000000000.. meta:: :description: Table of contents for documentation on the Roundup Issue Tracker. ======================================================= Roundup: an Issue-Tracking System for Knowledge Workers ======================================================= For how to contact the community see https://www.roundup-tracker.org . Contents ======== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 :includehidden: features installation upgrading security FAQ user_guide customising rest xmlrpc reference glossary admin_guide man pages license acknowledgements upgrading-history tracker_templates Design Overview Design (original) Software Carpentry and Papers developers Notes about the MySQL Database backend Notes about the PostgreSQL Database backend Richard Jones implementation notes security-history .. toctree:: :hidden: pydoc See: https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/ReleaseErrata for fixes to documentation. Indices ======= * :ref:`genindex` code-951db0950174/doc/installation.txt0000644000000000000000000026425415136273453015547 0ustar 00000000000000.. meta:: :description: Everything about installing the Roundup issue tracker web and mail interfaces and configuring a tracker. How to download and demonstrate Roundup using using command line or Docker. Optional software that adds functionality to Roundup. .. index:: Installation ================== Installing Roundup ================== .. contents:: :depth: 3 :local: Overview ======== A Roundup installation is made up of several pieces. Roundup scripts These include the Roundup HTTP server, email gateway, administration command-line interface, demo installer etc. These are usually placed in a directory that is on your path. Roundup core code Is installed into your Python's lib directory. We recommend using a virtual environment for your Roundup installation. Roundup trackers Trackers consist of issues (be they bug reports or otherwise). Each tracker is put in its own directory (called a tracker home) and has its own: * configuration files, * HTML (web) files, * database, * logic files (detectors, schema, ...) Roundup trackers are initialised with a "template" which defines the fields usable/assignable on a per-issue basis. Descriptions of the provided templates are given in `choosing your template`_. Usually you start with a template then modify the tracker to implement your desired workflow. One Roundup instalation can support multiple trackers with different look/feel and workflow. For The Really Impatient ======================== If you just want to give Roundup a whirl **Right Now**, follow these directions to run ``demo.py``. Demo mode starts the `classic tracker`_ without installing Roundup on your system. If you have Docker installed, you can run `demo mode using docker`_ instead. This is also a way to spin up a development environment or even deploy a tracker for a handful of users. You can choose different templates and backend databases using demo mode. For example replacing ``demo.py`` (or ``demo`` if you are using docker) with:: demo jinja2 anydbm will start the tracker using the jinja2 template with the dbm database backend (rather then the default sqlite). See `Choosing Your Template`_ for a description of available templates. (In the directions below, replace ``-2.2.0`` with the version number of the file you downloaded. On systems that don't have a ``python3`` program you can run ``python demo.py`` instead.) .. _install the source: 1. ``python3 -m pip download roundup`` * (If you are really impatient, you probably don't want to `verify the downloaded file `_.) 2. ``tar -xzvf roundup-2.2.0.tar.gz`` * if you don't have a tar command, ``python3 -c "import tarfile, sys; tarfile.open(sys.argv[1]).extractall();" roundup-2.2.0.tar.gz`` can be used. 3. ``cd roundup-2.2.0`` 4. ``python3 demo.py`` This will set up a classic demo tracker on your machine without installing Roundup. [1]_ When it's done, it'll print out a URL for your web browser at so you can explore a Roundup tracker. Three users are set up: 1. anonymous - the "default" user with permission to do very little 2. demo (password "demo") - a normal user who may create issues 3. admin (password "admin") - an administrative user who has complete access to the tracker Note the demo tracker removes the detector (nosyreaction.py) that sends email notifications. If you later convert your demo tracker to production you will need to replace the detector to send notification emails. Once you install Roundup, you can use the ``roundup-demo`` command to install new demo trackers. .. [1] Demo tracker is set up to be accessed by localhost browser. If you run demo on a server host, please stop the demo (using Control-C) after it has shown the startup notice, open file ``demo/config.ini`` with your editor, change host name in the ``web`` option in section ``[tracker]``, save the file, then re-run the demo.py program. .. _demo mode using docker: Running in Demo Mode with Docker -------------------------------- You can either: * use a published container from hub.docker.com with ``rounduptracker/roundup:latest`` and start demo mode with:: docker run --rm -p 127.0.0.1:8917:8080 --name roundup_demo -v \ $PWD:/usr/src/app/tracker rounduptracker/roundup:latest demo or * Use steps 1-3 to `install the source`_ then * build a local docker container using:: docker build -t roundup-app -f scripts/Docker/Dockerfile . (see `Docker Support`_ and `Building a Docker Container`_ for more details) and start demo mode with:: docker run --rm -p 127.0.0.1:8917:8080 --name roundup_demo -v \ $PWD:/usr/src/app/tracker roundup-app:latest demo This will create a ``demo`` subdirectory which is your tracker's home. It will also print the URL for exploring your new tracker. .. caution:: Removing ``127.0.0.1:`` will make the tracker accessible from any host with network access to your system. However the URL's created by Roundup will still reference ``localhost`` unless you modify the ``web`` url in the ``tracker`` section of ``config.ini`` and restart the container [1]_. In the docker run command we used port 8917 for Roundup. When starting Roundup, Docker may report a long error ending with: `bind: address already in use.` This means that port 8917 is in use. When running inside a Docker container, demo mode is unable to automatically find a free port. You have to provide an unused port to ``-p``. To fix this, you can change the change the port mapping provided with ``-p``. If you do this you **must** set the docker PORT_8080 environment variable on the command line to match. (If Docker ever fixes https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/3778 we won't need to worry about this.) For example:: docker run --rm -e PORT_8080=9090 -p 127.0.0.1:9090:8080 -v \ --name roundup_demo $PWD:/usr/src/app/tracker \ rounduptracker/roundup:latest demo will run Roundup on port 9090 and Roundup will generate the correct URL. To shut down the tracker and get your shell back, use control-c. You can remove the tracker using ``rm -f`` on the ``demo`` directory. Prerequisites ============= Roundup requires Python 3.7 or newer with a functioning anydbm or sqlite module. The version installed by most vendors should work if it meets the version requirements. If necessary, you can download the latest version from https://www.python.org/. It is highly recommended that users install the latest patch version of Python as these contain many fixes to serious bugs. Some variants of Linux will need an additional '``python-dev``' package installed for Roundup installation to work. Debian and derivatives, are known to require this. Optional Components =================== You may optionally install and use: An RDBMS Sqlite, MySQL and Postgresql are all supported by Roundup and will be used if available. One of these is recommended if you are anticipating a large user base (see `choosing your backend`_ below). Sqlite should always be available. Timezone Definitions Full timezone support requires pytz_ module (version 2005i or later) which brings the `Olson tz database`_ into Python. If pytz_ is not installed, timezones may be specified as numeric hour offsets only. This is optional but strongly suggested. Xapian full-text indexer The Xapian_ full-text indexer is also supported and will be used by default if it is available. This is strongly recommended if you are anticipating a large number of issues (> 5000). You may install Xapian at any time, even after a tracker has been installed and used. You will need to run the "roundup-admin reindex" command if the tracker has existing data. Roundup requires Xapian 1.0.0 or newer. Note that capitalization is not preserved by the Xapian search. This is required to make the porter stemmer work so that searching for ``silent`` also returns documents with the word ``silently``. Note that the current stemming implementation is designed for English. Whoosh full-text indexer The Whoosh_ full-text indexer is also supported and will be used by default if it is available (and Xapian is not installed). This is recommended if you are anticipating a large number of issues (> 5000). It is also the only search backend that implements fuzzy search. It matches any word that has a 1 character difference from the search term. You may install Whoosh at any time, even after a tracker has been installed and used. You will need to run the "roundup-admin reindex" command if the tracker has existing data. Roundup was tested with Whoosh 2.5.7, but earlier versions in the 2.0 series may work. Whoosh is a pure Python indexer so it is slower than Xapian, but should be useful for moderately sized trackers. It uses the StandardAnalyzer which is suited for Western languages. pyopenssl If pyopenssl_ is installed the roundup-server can be configured to serve trackers over SSL. If you are going to serve roundup via proxy through a server with SSL support (e.g. apache) then this is unnecessary. gpg If gpg_ is installed you can configure the mail gateway to perform verification or decryption of incoming OpenPGP MIME messages. When configured, you can require email to be cryptographically signed before roundup will allow it to make modifications to issues. (Note with python 3.13 or newer on some platforms, you may need to install version 2.0 of gpg from test.pypi.org. See the `gpg install directions in the upgrading document`_. nanoid If nanoid_ is installed, it is used to generate short unique ids to link all logging to a single request. If not installed, uuid4's from the standard library are used. jinja2 To use the jinja2 template (may still be experimental, check out its TEMPLATE-INFO.txt file) you need to have the jinja2_ template engine installed. defusedxml If you are going to enable and use the XMLRPC endpoint, you should install the defusedxml_ module. It will still work with the default xmlrpc standard library, but it will log a warning when used. .. _install/docutils: docutils To use ReStructuredText rendering you need to have the `docutils`_ package installed. .. _install/markdown: markdown, markdown2 or mistune To use markdown rendering (as supplied by the jinja2 template) you need to have the markdown_, markdown2_ (2.4.9 known to be broken, 2.3.3, 2.4.10+ known to work), or mistune_ (v0.8.4 tested; python3 only) package installed. zstd, brotli To have roundup compress the returned data using one of these algorithms, you can install one or more of zstd_ or brotli_. Roundup's responses can always be compressed with gzip from the Python standard library. Also nginx and various wsgi server can compress the response from Roundup as they transmit/proxy it to the client. redis Storing ephemeral data: session keys, CSRF tokens etc. can be performance bottleneck. You can choose to deploy a Redis_ database using the redis-py_ pypi package. See the section on `Using Redis for Session Databases`_ in the `administration guide`_ for details. pyjwt To use JWT (JSON web tokens) for login (experimental), install `pyjwt`_ (v1.7.1, v2.0.1 tested). If you don't have it installed, JWT's are not supported. polib Roundup includes translations in various languages. To extract strings designated for translation from your tracker's HTML templates, you can utilize `roundup-gettext`. However, if you wish to extract translatable strings from the Python code in tracker's detectors or extensions directories using roundup-gettext, you must install polib_. See the `developer's guide`_ for details on translating your tracker. beautifulsoup, justhtml When HTML only email is received, Roundup can convert it into plain text using the native dehtml parser. To convert HTML email into plain text, beautifulsoup4_ or justhtml_ can also be used. You can choose the converter in the tracker's config. Note that justhtml is pure Python, fast and conforms to HTML 5 standards but works only for Python 3.10 or newer. pywin32 - Windows Service You can run Roundup as a Windows service if pywin32_ is installed. Otherwise it must be started manually. pyreadline3 When running roundup-admin on windows, installing pyreadline3_ will allow history and editing on the command line. requests If you are using OAuth authentication with the roundup-mailgw mail gateway you must install the requests_ library. .. _Using Redis for Session Databases: admin_guide.html#using-redis-for-session-databases .. _gpg install directions in the upgrading document: upgrading.html#directions-for-installing-gpg Installing Roundup ================== To get a production installation running will take 15-30 minutes. If you want to spend less than 5 minutes to test Roundup without installing it, see `For The Really Impatient`_. .. note:: Some systems, such as Gentoo and NetBSD, already have Roundup installed. Try running the command "roundup-admin -v". If it runs and reports the current version, you may skip the `Standard installation`_ below and go straight to `configuring your first tracker`_. However it may be an old version. If so you should probably install it in a virtual environment from the Roundup web site or pypi. If Roundup is not installed on your system, or needs to be updated, there are multiple ways to install Roundup. * `Standard installation`_ using pip in a Virtual Environment is the recommended standard. * `Installing from downloaded source`_ allows more control over how things are installed (including overwriting a vendor install). But it also increases complexity as well. * Use a prebuilt docker container from ``rounduptracker/roundup:latest`` and follow the steps in `Running Your Container`_. * Install in a docker container by downloading the source and following the steps in `Docker Support`_. There are several steps to get Roundup serving a tracker: 1. Install using one of the methods listed above. 2. Configure your tracker following `configuring your first tracker`_ for all install methods. 3. Optionally `configure a web interface`_. 4. Optionally `configure an email interface`_. 5. Follow `UNIX environment steps`_ to restrict local access to Roundup if you're installing on a shared UNIX system. For information about what Roundup installs, see the `What does Roundup install`_ section in the `administration guide`_. Standard Installation ---------------------- Installation of Roundup using Python3 in a virtual environment is recommended. Use:: python3 -m venv /path/to/environment/roundup Activate the Python environment (assuming a Bourne like shell) using:: . /path/to/environment/roundup/bin/activate To install the released Roundup core code into your Python tree and Roundup scripts into ``/path/to/environment/roundup/usr/bin`` run:: python3 -m pip install roundup If everything went well, you should now be able to run:: roundup-admin help and see the help text. If you want to run Roundup commands in the future without activating the virtual environment, just call the commands using the full path. For example:: /path/to/environment/roundup/usr/bin/roundup-admin You can use the command ``deactivate`` to return to the normal Python environment. However, for now continue with `configuring your first tracker`_. .. _downloaded and unpacked the source: Installing from downloaded source --------------------------------- In general you should be installing from a released Roundup version into a virtual environment. .. _current development version: ../code.html If you are installing a `current development version`_ or are a developer or are an expert you can use the manual installation method from a source install. From the unpacked source distribution, run:: sudo python3 setup.py install which will put the Roundup core code into your systems Python tree and the command scripts into ``/usr/bin`` If you would like to place the Roundup scripts in a directory other than ``/usr/bin``, then specify the preferred location with ``--install-scripts``. For example, to install them in ``/opt/roundup/bin``:: sudo python setup.py install --install-scripts=/opt/roundup/bin You can also use the ``--prefix`` option to install roundup into a completely different base directory. If you choose to do this, you will have to change Python's search path (sys.path) yourself. Configuring your first tracker ============================== Make sure the ``roundup-admin`` script location is on your ``PATH`` evironment variable. This is done automatically when you activate a virtual environment. You can also specify the full path to the command in the following steps. 1. To create a Roundup tracker (necessary to do before you can use the software in any real fashion), you need to set up a "tracker home": a. (Optional) If you intend to keep your roundup trackers under one top level directory which does not exist yet, you should create that directory now. Example:: mkdir /opt/roundup/trackers .. index:: roundup-admin; install subcommand b. Install a new tracker with the command ``roundup-admin install``. You will be asked a series of questions. Descriptions of the provided templates can be found in `choosing your template`_ below. Descriptions of the available backends can be found in `choosing your backend`_ below. The questions will be something like (you may have more templates or backends available):: Enter tracker home: /opt/roundup/trackers/support Templates: minimal, jinja2, classic, responsive, devel Select template [classic]: classic Back ends: anydbm, sqlite Select backend [anydbm]: anydbm Note: "Back ends" selection list depends on availability of third-party database modules. Standard python distribution includes anydbm and sqlite module only. The "support" part of the tracker home can be anything you want - it is the directory where the tracker information will be stored. You will now be directed to edit the tracker configuration and initial schema. At a minimum, you must set "tracker :: web" (that's the "web" option in the "tracker" section), "mail :: host", and "mail :: domain". You should also set "main :: admin_email" to your local admin address to get email on unusual occurances. If you get stuck, and get configuration file errors, then see the `tracker configuration`_ section of the `reference documentation`_. If you just want to get set up to test things quickly (and follow the instructions in step 3 below), you can even just set the "tracker :: web" variable to:: web = http://localhost:8080/support/ The URL *must* end in a '/', or your web interface *will not work*. See the `Roundup reference`_ for details on configuration and schema changes. You may change any of the configuration after you've initialised the tracker - it's just better to have valid values for this stuff now. .. index:: roundup-admin; initialise subcommand c. Initialise the tracker database with ``roundup-admin initialise``. You will need to supply an admin password at this step. You will be prompted:: Admin Password: Confirm: Note: running this command will *destroy any existing data in the database*. In the case of MySQL and PostgreSQL, any existing database (or optionally database schema for PostgreSQL) will be dropped and re-created. Once this is done, the tracker has been created. See the note in the `administration guide`_ on how to :ref:`initialise a tracker without being prompted for the password ` or exposing the password on the command line. 2. At this point, your tracker is set up, but doesn't have a nice user interface. To set that up, we need to `configure a web interface`_ and optionally `configure an email interface`_. If you want to try your new tracker out, assuming the ``web`` setting in the ``[tracker]`` [4]_ section of config.ini is set to ``'http://localhost:8080/support/'``, run:: roundup-server support=/opt/roundup/trackers/support then direct your web browser at: http://localhost:8080/support/ and you should see the tracker interface. To run your tracker on some interface other than 127.0.0.1 and port 8080 (make sure you change the "tracker :: web" option to match) use:: roundup-server -p 1080 -n 0.0.0.0 support=/opt/roundup/trackers/support to run the server at port 1080 and bind to all ip addresses on your system. Then direct your web browser to ``http://your_host_name:1080/support/``. .. [4] The rest of the documentation uses the abbreviated form "tracker :: web" for specifying a section and setting. Choosing Your Template ---------------------- Roundup ships with 5 templates. A description of each follows. When Roundup is installed, you can also get a description of available templates using ``roundup-admin templates``. You can use this to view additional templates that you create or download. .. _classic tracker: Classic Template ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The classic template is the one defined in the `Roundup Specification`_. It holds issues which have priorities and statuses. Each issue may also have a set of messages which are disseminated to the issue's list of nosy users. Minimal Template ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The minimal template has the minimum setup required for a tracker installation. That is, it has the configuration files, defines a user database and the basic HTML interface to that. It's a completely clean slate for you to create your tracker on. Other Templates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are three other templates distributed with Roundup: devel This is a generic issue tracker that may be used to track bugs, feature requests, project issues or any number of other types of issues. Most users of Roundup will find that this template suits them, with perhaps a few customisations. responsive This issue tracker uses the same schema as devel. The difference between devel and responsive templates is the use of Twitter bootstrap (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap) in templates and HTML5 markup. Make sure the "static_files" setting in your config.ini of your instance is set to the directory where the static files live (the subdirectory "static" in the default of the template). jinja2 This is a generic issue tracker based on classic schema. It uses Jinja2 for templating and Twitter bootstrap for responsive markup. You will need jinja and gettext for this to work. See the wiki page https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/Jinja2 for updates between releases. Also other people have listed their trackers for different needs at: https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/TrackerTemplates. .. index:: database; choosing your backend Choosing Your Backend --------------------- The actual storage of Roundup tracker information is handled by backends. Roundup supports basic full text search (FTS) for all backends. Some backends support a faster native FTS. Also Roundup supports using whoosh or xapian for FTS. There are several backends to choose from, each with benefits and limitations: ========== =========== ===== ============================== Name Speed Users Support ========== =========== ===== ============================== anydbm Slowest Few Always available sqlite Fastest Few Always available postgresql Fast Many Needs install/admin (psycopg2_) mysql Fast Many Needs install/admin (MySQLdb_) ========== =========== ===== ============================== **anydbm** This was one of the original database backends. It is a simple key/value store and is a prototype implementation for NoSQL backends. It also used to be the only backend that was guaranteed to be present. These days using SQLite is preferred unless you have some reason for preferring a key/value backend (e.g. you are interested in adding support for MongoDB or other NoSQL persistence layer). **sqlite** This uses the embedded database engine SQLite and the PySQLite_ driver to provide a very fast backend. This is not suitable for trackers which will have many simultaneous users, but requires much less installation and maintenance effort than more scalable postgresql and mysql backends. SQLite is supported via PySQLite version 2.1.0 and sqlite3 (the last being bundled with Python 2.5+) Installed SQLite should be the latest version available (3.9.0 or newer). .. _fts5-testing: Installation of Roundup 2.2.0 or newer requires that the installed SQLite supports FTS5. This is required even if you are not going to use FTS5 for full text searching. FTS5 was included in SQLite release 3.9.0 in October 2015. However some vendors choose not to include it. RedHat 7's native sqlite3 is known to not work. You can check your SQLite by using the command line:: echo 'pragma compile_options' | sqlite3 | grep FTS5 it should output ``ENABLE_FTS5`` if FTS5 is supported. You can check using the same version of Python you use for running Roundup with:: import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect(':memory:') cur = con.cursor() cur.execute('pragma compile_options;') available_pragmas = cur.fetchall() con.close() The output should include ``('ENABLE_FTS5',)`` in the output. Roundup supports using `SQLite's full text search capability `_. This can improve searching if you are not installing another indexer like xapian or whoosh. It works best with English text. **postgresql** Backend for popular RDBMS PostgreSQL. You must read `doc/postgresql.txt`_ for additional installation steps and requirements. You must also configure the ``rdbms`` section of your tracker's ``config.ini``. It is recommended that you use at least version 2.8 of psycopg2. Roundup supports using `postgresql's full text search capability `_. This can improve searching if you are not installing another indexer like xapian or whoosh. It can be tuned to work with different languages. **mysql** Backend for popular RDBMS MySQL. You must read `doc/mysql.txt`_ for additional installation steps and requirements. You must also configure the ``rdbms`` section of your tracker's ``config.ini`` You may defer your decision by setting your tracker up with the anydbm backend (which is guaranteed to be available) and switching to one of the other backends at any time using the instructions in the `administration guide`_. Regardless of which backend you choose, Roundup will attempt to initialise a new database for you when you run the "``roundup-admin initialise``" command. In the case of MySQL and PostgreSQL you will need to have the appropriate privileges to create databases. Configure a Web Interface ========================= There are multiple ways to deploy the web interface. If your tracker will be heavily used and accessible from the internet, we suggest using Apache or Nginx in WSGI mode or as a reverse proxy to the stand alone web server or WSGI server like Gunicorn. A FastCGI deployment with an alternate web server is suitable for lower traffic sites. If you already run Zope, Roundup should deploy nicely in that framework. If you are internet accessible, but expect a few users, or are on a hosted web server, using cgi-bin is a reasonable deployment. Using a true HTTP server provide tools including: DOS prevention, throttling, web application firewalls etc. that are worth having in an internet facing application. If you are running on an internal intranet, you can use the stand alone server: roundup-server, but even in this environment, using a real web server to serve static files and other resources will perform better. .. contents:: :depth: 1 :local: You may need to give the web server user permission to access the tracker home - see the `UNIX environment steps`_ for information. You may also need to configure your system in some way - see `platform-specific notes`_. .. index:: pair: web interface; cgi Web Server cgi-bin ------------------ A benefit of using the cgi-bin approach is that it's the easiest way to restrict access to your tracker to only use HTTPS. Access will be slower than through the `stand-alone web server`_ though. If your Python isn't installed as "python" then you'll need to edit the ``roundup.cgi`` script to fix the first line. .. index:: windows; IIS cgi installation If you're using IIS on a Windows platform, you'll need to run this command for the cgi to work (it turns on the PATH_INFO cgi variable):: adsutil.vbs set w3svc/AllowPathInfoForScriptMappings TRUE The ``adsutil.vbs`` file can be found in either ``c:\inetpub\adminscripts`` or ``c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\adminsamples\`` or ``c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\adminscripts\`` depending on your installation. See: https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/iis-docs/blob/main/iis/web-dev-reference/server-variables.md More information about IIS setup may be found at: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/ Copy the ``share/roundup/cgi-bin/roundup-cgi`` (``frontends/roundup.cgi`` in source tree) file to your web server's ``cgi-bin`` directory. You will need to configure it to tell it where your tracker home is. You can do this either: Through an environment variable Set the variable TRACKER_HOMES to be a colon (":") separated list of name=home pairs (if you're using apache, the SetEnv directive can do this) Directly in the ``roundup.cgi`` file itself Add your instance to the TRACKER_HOMES variable as ``'name': 'home'`` The "name" part of the configuration will appear in the URL and identifies the tracker (so you may have more than one tracker per cgi-bin script). Make sure there are no spaces or other illegal characters in it (to be safe, stick to letters and numbers). The "name" forms part of the URL that appears in the tracker config "tracker :: web" variable, so make sure they match. The "home" part of the configuration is the tracker home directory. If you're using Apache, you can use an additional trick to hide the ``.cgi`` extension of the cgi script. Place the ``roundup.cgi`` script wherever you want it to be, rename it to just ``roundup``, and add a couple lines to your Apache configuration:: SetHandler cgi-script CGI-bin for Limited-Access Hosting ---------------------------------- If you are running in a shared-hosting environment or otherwise don't have permission to edit the system web server's configuration, but can create a ``.htaccess`` file then you may be able to use this approach. 1. Install flup_ 2. Create a script ``roundup_stub`` in your server's ``cgi-bin`` directory containing:: #!/usr/bin/env python # if necessary modify the Python path to include the place you # installed Roundup #import sys #sys.path.append('...') # cgitb is needed for debugging in browser only #import cgitb #cgitb.enable() # obtain the WSGI request dispatcher from roundup.cgi.wsgi_handler import RequestDispatcher tracker_home = '/path/to/tracker/home' app = RequestDispatcher(tracker_home) from flup.server.cgi import WSGIServer WSGIServer(app).run() 3. Modify or created the ``.htaccess`` file in the desired (sub-)domain directory to contain:: RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /cgi-bin/roundup_stub/$1 [L] Now loading the (sub-)domain in a browser should load the tracker web interface. If you get a "500" error then enable the "cgitb" lines in the stub to get some debugging information. .. index:: pair: web interface; stand alone server Stand-alone Web Server ---------------------- This approach will give you faster response than cgi-bin. You may investigate using ProxyPass or similar configuration in apache to have your tracker accessed through the same URL as other systems. The stand alone serveris used by the Docker image. The stand-alone web server is started with the command ``roundup-server``. It has several options - display them with ``roundup-server -h``. The tracker home configuration is similar to the cgi-bin - you may either edit the script to change the TRACKER_HOMES variable or you may supply the name=home values on the command-line after all the other options. To make the server run in the background, use the "-d" option, specifying the name of a file to write the server process id (pid) to. .. index:: pair: web interface; Zope Zope Product - ZRoundup ----------------------- ZRoundup installs as a regular Zope product. Copy the ``share/roundup/frontends/ZRoundup`` (frontends/ZRoundup in the source tree) directory to your Products directory either in INSTANCE_HOME/Products or the Zope code tree lib/python/Products. When you next (re)start up Zope, you will be able to add a ZRoundup object that interfaces to your new tracker. .. index:: ! triple: web interface; apache; mod_wsgi ! single: wsgi; apache Apache HTTP Server with mod_wsgi -------------------------------- This is a work in progress thanks to Garth Jensen. See the main web site for `mod_wsgi`_ which include directions for using mod_wsgi-express which is easier if you are not used to apache configuration. Also there is the `main mod_wsgi `_ for more detailed directions. Background ~~~~~~~~~~ These notes were developed on a Microsoft Azure VM running Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. The instructions below assume: - python and roundup are already installed - roundup is running in the system python instance (e.g. no virtual environment) - the tracker ``mytracker`` is installed in the ``trackers`` folder of home directory of a user called ``admin``. Thus, the absolute path to the tracker home directory is ``/home/admin/trackers/mytracker``. - the server has a static public IP address of 198.51.100.25 Install mod-wsgi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can install/build it using the python package manager pip, or install using the OS package manager (apt). Pip install of mod_wsgi ''''''''''''''''''''''' This is the tested method, and offers an easier path to get started, but it does mean that you will need to keep up to date with any security or other issues. If you use the packages supplied by your OS vendor, you may get more timely updates and notifications. The mod_wsgi docs talk about two installation methods: (1) the so-called CMMI method or (2) with pip. The pip method also provides an admin script called ``mod_wsgi-express`` that can start up a standalone instance of Apache directly from the command line with an auto generated configuration. These instructions follow the pip method. 1. The `mod_wsgi`_ PyPi page lists prerequisites for various types of systems. For Ubuntu, they are apache2 and apache2-dev. To see installed apache packages, you can use ``dpkg -l | grep apache``. If apache2 or apache2-dev are not installed, they install them with: - ``sudo apt update`` - ``sudo apt install apache2 apache2-dev`` 2. If ``pip`` is not already installed, install it with ``sudo apt install python-pip`` If you are using python 3, use ``sudo apt-install python3-pip`` and change references to pip in the directions to pip3. 3. ``sudo pip install mod_wsgi``. In my case, I got warnings about the user not owning directories, but it said it completed "successfully." 4. For testing, open port 8000 for TCP on the server. For an Azure VM, this is done with Azure Portal under ``Networking`` > ``Add inbound port`` rule. 5. Test with ``mod_wsgi-express start-server``. This should serve up content on localhost port 8000. You can then direct a browser on the server itself to ``http://localhost:8000/`` or on another machine at the server's domain name or ip address followed by colon then 8000 (e.g. ``http://198.51.100.25:8000/``). If successful, you should see a Malt Whiskey image. Package manager install of mod_wsgi ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' On debian (which should work for Ubuntu), install apache2 with libapache2-mod-wsgi: - ``sudo apt update`` - ``sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi`` this is the less tested method for installing mod_wsgi and may not install mod_wsgi-express, which is used below. However there is an example apache config included as part of `WSGI Variations`_ that can be used to hand craft an apache config. You should make sure that the version you install is 3.5 or newer due to security issues in older releases. Configure web interface via wsgi_handler ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. In the tracker's home directory create a ``wsgi.py`` file with the following content (substituting ``/home/admin/trackers/mytracker`` with the absolute path for your tracker's home directory): .. code:: python from roundup.cgi.wsgi_handler import RequestDispatcher tracker_home = '/home/admin/trackers/mytracker' application = RequestDispatcher(tracker_home) To run the tracker on Port 8000 as a foreground process ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1. Change the ``tracker.web`` url in ``config.ini`` to port 8000 at the server domain name or ip address (e.g. ``http://198.51.100.25:8000/``). 2. Open port 8000 for TCP on the server if you didn't already do so. 3. ``cd`` to your tracker home directory, then run ``mod_wsgi-express start-server wsgi.py``. 4. Test by directing a browser on another machine to the url you set ``tracker.web`` to in ``config.ini``. Run tracker as background daemon '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' To run the tracker on Port 80 or as a background process, you'll need to configure a UNIX group with appropriate privileges as described in `UNIX environment steps`_. These steps are summarized here: 1. To add a group named "mytrackergrp" run: ``sudo groupadd mytrackergrp``. 2. Add the owner of the tracker home (admin in this example) run: ``sudo usermod -a -G mytrackergrp admin`` 3. Add user that runs Apache (the default on Ubuntu is www-data) run: ``sudo usermod -a -G mytrackergrp www-data`` 4. Add user mail service runs as (e.g. daemon) run: ``sudo usermod -a -G mytrackergrp daemon`` 5. Change group of the database in the tracker folder run: ``sudo chgrp -R mytrackergrp ~/trackers/mytracker``. 6. Make sure group can write to the database, and any new files created in the database will be owned by the group run: ``sudo chmod -R g+sw ~/trackers/mytracker/db`` To run mod_wsgi on PORT 80 '''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1. Change the ``tracker.web`` url in ``config.ini`` to the server url with no port designator. E.g. ``http://198.51.100.25``. 2. Open port 80 on the server for TCP traffic if it isn't open already. 3. Stop the system instance of Apache to make sure it isn't holding on to port 80 run: ``sudo service apache2 stop``. To run as a foreground process ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1. From the tracker home directory, run ``sudo mod_wsgi-express start-server wsgi.py --port 80 --user admin --group mytrackergrp`` To run as a background process ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1. From the tracker home directory, bash ``sudo mod_wsgi-express setup-server wsgi.py --port=80 --user admin --group mytrackergrp --server-root=/etc/mod_wsgi-express-80`` 2. Then, run ``sudo /etc/mod_wsgi-express-80/apachectl start`` 3. To stop, run ``sudo /etc/mod_wsgi-express-80/apachectl stop`` .. index:: triple: web interface; apache; mod_python (depricated) Apache HTTP Server with mod_python ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ As of roundup 2.0, mod_python support is deprecated. The apache.py file is still available, but may be limited to working for Python 2 only. Using mod_wsgi with Apache is the recommended way to deploy roundup under apache. `Mod_python`_ is an `Apache`_ module that embeds the Python interpreter within the server. Running Roundup this way is much faster than all above options and, like `web server cgi-bin`_, allows you to use HTTPS protocol. The drawback is that this setup is more complicated. The following instructions were tested on apache 2.0 with mod_python 3.1. If you are using older versions, your mileage may vary. Mod_python uses OS threads. If your apache was built without threads (quite commonly), you must load the threading library to run mod_python. This is done by setting ``LD_PRELOAD`` to your threading library path in apache ``envvars`` file. Example for gentoo linux (``envvars`` file is located in ``/usr/lib/apache2/build/``):: LD_PRELOAD=/lib/libpthread.so.0 export LD_PRELOAD Example for FreeBSD (``envvars`` is in ``/usr/local/sbin/``):: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libc_r.so export LD_PRELOAD Next, you have to add Roundup trackers configuration to apache config. Roundup apache interface uses the following options specified with ``PythonOption`` directives: TrackerHome: defines the tracker home directory - the directory that was specified when you did ``roundup-admin init``. This option is required. TrackerLanguage: defines web user interface language. mod_python applications do not receive OS environment variables in the same way as command-line programs, so the language cannot be selected by setting commonly used variables like ``LANG`` or ``LC_ALL``. ``TrackerLanguage`` value has the same syntax as values of these environment variables. This option may be omitted. TrackerDebug: run the tracker in debug mode. Setting this option to ``yes`` or ``true`` has the same effect as running ``roundup-server -t debug``: the database schema and used html templates are rebuilt for each HTTP request. Values ``no`` or ``false`` mean that all html templates for the tracker are compiled and the database schema is checked once at startup. This is the default behaviour. TrackerTiming: has nearly the same effect as environment variable ``CGI_SHOW_TIMING`` for standalone roundup server. The difference is that setting this option to ``no`` or ``false`` disables timings display. Value ``comment`` writes request handling times in html comment, and any other non-empty value makes timing report visible. By default, timing display is disabled. In the following example we have two trackers set up in ``/var/db/roundup/support`` and ``/var/db/roundup/devel`` and accessed as ``https://my.host/roundup/support/`` and ``https://my.host/roundup/devel/`` respectively (provided Apache has been set up for SSL of course). Having them share same parent directory allows us to reduce the number of configuration directives. Support tracker has russian user interface. The other tracker (devel) has english user interface (default). Static files from ``html`` directory are served by apache itself - this is quicker and generally more robust than doing that from python. Everything else is aliased to dummy (non-existing) ``py`` file, which is handled by mod_python and our roundup module. Example mod_python configuration:: ################################################# # Roundup Issue tracker ################################################# # enable Python optimizations (like 'python -O') PythonOptimize On # let apache handle static files from 'html' directories AliasMatch /roundup/(.+)/@@file/(.*) /var/db/roundup/$1/html/$2 # everything else is handled by roundup web UI AliasMatch /roundup/([^/]+)/(?!@@file/)(.*) /var/db/roundup/$1/dummy.py/$2 # roundup requires a slash after tracker name - add it if missing RedirectMatch permanent ^/roundup/([^/]+)$ /roundup/$1/ # common settings for all roundup trackers Order allow,deny Allow from all AllowOverride None Options None AddHandler python-program .py PythonHandler roundup.cgi.apache # uncomment the following line to see tracebacks in the browser # (note that *some* tracebacks will be displayed anyway) #PythonDebug On # roundup tracker homes PythonOption TrackerHome /var/db/roundup/support PythonOption TrackerLanguage ru PythonOption TrackerHome /var/db/roundup/devel Notice that the ``/var/db/roundup`` path shown above refers to the directory in which the tracker homes are stored. The actual value will thus depend on your system. .. index:: windows; apache config On Windows the corresponding lines will look similar to these:: AliasMatch /roundup/(.+)/@@file/(.*) C:/DATA/roundup/$1/html/$2 AliasMatch /roundup/([^/]+)/(?!@@file/)(.*) C:/DATA/roundup/$1/dummy.py/$2 In this example the directory hosting all of the tracker homes is ``C:\DATA\roundup``. (Notice that you must use forward slashes in paths inside the httpd.conf file!) The URL for accessing these trackers then become: ``http:///roundup/support/`` and ``http:///roundup/devel/`` Note that in order to use https connections you must set up Apache for secure serving with SSL. Nginx HTTP Server ----------------- This configuration uses Gunicorn to run Roundup behind an Nginx proxy. The proxy also compresses the data using gzip. The url for the tracker in config.ini should be ``https://tracker.example.org``. .. code:: user nginx; worker_processes auto; worker_rlimit_nofile 10000; error_log /var/log/nginx/global-error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } upstream tracker-tracker { # Gunicorn uses this socket for communication server unix:/var/run/roundup/tracker.sock fail_timeout=0; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/global-access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; server_tokens off; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_proxied any; gzip_min_length 500; # default comp_level is 1 gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_disable msie6 gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/xml text/javascript application/javascript text/json application/json; # upstream proxies need to match Accept-Encoding as # part of their cache check gzip_vary on server { listen 80; server_name tracker.example.org; location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ { alias /etc/lego/.well-known/acme-challenge/; try_files $uri =404; } location / { return 301 https://$http_host$request_uri; } } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name tracker.example.org; include mime.types; # By default use the snakeoil certificate... # change this if you are using a real SSL cert ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key; # These are useful for @@files where roundup is bypassed. # but can be set by roundup as well. See: # https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/AddingContentSecurityPolicy # which also sets other security headers. add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload"; add_header X-Frame-Options "sameorigin"; add_header X-Xss-Protection "1; mode=block"; add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"; error_log /var/log/nginx/roundup-tracker.error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/roundup-tracker.access.log root /home/roundup/trackers/tracker/; # have nginx return files from @@file directly rather than # going though roundup location /@@file/ { rewrite ^/@@file/(.*) /html/$1 break; # note that you can not use cache control (see customising doc) # in roundup to set the expires headers since we are # bypassing roundup. Consider using a map or different # location stanzas to vary the expiration times. expires 1h; } location / { # must define tracker-tracker in upstream stanza proxy_pass http://tracker-tracker/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } } FastCGI (Cherokee, Hiawatha, lighttpd) -------------------------------------- The Hiawatha and lighttpd web servers can run Roundup using FastCGI. Cherokee can run FastCGI but it also supports wsgi directly using a wsgi server like Waitress, Gnuicorn etc. To run Roundup using FastCGI, the flup_ package can be used under Python 2 and Python 3. We don't have a detailed config for this, but the basic idea `can be found in the wayback machine archive`_. If you have deployed Roundup using FastCGI and flup we welcome example configuration files and instructions. .. _can be found in the wayback machine archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20241010170738/https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/deploying/fastcgi/ .. _flup: https://pypi.org/project/flup/ WSGI Variations --------------- .. index:: triple: web interface; apache; mod_wsgi single: wsgi; apache Apache Alternate ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This method from Thomas Arendsen Hein goes into a bit more detail and is designed to allow you to run multiple roundup trackers each under their own user. The tracker instances are read-only to the tracker user and located under /srv/roundup/. The (writable) data files are stored in the home directory of the user running the tracker. To install roundup, download and unpack a distribution tarball and run the following as user "roundup":: python setup.py build_doc python setup.py sdist --manifest-only python setup.py install --home="/home/roundup/install" --force Create a user roundup-foo, group roundup-foo to run the tracker. Add the following apache config to /etc/apache2/sites-available/roundup-foo (under debian/Ubunutu, modify as needed): .. code:: ApacheConf ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log LogLevel notice DocumentRoot /var/www/ CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log vhost_combined # allow access to roundup docs Alias /doc/ /home/roundup/install/share/doc/roundup/html/ # make apache serve static assets like css rather than # having roundup serve the files Alias /foo/@@file/ /srv/roundup/foo/html/ # make /foo into /foo/ RedirectMatch permanent ^/(foo)$ /$1/ # start a wsgi daemon process running as user roundup-foo # in group roundup-foo. This also changes directory to # ~roundup-foo before it starts roundup.wsgi. WSGIDaemonProcess roundup-foo display-name=roundup-foo user=roundup-foo group=roundup-foo threads=25 # make tracker available at /foo and tie it into the # wsgi script below. WSGIScriptAlias /foo /srv/roundup/foo/roundup.wsgi WSGIProcessGroup roundup-foo The directory ~roundup-foo should have: * a ``db`` subdirectory where messages and files will be stored * a symbolic link called ``instance`` to /srv/roundup/foo which has been initialised using ``roundup-admin``. The `Apache HTTP Server with mod_wsgi`_ section above has a simple WSGI handler. This is an enhanced version to be put into ``/srv/roundup/foo/roundup.wsgi``. .. code:: python import sys, os sys.stdout = sys.stderr enabled = True if enabled: # Add the directory with the roundup installation # subdirectory to the python path. sys.path.insert(0, '/home/roundup/install/lib/python') # obtain the WSGI request dispatcher from roundup.cgi.wsgi_handler import RequestDispatcher tracker_home = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'instance') application = RequestDispatcher(tracker_home) else: def application(environ, start_response): status = '503 Service Unavailable' output = 'service is down for maintenance' response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-Length', str(len(output)))] start_response(status, response_headers) return [output] This handler allows you to temporarily disable the tracker by setting "enabled = False", apache will automatically detect the changed roundup.wsgi file and reload it. One last change is needed. In the tracker's config.ini change the db parameter in the [main] section to be /home/roundup-foo/db. This will put the files and messages in the db directory for the user. .. index:: pair: web interface; Gunicorn single: wsgi; Gunicorn Gunicorn Installation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To run with Gunicorn use ``pip install gunicorn``. This configuration uses a front end web server like nginx, hiawatha, or apache configured as a reverse proxy. See your web server's documentation on how to set it up as a reverse proxy. The file wsgi.py (obtained from ``frontends/wsgi.py``) should be in the current directory with the contents:: # if roundup is not installed on the default PYTHONPATH # set it here with: import sys sys.path.append('/path/to/roundup/install/directory') # obtain the WSGI request dispatcher from roundup.cgi.wsgi_handler import RequestDispatcher tracker_home = '/path/to/tracker/install/directory' app = RequestDispatcher(tracker_home) Assuming the proxy forwards /tracker, run Gunicorn as:: SCRIPT_NAME=/tracker gunicorn --bind 127.0.0.1:8917 --timeout=10 wsgi:app this runs roundup at port 8917 on the loopback interface. You should configure the reverse proxy to talk to 127.0.0.1 at port 8917. If you want you can use a unix domain socket instead. Example: ``--bind unix:///var/run/roundup/tracker.sock`` would be used for the nginx configuration below. If you are customizing a docker continer to use gunicorn, see https://pythonspeed.com/articles/gunicorn-in-docker/. .. index:: pair: web interface; Waitress single: wsgi; Waitress Waitress Installation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Waitress is a pure Python WSGI server. It runs on Windows and you could use IIS or other web server to reverse proxy HTTP to it. You can use Waitress to serve Roundup without a proxy. It's not recommended, but it can be used on a local network where roundup can't be accessed from the internet. Assuming you have installed Roundup in a virtual environment (venv), install ``waitress`` and ``paste`` into the same venv using pip. ``paste`` is optional, but it provides logging middleware that produces standard combined format HTTP connection logs. You need to modify the file wsgi.py (obtained from ``frontends/wsgi.py``) to invoke waitress. It will look like:: # If you installed roundup to the system locations # using pip you don't need to change this # section. If you installed roundup in a custom # location, uncomment these lines and change the # path in the append() method to your custom path. #import sys #sys.path.append('/custom/location/where/roundup/is/installed') # Obtain the WSGI request dispatcher from roundup.cgi.wsgi_handler import RequestDispatcher # Set the path to tracker home. tracker_home = 'demo' # Definition signature for app: app(environ, start_response): # If using apache mod_wsgi change app to application. app = RequestDispatcher(tracker_home) from waitress import serve # Optional replaced TransLogger(app) with app if not installed from paste.translogger import TransLogger serve(TransLogger(app), host='0.0.0.0', port=8917, url_prefix=f"/{tracker_home}/") This will make Roundup available to any host on your local network at port 8917 under the ``/demo/`` path. Run it with ``python wsgi.py``. If you want to run just on the local loopback interface, replace ``0.0.0.0`` with ``127.0.0.1`` `See the Waitress docs`_ for more info on configuring waitress including putting it behind a proxy, IPV6 support etc. .. _`See the Waitress docs`: https://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/waitress/en/stable/ Configure an Email Interface ============================ If you don't want to use the email component of Roundup, then remove the "``nosyreaction.py``" module from your tracker "``detectors``" directory. See `platform-specific notes`_ for steps that may be needed on your system. There are five supported ways to get emailed issues into the Roundup tracker. You should pick ONE of the following, all of which will continue my example setup from above: As a mail alias pipe process ---------------------------- Set up a mail alias called "issue_tracker" as (include the quote marks): "``|/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw ``" (substitute ``/usr/bin`` for wherever roundup-mailgw is installed). In some installations (e.g. RedHat Linux and Fedora Core) you'll need to set up smrsh so sendmail will accept the pipe command. In that case, symlink ``/etc/smrsh/roundup-mailgw`` to "``/usr/bin/roundup-mailgw``" and change the command to:: |roundup-mailgw /opt/roundup/trackers/support To test the mail gateway on unix systems, try:: echo test |mail -s '[issue] test' support@YOUR_DOMAIN_HERE Be careful that some mail systems (postfix for example) will impose limits on processes they spawn. In particular postfix can set a file size limit that is inherited by the mailgw. If the database files (anydbm, sqlite) exceed this limit, *this can cause your Roundup database to become corrupted.* As a custom router/transport using a pipe process (Exim4 specific) ------------------------------------------------------------------ The following configuration snippets for `Exim 4`_ configuration implement a custom router & transport to accomplish mail delivery to roundup-mailgw. A configuration for Exim3 is similar but not included, since Exim3 is considered obsolete. .. _Exim 4: https://www.exim.org/ This configuration is similar to the previous section, in that it uses a pipe process. However, there are advantages to using a custom router/transport process, if you are using Exim. * This avoids privilege escalation, since otherwise the pipe process will run as the mail user, typically mail. The transport can be configured to run as the user appropriate for the task at hand. In the transport described in this section, Exim4 runs as the unprivileged user ``roundup``. * Separate configuration is not required for each tracker instance. When a email arrives at the server, Exim passes it through the defined routers. The roundup_router looks for a match with one of the roundup directories, and if there is one it is passed to the roundup_transport, which uses the pipe process described in the previous section (`As a mail alias pipe process`_). The matching is done in the line:: require_files = /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw:ROUNDUP_HOME/$local_part/schema.py The following configuration has been tested on Debian Sarge with Exim4. .. note:: The Debian Exim4 packages don't allow pipes in alias files by default, so the method described in the section `As a mail alias pipe process`_ will not work with the default configuration. However, the method described in this section does. See the discussion in ``/usr/share/doc/exim4-config/README.system_aliases`` on any Debian system with Exim4 installed. For more Debian-specific information, see suggested addition to README.Debian in https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=343283, which will hopefully be merged into the Debian package eventually. This config makes a few assumptions: * That the mail address corresponding to the tracker instance has the same name as the directory of the tracker instance, i.e. the mail interface address corresponding to a Roundup instance called ``/var/lib/roundup/trackers/mytracker`` is ``mytracker@your.host``. * That (at least) all the db subdirectories of all the tracker instances (ie. ``/var/lib/roundup/trackers/*/db``) are owned by the same user, in this case, 'roundup'. * That if the ``schema.py`` file exists, then the tracker is ready for use. Another option is to use the ``config.ini`` file (this changed in 0.8 from ``config.py``). Macros for Roundup router/transport. Should be placed in the macros section of the Exim4 config:: # Home dir for your Roundup installation ROUNDUP_HOME=/var/lib/roundup/trackers # User and group for Roundup. ROUNDUP_USER=roundup ROUNDUP_GROUP=roundup Custom router for Roundup. This will (probably) work if placed at the beginning of the router section of the Exim4 config:: roundup_router: driver = accept # The config file config.ini seems like a more natural choice, but the # file config.py was replaced by config.ini in 0.8, and schema.py needs # to be present too. require_files = /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw:ROUNDUP_HOME/$local_part/schema.py transport = roundup_transport Custom transport for Roundup. This will (probably) work if placed at the beginning of the router section of the Exim4 config:: roundup_transport: driver = pipe command = /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw ROUNDUP_HOME/$local_part/ current_directory = ROUNDUP_HOME home_directory = ROUNDUP_HOME user = ROUNDUP_USER group = ROUNDUP_GROUP As a regular job using a mailbox source --------------------------------------- Set ``roundup-mailgw`` up to run every 10 minutes or so. For example (substitute ``/usr/bin`` for wherever roundup-mailgw is installed):: 0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw /opt/roundup/trackers/support mailbox Where the ``mail_spool_file`` argument is the location of the roundup submission user's mail spool. On most systems, the spool for a user "issue_tracker" will be "``/var/mail/issue_tracker``". As a regular job using a POP source ----------------------------------- To retrieve from a POP mailbox, use a *cron* entry similar to the mailbox one (substitute ``/usr/bin`` for wherever roundup-mailgw is installed):: 0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw /opt/roundup/trackers/support pop where pop_spec is "``username:password@server``" that specifies the roundup submission user's POP account name, password and server. apop (authenticated) and pops (pop over ssl) methods are also supported. See `the section on mailgw in the admin guide `_. On windows, you would set up the command `using the windows scheduler`_. As a regular job using an IMAP source ------------------------------------- To retrieve from an IMAP mailbox, use a *cron* entry similar to the POP one (substitute ``/usr/bin`` for wherever roundup-mailgw is installed):: 0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * /usr/bin/roundup-mailgw /opt/roundup/trackers/support imap where imap_spec is "``username:password@server``" that specifies the roundup submission user's IMAP account name, password and server. You may optionally include a mailbox to use other than the default ``INBOX`` with:: imap username:password@server mailbox If you have a secure (ie. HTTPS) IMAP server then you may use ``imaps`` in place of ``imap`` in the command to use a securnae connection. To use imap with CRAM or OAUTH, see `the section on mailgw in the admin guide `_ . As with the POP job, on windows, you would set up the command `using the windows scheduler`_. UNIX Environment Steps ====================== Each tracker ideally should have its own UNIX group, so create a UNIX group (edit ``/etc/group`` or your appropriate NIS map if you're using NIS). To continue with my examples so far, I would create the UNIX group 'support', although the name of the UNIX group does not have to be the same as the tracker name. To this 'support' group I then add all of the UNIX usernames who will be working with this Roundup tracker. In addition to 'real' users, the Roundup email gateway will need to have permissions to this area as well, so add the user your mail service runs as to the group (typically "mail" or "daemon"). The UNIX group might then look like:: support:*:1002:jblaine,samh,geezer,mail If you intend to use the web interface (as most people do), you should also add the username your web server runs as to the group. My group now looks like this:: support:*:1002:jblaine,samh,geezer,mail,apache The tracker "db" directory should be chmod'ed g+sw so that the group can write to the database, and any new files created in the database will be owned by the group. If you're using the mysql or postgresql backend then you'll need to ensure that the tracker user has appropriate permissions to create/modify the database. If you're using roundup.cgi, the apache user needs permissions to modify the database. Alternatively, explicitly specify a database login in ``rdbms`` -> ``user`` and ``password`` in ``config.ini``. An alternative to the above is to create a new user who has the sole responsibility of running roundup. This user: 1. runs the CGI interface daemon 2. runs regular polls for email 3. runs regular checks (using cron) to ensure the daemon is up 4. optionally has no login password so that nobody but the "root" user may actually login and play with the roundup setup. If you're using a Linux system (e.g. Fedora Core) with SELinux enabled, you will need to ensure that the db directory has a context that permits the web server to modify and create files. If you're using the mysql or postgresql backend you may also need to update your policy to allow the web server to access the database socket. Public Tracker Considerations ============================= If you run a public tracker, you will eventually have to think about dealing with spam entered through both the web and mail interfaces. See the section on `Preventing SPAM`_ in the `customisation documentation`_ that has a simple detector that will block lot of spam attempts. Also you can consider adding `reCaptcha to reduce bot logins as described on the wiki `_. The wiki also documents how to add `multi-factor (MFA)/one time keys/password using TOTP/HOTP `_. If you have a single sign on system see: the `wiki page on using Shibboleth `_ or `LDAP `_ with Roundup. More customisation can be found under the Security headings of the `CustomisationExamples wiki page `_ and `AdminstrationExample `_ pages on the wiki. Docker Support ============== If you don't want to install Roundup on a host, you can create a Docker container or use the `pre-built container on hub.docker.com `_. Docker hub images support `multiple tags <#tags-for-dockerhub-docker-images>`_. Docker images run Roundup using the `stand-alone web server`_ method. The image only supports http. We suggest putting an https terminating proxy in front of it. This is a work in progress and patches to improve it are welcome. You can find the docker config files under the `scripts/Docker` directory of the source tree. The Roundup container uses the 64 bit Alpine Python distribution. It includes database drivers for anydbm, SQLite, MySQL and Postgresql (Postgresql is untested). It also includes additional libraries that are listed in `scripts/Docker/requirements.txt` (including redis client support). Email support is a work in progress. Outgoing email to an external SMTP server should work. Receiving email should work by using a scheduled (cron) job to access email: * `As a regular job using a mailbox source`_ * `As a regular job using a POP source`_ * `As a regular job using an IMAP source`_ However running cron in a container is problematic (running busybox crond as root vs. non-root, requiring setgrp privs etc). Using the host's crontab with a command like:: docker exec roundup-tracker roundup-mailgw tracker \ mailbox /var/spool/mail/roundup might be a solution if you can mount a mail spool directory or use pop/imap. Patches for implementing better email support are welcome. If you want to use a MySQL backend, see `Docker-compose Deployment`_ to deploy a Roundup container and a MySQL container backend for use with Roundup. We recommend you follow the `OSWAP Docker Security practices`_ for your production Roundup instance. .. _OSWAP Docker Security practices: https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Docker_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html Building a Docker Container --------------------------- You can build a docker container in one of 4 modes defined by the ``source`` build-arg. ``--build-arg="source=local"`` the default if no source is defined. Build using the version in the source tree by running ``setup.py install``. ``--build-arg="source=pypi"`` build the newest production release version deployed to pypi. If you want to build using a pre-release, you can append `pip version specifiers `_ to `pypi` without embedding any spaces. For example:: # install 2.2.0 if available or 2.2.0b1 or 2.2.0b2 etc. --build-arg="source=pypi~=2.2.0b1" # install only a 2.2.0 beta --build-arg="source=pypi~=2.2.0b1,!=2.2.0" Note that versions of Roundup before 2.2 may not run correctly in a Docker container. ``--build-arg="source=pip_local"`` Build using the version in the source tree by running ``pip install``. This places some files (e.g. man pages, templates) in different directories from the `local` install but is preferred by some Python users. ``--build-arg="source=pip_sdist"`` Disabled - hopefully it will be available in the future. This is meant for maintainer/developer use. It installs using pip from a source distribution (sdist) tarball built by following the RELEASE.txt. It is meant for testing releases or building a docker image that installs a new pending source distribution release. Normal users/admins should not use it. Use ``local`` or ``pip_local`` instead. Build a docker container using the code in the current directory, with this build command from the top of the source tree:: docker build -t roundup-app -f scripts/Docker/Dockerfile . Build a container using the newest production (non pre-release) Roundup release on PyPI, by running:: docker build -t roundup-app --build-arg="source=pypi" \ -f scripts/Docker/Dockerfile . Change the ``build-arg`` for building in other modes. The Dockerfile declares a single volume mounted at ``/usr/src/app/tracker`` inside the container. You will mount your tracker home directory at this location. The ``/usr/src/app`` path can be changed by adding:: --build-arg="appdir=/new/path" You can also add additional modules to the docker container by using:: --build-arg="pip_mod=requests setproctitle" Because of deficiencies in the docker program (see: https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/29110#issuecomment-1100676306), there is no way to determine the version of Python inside the container and make that available as part of the build process. If your build fails because the ``pythonversion does not match``, add the suggested ``--build-arg`` to the ``docker build`` command line. .. _UID at image build time: By default the container runs Roundup using UID 1000. By setting ``--build-arg="roundup_uid=2000"`` you can change the UID and GID. Configuring Roundup in the Container ------------------------------------ .. caution:: Docker modifies iptables firewall rules. This allows access to the container from your local network. `See the official documentation for details `_. UFW rules are known to be be ignored (see: https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/4737). Use ``-p 127.0.0.1:ext_port:container_port`` in your docker run commands or implement suggestions like: https://github.com/chaifeng/ufw-docker. Once the docker image is created using one of the build commands above, run an interactive session with:: docker run -it --rm -p 127.0.0.1:9017:8080 \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker roundup-app:latest The ``-v`` option maps a directory from the host into the docker container. Note that uid 1000 is used by roundup by default. The uid of the directory (and all files under it) must match the uid. You can set the `UID at image build time`_. This example assumes your tracker configs are in the tracker subdirectory. Replace ``$PWD/tracker`` with the full path name to the directory where the tracker home(s) are to be stored. The ``-p`` option maps an external port (9017) to proxy the roundup server running at port 8080 to the outside. Note if you remove ``127.0.0.1:`` from the -p argument, *any host* on the network will be able to access the tracker at port 9017. If the tracker directory is empty, the docker container will prompt you to `install a tracker template`_ (step 3) and prompt you for the database type. .. _install a tracker template: #configuring-your-first-tracker Then you need to configure the tracker by editing ``template/config.ini``. Make sure that the tracker web setting ends in ``/issues/`` See `Configuring your first tracker`_ and the top of ``config.ini`` for other settings. Once you have configured the tracker, run another interactive session to `initialise the tracker`_ (step 4) with:: docker run -it --rm -p 127.0.0.1:9017:8080 \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker roundup-app:latest this will initialise the database and attempt to start the server. If that is successful, use control-c to exit the server. .. _initialise the tracker: #configuring-your-first-tracker Now start the server non-interactively (note no `-it` option) with:: docker run -p 9017:8080 -d \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker roundup-app:latest Your tracker will be available at: ``http://yourhost:9017/issues/``. If you need to access your container while the server is running you can use:: docker exec -it c0d5 sh where ``c0d5`` is the id prefix for the running container obtained from ``docker container ls``. You should place a web server in front of Roundup (in reverse proxy mode) for production use. See the proxy_pass example below: * `Nginx HTTP Server`_ You can expose the port directly to your intranet by removing ``127.0.0.1`` from the ``-p`` option. See `Stand-alone Web Server`_ for more details. Running Your Container ---------------------- .. note:: The examples below use the locally built docker container specification: ``roundup-app``. You can replace it with the docker hub specification ``rounduptracker/roundup:latest`` (provided latest is newer than 2.3.0). As of version 2.3.0 the Docker container has multiple entry points. Guided install ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By default, running:: docker run -it --rm -p 127.0.0.1:9017:8080 \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker roundup-app:latest 3 times will install, initialize and serve a Roundup tracker at ``..../issues/`` using ``$PWD/tracker`` as the tracker home. This is the "guided install" method described in `Configuring Roundup in the Container`_. Arguments for roundup-server ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Once you have initialized your tracker, any arguments placed at the end of the ``docker run`` command are passed to the ``roundup-server``. These arguments **replace** the default arguments of ``issues=tracker``. Brief Help ~~~~~~~~~~ You can get help running the docker image:: docker run -it \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker \ roundup-app:latest help Invoking a Shell ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can invoke a shell inside the container without exec'ing into the container using:: docker run -it \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker \ roundup-app:latest shell Then you can manually configure your tracker using ``roundup-admin -i tracker`` using the directions for `Configuring your first tracker`_. This is also how you would access tools like ``roundup-gettext`` which do not have direct entry points like ``admin`` for ``roundup-admin`` and ``demo`` for ``roundup-demo``. Invoke roundup-admin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can run ``roundup-admin`` directly by using:: docker run -it \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker \ roundup-app:latest admin -i tracker/tracker1 to start ``roundup-admin`` using the directory ``$PWD/tracker/tracker1``. This is one way to create multiple trackers in subdirectories. It is no different from starting a shell and invoking ``roundup-admin`` manually. One possibly useful command is:: docker run -it \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker \ roundup-app:latest admin templates to list description of all the installed templates. Invoke roundup-demo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lastly you can:: docker run -it -p 127.0.0.1:8917:8080 \ -v $PWD/tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker \ roundup-app:latest demo anydbm responsive to create a directory ``$PWD/tracker/demo`` and autoconfigure a server using the anydbm backend based on the responsive tracker template. See `demo mode using docker`_ for steps to change the server port. Debugging ~~~~~~~~~ If you add ``-e SHELL_DEBUG=1`` to the docker command, it sets the ``SHELL_DEBUG`` environment variable which will enable debugging output from the startup script. Running Multiple Trackers -------------------------- If you want to run multiple trackers, create a subdirectory for each tracker home under the volume mount point (``$PWD/tracker``). Then invoke ``docker run`` passing the roundup-server tracker specifications like:: docker run --rm -p 9017:8080 \ -v /.../issue.tracker:/usr/src/app/tracker \ roundup-app:latest tracker1=tracker/tracker1_home \ tracker2=tracker/tracker2_home This will set up two trackers that can be reached at ``http://yourhost:9017/tracker1/`` and ``http://yourhost:9017/tracker2/``. The arguments after ``roundup-app:latest`` are arguments including tracker paths that are passed to ``roundup-server``. Docker-compose Deployment ------------------------- If you want to run using the mysql backend, you can use docker-compose with ``scripts/Docker/docker-compose.yml``. This will run Roundup and MySQL in containers. Directions for building using docker-compose are at the top of the yml file. Tags for Dockerhub Docker Images -------------------------------- The docker images available from https://hub.docker.com/r/rounduptracker/roundup are tagged with: version-build, version, and ``latest`` tags. Only production releases (not pre-releases) are tagged this way. For example, the tags when 2.3.0 is released will be: ``rounduptracker/roundup:latest`` is a moving tag that tracks the latest build with the newest production version of Roundup using the current newest Alpine release with the versions of Python packages at the time of the build. ``rounduptracker/roundup:2.3.0`` is a moving tag that tracks the latest build of version 2.3.0 of Roundup. The Roundup software in this build will match the 2.3.0 version released on PyPi, but the underlying Alpine image or versions of the supporting Python libraries (redis, xapian, psycopg2, ...) will change. ``rounduptracker/roundup:2.3.0-1`` is a static tag and marks the first build of the version 2.3.0 docker image. When a new release of the image is done, it will get the tag ``2.3.0-2`` etc. This is an alternative to pulling using a sha256 sum. However it is possible to overwrite this image/tag. So it **does not** provide the same security guarantees that using a sha256 sum does. In addition to the release tags, there may be one or more development tags available. All tags will include `devel`. For example: ``rounduptracker/roundup:2.3.0b1-devel``, ``rounduptracker/roundup:devel`` You should not assume that any ``devel`` tag is static. They are mainly for use by Roundup developers/maintainers/testers for testing. There may be alternate tags ending with ``-devel`` to indicate builds from specific Mercurial versions/hashes. Also the tag may be overwritten to change the underlying Python libraries or images. Unless you like the bleeding edge, these should **not** be used in production. Maintenance =========== Read the `Tasks section of the administration guide `_ for information about how to perform common maintenance tasks on Roundup. Upgrading ========= Read the separate `upgrading document`_, which describes the steps needed to upgrade existing tracker trackers for each version of Roundup that is released. Further Reading =============== If you intend to use Roundup with anything other than the default templates, if you would like to hack on Roundup, or if you would like implementation details, you should read `Customising Roundup`_ and the `Roundup reference`_. Running Multiple Trackers ========================= Things to think about before you jump off the deep end and install multiple trackers, which involve additional URLs, user databases, email addresses, databases to back up, etc. 1. Do you want a tracker per product you sell/support? You can just add a new property to your issues called Product, and filter by that. See the customisation example `adding a new field to the classic schema`_. 2. Do you want to track internal software development issues and customer support issues separately? You can just set up an additional "issue" class called "cust_issues" in the same tracker, mimicing the normal "issue" class, but with different properties. See the customisation example `tracking different types of issues`_. Platform-Specific Notes ======================= Windows ------- .. index:: windows; choose non-default session/otk database Configure session database ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By default the session and one time key (OTK) databases default to using anydbm as the session store. Because GNU dbm and Ndbm are available on Linux, this is a reasonable default. However Windows doesn't have compiled libraries for these databases. So it defaults to "dumb" dbm which is written in Python and is slow. So we recommend using `some other backend for your session database`_. SQLite or Redis can be used if you don't want to run a separate supported RDBMS database server. .. index:: windows; add Roundup to path Windows command-line tools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To make the command-line tools accessible in Windows, you need to update the "Path" environment variable in the Registry via a dialog box. On Windows 2000 and later: 1) Press the "Start" button. 2) Choose "Settings" 3) Choose "Control Panel" 4) Choose "System" 5) Choose "Advanced" 6) Choose "Environmental Variables" 7) Add: "\Scripts" to the "Path" environmental variable. Where in 7) is the root directory (e.g., ``C:\Python27\Scripts``) of your Python installation. I understand that in XP, 2) above is not needed as "Control Panel" is directly accessible from "Start". I do not believe this is possible to do in previous versions of Windows. Use pip to install pyreadline3 for roundup-admin line editing If you install pyreadline3_ using pip, roundup-admin will support command line editing and history. This will remove the dreaded:: Note: command history and editing not available warning when starting roundup-admin. Windows Server ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To have the Roundup web server start up when your machine boots up, there are two different methods, the scheduler and installing the service. .. index:: windows; use scheduler for email integration .. _Using the Windows scheduler: 1. Using the Windows scheduler '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Set up the following in Scheduled Tasks (note, the following is for a cygwin setup): Run ``c:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -c "roundup-server TheProject=/opt/roundup/trackers/support"`` Start In ``C:\cygwin\opt\roundup\bin`` Schedule At System Startup To have the Roundup mail gateway run periodically to poll a POP email address, set up the following in Scheduled Tasks: Run ``c:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -c "roundup-mailgw /opt/roundup/trackers/support pop roundup:roundup@mail-server"`` Start In ``C:\cygwin\opt\roundup\bin`` Schedule Every 10 minutes from 5:00AM for 24 hours every day Stop the task if it runs for 8 minutes .. index:: windows; setup Roundup a service 2. Installing the roundup server as a Windows service ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' This is more Windows oriented and will make the Roundup server run as soon as the PC starts up without any need for a login or such. It will also be available in the normal Windows Administrative Tools. For this you need first to create a service ini file containing the relevant settings. 1. It is created if you execute the following command from within the scripts directory (notice the use of backslashes):: roundup-server -S -C \server.ini -n -p 8080 -l \trackerlog.log software=\Software where the item ```` is replaced with the physical directory that hosts all of your trackers. The ```` item is the name of your roundup server PC, such as w2003srv or similar. 2. Next open the now created file ``C:\DATA\roundup\server.ini`` file (if your ```` is ``C:\DATA\roundup``). Check the entries for correctness, especially this one:: [trackers] software = C:\DATA\Roundup\Software (this is an example where the tracker is named software and its home is ``C:\DATA\Roundup\Software``) 3. Next give the commands that actually installs and starts the service:: roundup-server -C C:\DATA\Roundup\server.ini -c install roundup-server -c start 4. Finally open the AdministrativeTools/Services applet and locate the Roundup service entry. Open its properties and change it to start automatically instead of manually. If you are using Apache as the webserver you might want to use it with mod_python instead to serve out Roundup. In that case see the mod_python instructions above for details. Linux ----- Make sure you read the instructions under `UNIX environment steps`_. Sendmail smrsh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you use Sendmail's ``smrsh`` mechanism, you will need to tell smrsh that roundup-mailgw is a valid/trusted mail handler before it will work. This is usually done via the following 2 steps: 1. make a symlink in ``/etc/smrsh`` called ``roundup-mailgw`` which points to the full path of your actual ``roundup-mailgw`` script. 2. change your alias to ``"|roundup-mailgw "`` Solaris ------- You'll need to build Python. Make sure you read the instructions under `UNIX environment steps`_. Problems? Testing your Python... ================================ .. note:: The ``run_tests.py`` script is not packaged in Roundup's source distribution anymore. You should install: * pytest, * requests, and * mock using your distributions package manger or using pip/pip2/pip3 to install pytest etc. for your Python version. See the `administration guide`_ for details. Remember to have a database user 'rounduptest' prepared (with password 'rounduptest'). This user must have at least the rights to create and drop databases. Documentation: details on `adding MySQL users`_, for PostgreSQL you want to call the ``createuser`` command with the ``-d`` option to allow database creation. This can only be done if you `install the source`_ distribution (steps 1-3) or from a `mercurial checkout <../code.html#get-sources>`_. It will not work if you used `pip install` as the test suite is not installed. Once you've unpacked roundup's source, if you have pytest installed, run ``python -m pytest test`` in the Roundup source directory and make sure there are no errors. If there are errors, please let us know! Note that redis tests uses database 15 of the redis server running on localhost.The tests verify that the database is empty before the redis tests start. If you use a password on your redis database it can be specified in the ``pytest_redis_pw`` environment variable when you run the test. .. _`user guide`: user_guide.html .. _`roundup specification`: spec.html .. _`tracker configuration`: reference.html#tracker-configuration .. _`customisation documentation`: customizing.html .. _`Roundup reference`: reference.html .. _`reference documentation`: reference.html .. _`preventing spam`: customizing.html#preventing-spam .. _`Adding a new field to the classic schema`: customizing.html#adding-a-new-field-to-the-classic-schema .. _`some other backend for your session database`: admin_guide.html#configuring-session-databases .. _`Tracking different types of issues`: customizing.html#tracking-different-types-of-issues .. _`customising roundup`: customizing.html .. _`upgrading document`: upgrading.html .. _`administration guide`: admin_guide.html .. _`What does Roundup install`: admin_guide.html#what-does-roundup-install .. _`doc/postgresql.txt`: postgresql.html .. _`doc/mysql.txt`: mysql.html .. _External hyperlink targets: .. _`adding MySQL users`: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/creating-accounts.html .. _apache: https://httpd.apache.org/ .. _beautifulsoup4: https://pypi.org/project/beautifulsoup4/ .. _brotli: https://pypi.org/project/Brotli/ .. _`developer's guide`: developers.html .. _defusedxml: https://pypi.org/project/defusedxml/ .. _docutils: https://pypi.org/project/docutils/ .. _flup: https://pypi.org/project/flup/ .. _gpg: https://www.gnupg.org/software/gpgme/index.html .. _jinja2: https://palletsprojects.com/projects/jinja/ .. _justhtml: https://pypi.org/project/justhtml/ .. _markdown: https://python-markdown.github.io/ .. _markdown2: https://github.com/trentm/python-markdown2 .. _mistune: https://pypi.org/project/mistune/ .. _mod_python: https://github.com/grisha/mod_python .. _mod_wsgi: https://pypi.org/project/mod-wsgi/ .. _MySQLdb: https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/ .. _nanoid: https://pypi.org/project/nanoid/ .. _Olson tz database: https://www.iana.org/time-zones .. _polib: https://polib.readthedocs.io .. _Psycopg2: https://www.psycopg.org/ .. _pyjwt: https://pypi.org/project/PyJWT/ .. _pyopenssl: https://pypi.org/project/pyOpenSSL/ .. _pyreadline3: https://pypi.org/project/pyreadline3/ .. _pysqlite: https://pysqlite.org/ .. _pytz: https://pypi.org/project/pytz/ .. _pywin32: https://pypi.org/project/pywin32/ .. _Redis: https://redis.io .. _redis-py: https://pypi.org/project/redis/ .. _requests: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ .. _Whoosh: https://whoosh.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ .. _Xapian: https://xapian.org/ .. _zstd: https://pypi.org/project/zstd/ code-951db0950174/doc/license.txt0000644000000000000000000000034415136273453014454 0ustar 00000000000000License ======= Roundup is Free Software under the following license (from the file COPYING.txt in the software distribution): .. raw:: html
.. include:: ../COPYING.txt .. raw:: html
code-951db0950174/doc/man_pages.txt0000644000000000000000000000067515136273453014773 0ustar 00000000000000.. meta:: :description: Links to man pages for the top level commands provided by Roundup. ==================== Roundup Manual Pages ==================== Roundup man pages have been formated as html for your use. * `roundup-admin `_ * `roundup-demo `_ * `roundup-mailgw `_ * `roundup-server `_ code-951db0950174/doc/mysql.txt0000644000000000000000000000660615136273453014206 0ustar 00000000000000.. index:: mysql; deployment notes ============= MySQL Backend ============= This notes detail the MySQL backend for the Roundup issue tracker. Prerequisites ============= To use MySQL as the backend for storing roundup data, you also need to install: 1. MySQL RDBMS 8.0.11 or higher - https://www.mysql.com/. Your MySQL installation MUST support InnoDB tables. 2. Python MySQL interface - https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/ Preparing the Database ====================== The Roundup user expects to be able to create and drop its database when using ``roundup_admin init``. In the examples below, replace ``roundupuser``, ``rounduppw`` and ``roundupdb`` with suitable values. This assumes you are running MySQL on the same host as you are running Roundup. If this is not the case, setting up remote credentials, SSL/TLS etc. is beyond the scope of this documentation. However examples are welcome on the wiki or mailing list. These references may be helpful: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-user.html and https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/grant.html. Creating a Role/User -------------------- The following command will create a ``roundupuser`` with the ability to create the database:: mysql -u root -e 'CREATE USER "roundupuser"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY "rounduppw"; GRANT ALL on roundupuser.* TO "roundupuser"@"localhost";' Other Configuration =================== If you are indexing large documents (e.g attached file contents) using MySQL, you may need to increase the max_allowed_packet size. If you don't you can see the error:: 'MySql Server has gone away (2006)' To do this edit /etc/my.conf and change:: [mysqld] max_allowed_packet = 1M the 'max_allowed_packet' value from '1M' to '64M' or larger. Alternatively you can install an alternate indexer (whoosh, xapian etc.) and force the tracker to use it by setting the ``indexer`` setting in the tracker's ``config.ini``. This fix was supplied by telsch. See issue https://issues.roundup-tracker.org/issue2550743 for further info or if you are interested in developing a patch to roundup to help work around this issue. Running the MySQL tests ======================= Roundup tests expect an empty MySQL database. Two alternate ways to provide this: 1. If you have root permissions on the MySQL server, you can create the necessary database entries using the following SQL sequence. Use ``mysql`` on the command line to enter:: CREATE DATABASE rounduptest; USE rounduptest; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON rounduptest.* TO rounduptest@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'rounduptest'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 2. If your administrator has provided you with database connection info, see the config values in 'test/db_test_base.py' about which database connection, name and user will be used. The MySQL database should not contain any tables. Tests will not drop the database with existing data. Note that ``rounduptest`` is a well known account. You should delete it and the ``rounduptest`` database and create a new user/database for production use. Showing MySQL who's boss ======================== If things ever get to the point where that test database is totally hosed, just:: $ su - # /etc/init.d/mysql stop # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/rounduptest # /etc/init.d/mysql start and all will be better (note that on some systems, ``mysql`` is spelt ``mysqld``). code-951db0950174/doc/overview.txt0000644000000000000000000005747415136273453014720 0ustar 00000000000000.. meta:: :description: Original proposal for the Roundup Issue Tracker. The problem it solves, and guiding principles. Presents the components of Roundup and how they interact. ======================================================= Roundup: an Issue-Tracking System for Knowledge Workers ======================================================= :Authors: Ka-Ping Yee (original_), Richard Jones (implementation) .. _original: original_overview.html .. contents:: Introduction ============ Roundup is an issue-tracking system called which will manage a number of issues (with properties such as "description", "priority", and so on) and provides the ability to: (a) submit new issues, (b) find and edit existing issues, and (c) discuss issues with other participants. Roundup facilitates communication among the participants by managing discussions and notifying interested parties when issues are edited. Background ---------- A typical software project requires the management of many tasks, usually distributed among several collaborators. In fact, any project team could use a tool for sorting out and discussing all the relevant issues. A common approach is to set up some kind of "to-do" list that people can share. However, to address the overall problem we need much more than just a shared to-do list; we need to manage a growing body of knowledge and experience to help a team collaborate effectively on a project. The issue-tracking tool becomes a nexus for communication: the Grand Central Station of the group intelligence. The primary focus of this design is to help developers work together well, not to provide a customer service interface to the developers. This is not to say that the design is to be made unsuitable for customers to use. Rather, it is assumed that many of the same qualities that are good for supporting development (see below) are also good for non-developers using the system. Additional niceties for providing a safe or simplified interface to clients are intentionally deferred for later consideration. A good issue-tracking system should have at least the following properties: **Low barrier to participation** The usefulness of the tool depends entirely on the information people contribute to it. It must be made as easy as possible to submit new issues and contribute information about existing issues. **Straightforward navigation** It should be easy for users to extract information they need from the system to direct their decisions and tasks. They should be able to get a decent overview of things as well as finding specific information when they know what they're after. **Controlled information flow** The users must have control over how much information and what information they get. A common flaw of some issue-tracking systems is that they inundate users with so much useless e-mail that people avoid the system altogether. With a nod to the time-honoured computer science tradition of "filling in the fourth quadrant", we note that there are really four kinds of information flow going on here. The three mentioned qualities really address the first three quadrants of this 2-by-2 matrix, respectively: 1. User push: a user submits information to the system. 2. User pull: a user queries for information from the system. 3. System push: the system sends information out to users. 4. System pull: the system solicits information from users. An example of the fourth kind of flow is voting. Voting isn't described in this design, but it should be noted as a potential enhancement. Guiding Principles ------------------ **Simplicity** It is a strong requirement that the tool be accessible and understandable. It should be fairly obvious what different parts of the interface do, and the inner mechanisms should operate in ways that most users can easily predict. **Efficiency** We aim to optimize for minimum effort to do the most common operations, and best use of resources like screen real estate to maximize the amount of information that we summarize and present. **Generality** We try to avoid making unnecessary assumptions that would restrict the applicability of the tool. For example, there is no reason why one might not also want to use this tool to manage a design process, non-software projects, or organizational decisions. **Persistence** We prefer hiding or reclassifying information to deleting it. This helps support the collection of statistics later. If records are never destroyed, there is little danger in providing access to a larger community, and logging yields accountability, which may encourage better behaviour. Data Model ========== Roundup stores a number of *items*, each of which can have several properties and an associated discussion. The properties can be used to classify or search for items. The discussion is a sequence of e-mail messages. Each item is identified by a unique number, and has an activity log which records the time and content of edits made on its properties. The log stays fairly small since the design intentionally provides only small data types as item properties, and encourages anything large to be attached to e-mail where it becomes part of the discussion. The next section explains how items are organized. The Hyperdatabase ----------------- Often when classifying information we are asked to select exactly one of a number of categories or to fit it into a rigid hierarchy. Yet things only sometimes fall into one category; often, a piece of information may be related to several concepts. For example, forcing each item into a single keyword category is not just suboptimal but counterproductive: seekers of that item may expect to find it in a different category and conclude that the item is not present in the database -- which has them *worse* off than if the items were not categorized at all. Some systems try to alleviate this problem by allowing items to appear at multiple locations in a tree, as with "aliases" or "symbolic links" in a filesystem, for example. This does help somewhat, but we want to be even more flexible by allowing the organization of items into sets that may freely intersect. Rather than putting each item at exactly one place in an overall "grand scheme", a item can belong to as many sets as are appropriate. If we choose to represent the sets themselves as items and set membership as a link between items, we're now ready to present the definition of a hyperdatabase. A *hyperdatabase* is a collection of *items* that may be hyperlinked to each other (hence the name "hyperdatabase"). Each item carries a collection of key-value pairs, where some of the values may be links to other items. Any item may have an arbitrary number of outgoing and incoming links. Hyperdatabases are able to efficiently answer queries such as "what items link to this item?" and "what items does this item link to?" Rationale --------- There are several reasons for building our own kind of database for Roundup rather than using an existing one. Requiring the installation of a full-blown third-party SQL database system would probably deter many potential users from attempting to set up Roundup; yet a real relational database would be too complicated to implement on our own. On the other hand, a hyperdatabase can be implemented fairly easily using one of the Python DBM modules, so we can take the "batteries-included" approach and provide it as part of the system. It's easier to build and understand than a true relational database (in accordance with our guiding principle of *simplicity*), but provides most of the query functionality we want. A hyperdatabase is well suited for finding the intersection of a number of sets in which items belong. We expect that most of the queries people want to do will be of this form, rather than complicated SQL queries. For example, a typical request might be "show me all critical items related to security". The ability to store arbitrary key-value pairs and links on items gives it more flexibility than an RDBMS. Users are not going to be making thousands of queries per second, so it makes sense to optimize for simplicity and flexibility rather than performance. .. img: images/hyperdb.png Roundup's Hyperdatabase ----------------------- For our application, we store each item as a item in a hyperdatabase. The item's properties are stored as key-value pairs on its item. Several types of properties are allowed: *string*, *number*, *boolean*, *date*, *interval, *link*, and *multlink*. Another type, *password*, is a special type of string and it's only used internally to Roundup. The *string* type is for short, free-form strings. String properties are not intended to contain large amounts of text, and it is recommended that they be presented as one-line fields to encourage brevity. A *number* is a special type of string that represents a numeric value. A *boolean* is further constrained to be a *true* or *false* value. The *date* type is for calendar dates and times. An *interval* is the time between two dates. The *link* type denotes a single selection from a number of options. A *link* property entails a link from the item possessing the property to the item representing the chosen option. The *multilink* type is for a list of links to any number of other items in the in the database. A *multilink* property, for example, can be used to refer to related items or keyword categories relevant to an item. For Roundup, all items have four properties that are not customisable: 1. a *date* property named **creation** 2. a *link* property named **creator** 3. a *date* property named **activity** These properties represent the date of the creation of the item, who created it, and when the last change was made. Further, all *issue* items have an additional four properties: 1. a *string* property named **title** 2. a *multilink* property named **nosy** 3. a *multilink* property named **messages** 4. a *multilink* property named **files** 5. a *multilink* property named **superseder** The **title** property is a short one-line description of the item. The detailed description can go in the first e-mail message of the item's messages spool. The **nosy** property contains a list of the people who are interested in an item. This mechanism is explained in the section on `Submission and Discussion`_. Each message added to the item goes in the **messages** spool - any attached files go in the **files** spool. The **superseder** property is used to support the splitting, joining, or replacing of items. When several items need to be joined into a single item, all the old items link to the new item in their **superseder** property. When an item needs to be split apart, the item references all the new items in its **superseder** propety. We can easily list all active items just by checking for an empty **superseder** property, and trace the path of an item's origins by querying the hyperdatabase for links. Users of the system are also represented by items in the hyperdatabase, containing properties like the user's e-mail address, login name, and password. The Default Schema ------------------ It is hoped that the hyperdatabase together with the specializations mentioned above for Roundup will be applicable in a variety of situations (in accordance with our guiding principle of *generality*). To address the problem at hand, we need a specific schema for items applied particularly to software development. Again, we are trying to keep the schema simple: too many options make it tougher for someone to make a good choice:: # IssueClass automatically gets these properties: # title = String() # messages = Multilink("msg") # files = Multilink("file") # nosy = Multilink("user") # superseder = Multilink("issue") # (it also gets the Class properties creation, activity and creator) issue = IssueClass(db, "issue", assignedto=Link("user"), keyword=Multilink("keyword"), priority=Link("priority"), status=Link("status")) The **assignedto** property assigns responsibility for an item to a person or a list of people. The **keyword** property places the item in an arbitrary number of relevant keyword sets (see the section on `Browsing and Searching`_). The **prority** and **status** values are initially: =========== ===================================== Priority Description =========== ===================================== "critical" panic: work is stopped! "urgent" important, but not deadly "bug" lost work or incorrect results "feature" want missing functionality "wish" avoidable bugs, missing conveniences =========== ===================================== ============= ===================================== Status Description ============= ===================================== "unread" submitted but no action yet "deferred" intentionally set aside "chatting" under review or seeking clarification "need-eg" need a reproducible example of a bug "in-progress" understood; development in progress "testing" we think it's done; others, please test "done-cbb" okay for now, but could be better "resolved" fix has been released ============= ===================================== As previously mentioned, each item gets an activity log. Whenever a property on an item is changed, the log records the time of the change, the user making the change, and the old and new values of the property. This permits the later gathering of statistics (for example, the average time from submission to resolution). We do not specify or enforce a state transition graph, since making the system rigid in that fashion is probably more trouble than it's worth. Experience has shown that there are probably two convenient automatic state transitions: 1. from **unread** to **chatting** when e-mail is written about an item 2. from **testing** to **resolved** when a new release of the software is made Beyond these, in accordance with our principle of *generality*, we allow access to the hyperdatabase API so that scripts can automate transitions themselves or be triggered by changes in the database. User Interface ============== Roundup provides its services through two main interfaces: e-mail and the Web. This division is chosen to optimize the most common tasks. E-mail is best suited for the submission of new items since most people are most comfortable with composing long messages in their own favourite e-mail client. E-mail also permits them to mention URLs or attach files relevant to their submission. Indeed, in many cases people are already used to making requests by sending e-mail to a mailing list of people; they can do exactly the same thing to use Roundup without even thinking about it. Similarly, people are already familiar with holding discussions in e-mail, and plenty of valuable usage conventions and software tools already exist for that medium. The Web, on the other hand, is best suited for summarizing and seeking information, because it can present an interactive overview of items. Since the Web has forms, it's also the best place to edit items. Submission and Discussion ------------------------- The system needs an address for receiving mail and an address that forwards mail to all participants. Each item has its own list of interested parties, known as its *nosy list*. Here's how nosy lists work: 1. New items are always submitted by sending an e-mail message to Roundup. The "Subject:" field becomes the description of the new item. The message is saved in the mail spool of the new item, and copied to the list of all participants so everyone knows that a new item has been added. The new item's nosy list initially contains the submitter. 2. All e-mail messages sent by Roundup have their "Reply-To:" field set to Roundup's address, and have the item's number in the "Subject:" field. Thus, any replies to the initial announcement and subsequent threads are all received by Roundup. Roundup notes the item number in the "Subject:" field of each incoming message and appends the message to the appropriate spool. 3. Any incoming e-mail tagged with an item number is copied to all the people on the item's nosy list, and any users found in the "From:", "To:", or "Cc:" fields are automatically added to the nosy list. Whenever a user edits an item's properties in the Web interface, they are also added to the nosy list. The effect is like each item having its own little mailing list, except that no one ever has to worry about subscribing to anything. Indicating interest in an issue is sufficient, and if you want to bring someone new into the conversation, all you need to do is "Cc:" a message to them. It turns out that no one ever has to worry about unsubscribing, either: the nosy lists are so specific in scope that the conversation tends to die down by itself when the issue is resolved or people no longer find it sufficiently important. Each nosy list is like an asynchronous chat room, lasting only a short time (typically five or ten messages) and involving a small group of people. However, that group is the *right* group of people: only those who express interest in an item in some way ever end up on the list, so no one gets spammed with mail they don't care about, and no one who *wants* to see mail about a particular item needs to be left out, for they can easily join in, and just as easily look at the mail spool on an item to catch up on any messages they might have missed. We can take this a step further and permit users to monitor particular keywords or classifications of items by allowing other kinds of items to also have their own nosy lists. For example, a manager could be on the nosy list of the priority value item for "critical", or a developer could be on the nosy list of the keyword value item for "security". The recipients are then determined by the union of the nosy lists on the item and all the items it links to. Using many small, specific mailing lists results in much more effective communication than one big list. Taking away the effort of subscribing and unsubscribing gives these lists the "feel" of being cheap and disposable. The transparent capture of the mail spool attached to each issue also yields a nice knowledge repository over time. Editing ------- Since Roundup is intended to support arbitrary user-defined schema for item properties, the editing interface must be automatically generated from the schema. The configuration for Roundup will include a template describing how to lay out the properties to present a UI for inspecting and editing items. For example:: Priority priority Status status To display the editing form for an item, Roundup inserts an HTML form widget where it encounters an expression like ``tal:content="structure context/priority/menu"``. Each type has its own appropriate editing widget: - *string* and *number* properties appear as text fields - *boolean* properties appear as a yes/no selection - *date* and *interval* properties appear as text fields - *link* properties appear as selection lists - *multilink* properties appear as multiple-selection lists or text fields with pop-up widgets for larger selections. We foresee the use of custom date fields for things like deadlines, so input fields for *date* properties support a simple way of specifying relative dates (such as "3w" for "three weeks from now"). The **superseder** property is a special case: although it is more efficient to store a **superseder** property in the superseded item, it makes more sense to provide a "supersedes" edit field on the superseding item. We use a special widget on items for this purpose (a text field containing a comma-separated list of items). Links in the **superseder** property appear on both the superseding and superseded items to facilitate navigating an item's pedigree. After the editing widgets, the item inspection page shows a "note" text box and then a display of the messages in the discussion spool. This field lets you enter a note explaining your change when you edit the item, and the note is included in the notification message that goes out to tell the interested parties on the nosy list of your edits. Browsing and Searching ---------------------- The ideal we would like to achieve is to make searching as much like browsing as possible: the user simply clicks about on things that seem interesting, and the information narrows down comfortably until the goal is in sight. This is preferable to trying to digest a screen filled with widgets and buttons or entering a search expression in some arcane algebraic syntax. While a one-shot search may be appropriate when you're looking for a single item and you know exactly what you want, it's not very helpful when you want an overview of things ("Gee, there are a lot more high-priority items than there were last week!") or trying to do comparisons ("I have some time today, so who is busiest and could most use some help?") The browsing interface presents filtering functionality for each of the properties in the schema. As with editing, the interface is generated from a template describing how to lay out the properties. Each type of property has its own appropriate filtering widget: - *string* properties appear as text fields supporting case-insensitive substring match - *date* properties appear as a text field which accepts a date range with start, end or both. Multiple date ranges can be specified separated by a comma. An empty date can be searched for by specifying '-' instead of a date range - *link* properties appear as a group of selectable options (the filter selects the *union* of the sets of items associated with the active options) - *multilink* properties appear as a group of selectable options (the filter selects the *intersection* of the sets of items associated with the active options) For a *multilink* property like **keyword**, one possibility is to show, as hyperlinks, the keywords whose sets have non-empty intersections with the currently displayed set of items. Sorting the keywords by popularity seems reasonable. Clicking on a keyword then narrows both the list of items and the list of keywords. This gives some of the feel of walking around a directory tree -- but without the restriction of having to select keywords in a particular hierarchical order, and without the need to travel all the way to the leaves of the tree before any items are visible. Below the filtering form is a listing of items, with their properties displayed in a table. Rows in the table are generated from a template, as with the editing interface. This listing is the central overview of the system, and it should aim to maximize the density of useful information in accordance with our guiding principle of *efficiency*. Colour may be used to indicate the status of each item to help the eye sift through the index quickly. Roundup sorts items in groups by priority, and then within groups by the date of last activity. This reveals at a glance where discussion is most active, and provides an easy way for anyone to move an issue up in the list. The page produced by a given set of browsing options constitutes an *index*. The options should all be part of the query parameters in the URL so that views may be bookmarked. An index specifies: - search strings for string properties - date ranges for date properties - acceptable values for choice properties - required values for reference properties - a sorting key - a grouping key - a list of properties for which to display filtering widgets Our default index is: - all **status** values except "resolved" - show **priority** and **fixer** - grouping by **priority** in sections - sorting by decreasing **activity** date The starting URL for Roundup immediately presents the listing of items generated by this default index, with no preceding query screen. code-951db0950174/doc/postgresql.txt0000644000000000000000000001054615136273453015242 0ustar 00000000000000.. index:: postgres; deployment notes ========================== PostgreSQL/psycopg Backend ========================== This are notes about PostqreSQL backend based on the psycopg adapter for Roundup issue tracker. Prerequisites ============= To use PostgreSQL as backend for storing roundup data, you should additionally install: 1. PostgreSQL_ 8.x or higher 2. The psycopg_ python interface to PostgreSQL_ Note that you currently need at least version 2.8 of psycopg_ -- the postgresql backend will work with 2.7 but if you're using the native postgresql indexer you need at least 2.8. Also if you want to run the tests, these also need 2.8. If your distribution has an older version we suggest that you install into a python virtual environment. .. _psycopg: https://www.psycopg.org/ .. _PostgreSQL: https://www.postgresql.org/ Preparing the Database ====================== Roundup can use Postgres in one of two ways: 1. Roundup creates and uses a database 2. Roundup uses a pre-created database and creates and uses a schema under the database. In the examples below, replace ``roundupuser``, ``rounduppw`` and ``roundupdb`` with suitable values. This assumes that you are running Postgres on the same machine with Roundup. Using a remote database, setting up SSL/TLS and other authentication methods is beyond the scope of this documentation. However examples are welcome on the wiki or mailing list. Creating a Role/User -------------------- For case 1 (Roundup user creates and uses a database) create a user using:: psql -c "CREATE ROLE roundupuser WITH CREATEDB LOGIN PASSWORD 'rounduppw';" -U postgres After running ``roundup-admin init`` to create your databases, you can remove the CREATEDB permission using:: psql -c "ALTER ROLE roundupuser NOCREATEDB;" If needed (e.g. you want to deploy a new tracker) you can use ``ALTER ROLE`` with ``CREATEDB`` to add the permission back. For case 2 (Roundup user uses a schema under a pre-created database) you need to create the user:: psql -c "CREATE ROLE roundupuser LOGIN PASSWORD 'rounduppw';" -U postgres This psql command connects as the postgres database superuser. You may need to run this under sudo as the postgres user or provide a password to become an admin on the postgres db process. Creating a Database ------------------- For case 1, roundup will create the database on demand using the ``roundup_admin init`` command. So there is nothing to do here. For case 2, run:: psql -c "CREATE DATABASE roundupdb;GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE roundupdb TO roundupuser;" -U postgres This creates the database and allows the roundup user to create a new schema when running ``roundup_admin init``. Running the PostgreSQL unit tests ================================= The user that you're running the tests as will need to be able to access the postgresql database on the local machine and create and drop databases and schemas. See the config values in 'test/db_test_base.py' about which database connection, name and user will be used. At this time the following commands will setup the users and required databases:: sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE ROLE rounduptest WITH CREATEDB LOGIN PASSWORD 'rounduptest';" -U postgres sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE ROLE rounduptest_schema LOGIN PASSWORD 'rounduptest';" -U postgres sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE DATABASE rounduptest_schema;GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE rounduptest_schema TO rounduptest_schema;" -U postgres Note ``rounduptest`` and ``rounduptest_schema`` are well known accounts, so you should remove/disable the accounts after testing and set up a suitable production account. You need to remove any database owned by ``rounduptest`` first. To clean everything up, something like this should work:: sudo -u postgres psql -c "DROP DATABASE rounduptest;" -U postgres sudo -u postgres psql -c "DROP ROLE rounduptest;" -U postgres sudo -u postgres psql -c "DROP DATABASE rounduptest_schema;" -U postgres sudo -u postgres psql -c "DROP ROLE rounduptest_schema;" -U postgres If the ``rounduptest`` database is left in a broken state (e.g. because of a crash during testing) dropping the database and restarting the tests should fix it. If you have issues while running the schema test, you can drop the ``rounduptest` schema in the ``rounduptest_schema`` database. Credit ====== The postgresql backend was originally submitted by Federico Di Gregorio code-951db0950174/doc/pydoc.txt0000644000000000000000000000174615136273453014157 0ustar 00000000000000================================ Embedded documentation from code ================================ .. contents:: :local: The following are embedded documentation selected from the Roundup code base. You can see the same information using the ``help`` function after importing the modules. Client class ============ .. autoclass:: roundup.cgi.client::Client :members: CGI Action class ================ Action class and selected derived classes. Action ------ .. autoclass:: roundup.cgi.actions::Action :members: LoginAction ------------ .. autoclass:: roundup.cgi.actions::LoginAction :members: .. _`ReauthAction_pydoc`: ReauthAction ------------ .. autoclass:: roundup.cgi.actions::ReauthAction :members: Templating Utils class ====================== .. autoclass:: roundup.cgi.templating::TemplatingUtils :members: Logcontext Module ================= .. _logcontext_pydoc: .. automodule:: roundup.logcontext :members: :exclude-members: SimpleSentinel code-951db0950174/doc/reference.txt0000644000000000000000000051356215136273453015003 0ustar 00000000000000.. meta:: :description: Reference for the internals of Roundup. Includes background information for cookbook and how-to examples. Reference for the design and internals needed to understand and extend the examples to meet new needs. :tocdepth: 2 ================= Roundup Reference ================= .. admonition:: Welcome This document was part of the `customisation document`_. The customisation document was getting large and unwieldy. The combination of examples and internal information that made finding information difficult. Questions raised on the mailing list were well answered in the customisation document, but finding the info was difficult. The documentation is slowly being reorganized using the `Diataxis framework`_. Help with the reorganization is welcome. This document provides background for the tutorials or how-tos in the customisation document. .. _customisation document: customizing.html .. _diataxis framework: https://diataxis.fr/ .. This document borrows from the ZopeBook section on ZPT. The original was at: http://www.zope.org/Documentation/Books/ZopeBook/current/ZPT.stx .. contents:: :depth: 2 :local: Trackers in a Nutshell ====================== Trackers have the following structure: .. index:: single: tracker; structure db directory single: tracker; structure detectors directory single: tracker; structure extensions directory single: tracker; structure html directory single: tracker; structure html directory single: tracker; structure lib directory .. table:: :class: valign-top =================== ======================================================== Tracker File Description =================== ======================================================== config.ini Holds the basic `tracker configuration`_ schema.py Holds the `tracker schema`_ initial_data.py Loads initial data into the tracker (status, priority ...) when initializing the tracker (optional) interfaces.py Allows `modifying the core of Roundup`_ (optional) db/ Holds the tracker's database db/files/ Holds the tracker's uploaded files and message db/backend_name Names the database back-end for the tracker (obsolete). Use the ``backend`` setting in the ``[rdbms]`` section of ``config.ini`` instead. detectors/ `Auditors and reactors`_ for this tracker extensions/ Additional `actions`_ and `templating utilities`_ html/ Web interface templates, images and style sheets lib/ optional common imports for detectors and extensions =================== ======================================================== .. index:: config.ini .. index:: configuration; see config.ini Tracker Configuration ===================== The ``config.ini`` located in your tracker home contains the basic configuration for the web and e-mail components of Roundup's interfaces. The `tracker schema`_ defines the data captured by your tracker. It also defines the permissions used when accessing the data: see the `security / access controls`_ section. For example, you must grant the "Anonymous" Role the "Email Access" Permission to allow users to automatically register through the email interface,. .. index:: single: config.ini; sections see: configuration; config.ini The following is taken from the `Python Library Reference`__ (July 18, 2018) section "ConfigParser -- Configuration file parser": The configuration file consists of sections, led by a [section] header and followed by name: value entries, with continuations in the style of RFC 822 (see section 3.1.1, “LONG HEADER FIELDS”); name=value is also accepted. Note that leading whitespace is removed from values. The optional values can contain format strings which refer to other values in the same section, or values in a special DEFAULT section. Additional defaults can be provided on initialization and retrieval. Lines beginning with '#' or ';' are ignored and may be used to provide comments. For example:: [My Section] foodir = %(dir)s/whatever dir = frob would resolve the "%(dir)s" to the value of "dir" ("frob" in this case) resulting in "foodir" being "frob/whatever". The reference above discusses using the ``[DEFAULT]`` section and interpolation. For example:: [DEFAULT] local_admin_email = admin@example.com [main] admin_email = %(local_admin_email)s will set the admin_email setting. This works when running the tracker. When upgrading Roundup using ``updateconfig`` to create a new ``config.ini``, the ``DEFAULT`` section is not preserved and interpolation tokens (e.g. ``%(local_admin_email)s`` are replaced with their values (``admin@example.com``). This may be fixed in a future release of Roundup. Note that you can not reference settings in the ``DEFAULT`` section from Roundup. They are only useful when interpolated into a defined setting. __ https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html A default ``config.ini`` file broken into sections is shown below. .. include:: tracker_config.txt Additional notes: The ``[rdbms]`` service defines the Connection Service for your PostgreSQL connection when using a system-wide pg_service.conf or ~/.pg_service.conf as discussed in https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-pgservice.html. Setting this to the name of the service allows different trackers to connect to different services when running multiple trackers under one Roundup server. If you are only running one tracker, you can set the PGSERVICE environment variable. Note that other settings specified in this file (rdbms: user, password, port, host, (db)name) will override the corresponding connection service setting. .. index:: single: roundup-admin; config.ini update single: roundup-admin; config.ini create single: config.ini; create single: config.ini; update You may generate a new default config file using the ``roundup-admin genconfig`` command. You can generate a new config file merging in existing settings using the ``roundup-admin updateconfig`` command. Configuration variables may be referred to in lower or upper case. In code, refer to variables not in the "main" section using their section and name, so "domain" in the section "mail" becomes MAIL_DOMAIN. .. index:: pair: configuration; extensions pair: configuration; detectors Extending the configuration file -------------------------------- You can't add new variables to the config.ini file in the tracker home but you can add two new config.ini files: - a config.ini in the ``extensions`` directory is loaded and attached to the config variable as "ext". - a config.ini in the ``detectors`` directory is loaded and attached to the config variable as "detectors". These configuration files support the same operations as the main ``config.ini`` file. This included a ``DEFAULT`` section and interpolation. Note that you can not reference settings in the ``DEFAULT`` section from Roundup. They can only be used for interpolation. For example, the following in ``detectors/config.ini``:: [main] qa_recipients = email@example.com is accessible as:: db.config.detectors['QA_RECIPIENTS'] Note that the name grouping applied to the main configuration file is applied to the extension config files, so if you instead have:: [qa] recipients = email@example.com then the above ``db.config.detectors['QA_RECIPIENTS']`` will still work. Unlike values in the tracker's main ``config.ini``, the values defined in these config files are not validated. For example: a setting that is supposed to be an integer value (e.g. 4) could be the word "foo". If you are writing Python code that uses these settings, you should expect to handle invalid values. Also, incorrect values are discovered when the config setting is used not set. This can be long after the tracker is started and the error may not be seen in the logs. It's possible to validate these settings. Validation involves calling the ``update_options`` method on the configuration option. This can be done by the ``init()`` function in the Python files implementing extensions_ or detectors_. As an example, adding the following to an extension:: from roundup.configuration import SecretMandatoryOption def init(instance): instance.config.ext.update_option('RECAPTCHA_SECRET', SecretMandatoryOption,description="Secret securing reCaptcha.") similarly for a detector:: from roundup.configuration import MailAddressOption def init(db): try: db.config.detectors.update_option('QA_RECIPIENTS', MailAddressOption, description="Email used for QA comment followup.") except KeyError: # COMMENT_EMAIL setting is not found, but it's optional # so continue pass will allow reading the secret from a file or append the tracker domain to an email address if it does not have a domain. Running ``roundup-admin -i tracker_home display user1`` will validate the settings for both config.ini`s. Otherwise detector options are not validated until the first request to the web interface (or email gateway). ``update_option`` takes 4 arguments: 1. config setting name - string (positional, mandatory) 2. option type - Option derived class from configuration.py (positional, mandatory) 3. default value - string (optional, named default) 4. description - string (optional, named description) The first argument is the config setting name as described at the beginning of this section. The second argument is a class in the roundup.configuration module. There are many of these classes: BooleanOption, IntegerNumberOption, RegExpOption.... Please see the configuration module for all Option validators and their descriptions. You can also define your own custom validator in `interfaces.py`_. The third and fourth arguments are optional strings. They are printed when there is an error and may help the user correct the problem. .. index:: ! schema Tracker Schema ============== .. note:: if you modify the schema, you'll most likely need to edit the `web interface`_ HTML template files and `detectors`_ to reflect your changes. A tracker schema defines what data is stored in the tracker's database. Schemas are defined using Python code in the ``schema.py`` module of your tracker. .. index:: schema; allowed changes What you can/can't do to the schema ----------------------------------- Your schema may be changed at any time before or after the tracker has been initialised (or used). You may: **Add new properties to classes, or add whole new classes** This is painless and easy to do - there are generally no repercussions from adding new information to a tracker's schema. **Remove properties** Removing properties is a little more tricky - you need to make sure that the property is no longer used in the `web interface`_ *or* by the detectors_. You must never: **Remove the user class** This class is the only *required* class in Roundup. **Remove the "username", "address", "password", "roles" or "realname" user properties** Various parts of Roundup require these properties. Don't remove them. **Change the type of a property** Property types must *never* [1]_ be changed - the database simply doesn't take this kind of action into account. Note that you can't just remove a property and re-add it as a new type either. If you wanted to make the assignedto property a Multilink, you'd need to create a new property assignedto_list and remove the old assignedto property. .. [1] If you shut down the tracker, `export the database`_, modify the exported csv property data to be compatible with the new type, change the property type in the schema, and finally import the changed exported data, you can change the property type. This is not trivial nor for the faint of heart. But it can be done. .. _export the database: admin_guide.html#using-roundup-admin The ``schema.py`` and ``initial_data.py`` modules ------------------------------------------------- The schema.py module is used to define what your tracker looks like on the inside, the schema of the tracker. It defines the Classes and properties on each class. It also defines the security for those Classes. The next few sections describe how schemas work and what you can do with them. The initial_data.py module sets up the initial state of your tracker. It’s called exactly once - by the ``roundup-admin initialise`` command. See the start of the section on `database content`_ for more info about how this works. .. index:: schema; classic - description of The "classic" schema -------------------- The "classic" schema looks like this (see section `setkey(property)`_ below for the meaning of ``'setkey'`` -- you may also want to look into the sections `setlabelprop(property)`_ and `setorderprop(property)`_ for specifying (default) labelling and ordering of classes.):: pri = Class(db, "priority", name=String(), order=String()) pri.setkey("name") stat = Class(db, "status", name=String(), order=String()) stat.setkey("name") keyword = Class(db, "keyword", name=String()) keyword.setkey("name") user = Class(db, "user", username=String(), organisation=String(), password=String(), address=String(), realname=String(), phone=String(), alternate_addresses=String(), queries=Multilink('query'), roles=String(), timezone=String()) user.setkey("username") msg = FileClass(db, "msg", author=Link("user"), summary=String(), date=Date(), recipients=Multilink("user"), files=Multilink("file"), messageid=String(), inreplyto=String()) file = FileClass(db, "file", name=String()) issue = IssueClass(db, "issue", keyword=Multilink("keyword"), status=Link("status"), assignedto=Link("user"), priority=Link("priority")) issue.setkey('title') .. index:: schema; classes and properties Classes and Properties - creating a new information store --------------------------------------------------------- The tracker above, defines 7 classes of information: priority Defines the possible levels of urgency for issues. status Defines the possible states of processing the issue may be in. keyword Initially empty, will hold keywords useful for searching issues. user Initially holding the "admin" user, will eventually have an entry for all users using Roundup. msg Initially empty, will hold all e-mail messages sent to or generated by Roundup. file Initially empty, will hold all files attached to issues. issue Initially empty, this is where the issue information is stored. It defines the "priority" and "status" classes to allow two things: 1. reduction in the amount of information stored on the issue 2. more powerful, accurate searching of issues by priority and status By requiring a link on the issue (stored as a single number) the chance that someone mis-types a priority or status - or makes a new one up is reduced. Class names access items of that class in the `REST api`_ interface. The classic tracker was created before the REST interface was added. It uses the single form (i.e. issue and user not issues and users) for its classes. Most REST documentation suggests using plural forms. However, to make your API consistent, use singular forms for classes that you add. .. index:: schema; classes schema; items Class and Items ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A Class defines a particular class (or type) of data that will be stored in the database. A class comprises one or more properties, which gives the information about the class items. The actual data entered into the database, using ``class.create()``, are called items. They have a special immutable property called ``'id'``. We sometimes refer to this as the *itemid*. .. index:: schema; property types Properties ~~~~~~~~~~ A Class consists of one or more properties of the following types: Boolean properties store on/off, yes/no, true/false values. Date properties store date-and-time stamps. Their values are Timestamp objects. Integer properties store integer values. (Number can store real/float values.) Interval properties store time periods rather than absolute dates. For example 2 hours. Link properties refers to a single item selected from a specified class. The class is part of the property; the value is an integer, the id of the chosen item. Multilink properties refer to one or more items in a specified class. The value is a list of integers. Number properties store numeric values. There is an option to use double-precision floating point numbers. Password properties store encoded arbitrary-length strings. The default encoding is defined in the ``roundup.password.Password`` class. String properties store arbitrary-length strings. Properties have attributes to change the default behaviour: .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; required triple: schema; property attributes; default_value triple: schema; property attributes; quiet * All properties support the following attributes: - ``required``: see `design documentation`_. Adds the property to the list returned by calling get_required_props for the class. - ``default_value``: see `design documentation`_ Sets the default value if the property is not set. - ``quiet``: see `design documentation`_. Suppresses reporting user visible changes to this property. The property change is not reported: - in the change feedback/confirmation message in the web interface - the property change section of the nosy email - the web history at the bottom of an item's page This is useful when storing the state of the user interface (e.g. the names of elements that are collapsed or hidden from the user). Properties updates as an indirect result of a user's change (e.g. updating a blockers property, counting number of times an issue is reopened or reassigned etc.) should not be displayed to the user as they can be confusing. .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; indexme * String properties have an ``indexme`` attribute. The default is 'no'. Setting it to 'yes' includes the property in the full text index. .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; use_double * Number properties can have a ``use_double`` attribute that, when set to ``True``, will use double precision floating point in the database. * Link and Multilink properties can have several attributes: .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; do_journal - ``do_journal``: By default, every change of a link property is recorded in the item being linked to (or being unlinked). A typical use-case for setting ``do_journal='no'`` would be to turn off journalling of nosy list, message author and message recipient link and unlink events to prevent the journal from clogged with these events. .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; try_id_parsing - ``try_id_parsing`` is turned on by default. If a number is entered into a Link or Multilink field, Roundup interprets this number as an ID of the item to link to. Sometimes items can have numeric names (e.g., product codes). For these Roundup needs to match the numeric name and should never match an ID. In this case you can set ``try_id_parsing='no'``. .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; rev_multilink - The ``rev_multilink`` option takes a property name to be inserted into the linked-to class. This property is a Multilink property that links back to the current class. The new Multilink is read-only (it is automatically modified if the Link or Multilink property defining it is modified). The new property can be used in normal searches using the "filter" method of the Class. This means it can be used like other Multilink properties when searching (in an index template) or via the REST and XMLRPC APIs. As a example, suppose you want to group multiple issues into a super issue. Each issue can be part of one super issue. It is inefficient to find all of the issues linked to the super issue by searching through all issues in the system looking at the part_of link property. To make this more efficient, you can declare an issue's part_of property as:: issue = IssueClass(db, "issue", ... part_of = Link("issue", rev_multilink="components"), ... ) This automatically creates the ``components`` multilink on the issue class. The ``components`` multilink is never explicitly declared in the issue class, but it has the same effect as though you had declared the class as:: issue = IssueClass(db, "issue", ... part_of = Link("issue"), components = Multilink("issue"), ... ) Then wrote a detector to update the components property on the corresponding issue. Writing this detector can be tricky. There is one other difference, you can not explicitly set/modify the ``components`` multilink. The effect of setting ``part_of = 3456`` on issue1234 automatically adds "1234" to the ``components`` property on issue3456. You can search the ``components`` multilink just like a regular multilink, but you can't explicitly assign to it. Another difference of reverse multilinks to normal multilinks is that when a linked node is retired, the node vanishes from the multilink. In the example above, when issue 1234 with ``part_of`` set to issue 5678 is retired, 1234 vanishes from the ``components`` multilink of issue 5678. You can also link between different classes. If the issue definition includes:: issue = IssueClass(db, "issue", ... assigned_to = Link("user", rev_multilink="responsibleFor"), ... ) This makes it easy to list all issues that the user is responsible for (aka assigned_to). .. index:: triple: schema; property attributes; msg_header_property - The ``msg_header_property`` is used by the mail gateway when sending out messages. When a link or multilink property of an issue changes, Roundup creates email headers of the form:: X-Roundup-issue-prop: value where ``value`` is the ``name`` property for the linked item(s). For example, if you have a multilink for attached_files in your issue, you will see a header:: X-Roundup-issue-attached_files: MySpecialFile.doc, HisResume.txt when the class for attached files is defined as:: file = FileClass(db, "file", name=String()) ``MySpecialFile.doc`` is the name for the file object. If you have an ``assigned_to`` property in your issue class that links to the user class and you want to add a header:: X-Roundup-issue-assigned_to: ... so that the mail recipients can filter emails where ``X-Roundup-issue-assigned_to: name`` contains their username. The user class is defined as:: user = Class(db, "user", username=String(), password=Password(), address=String(), realname=String(), phone=String(), organisation=String(), alternate_addresses=String(), queries=Multilink('query'), roles=String(), # comma-separated string of Role names timezone=String()) Because the user class does not have a ``name`` parameter, no header will be written. Setting:: assigned_to=Link("user", msg_header_property="username") will make the mail gateway generate an ``X-Roundup-issue-assigned_to`` using the username property of the linked user. Assume assigned_to for an issue is linked to the user with username=joe_user, setting:: msg_header_property="username" for the assigned_to property will generated message headers of the form:: X-Roundup-issue-assigned_to: joe_user for emails sent on issues where joe_user has been assigned to the issue. If this property is set to the empty string "", no header will be generated on outgoing mail. .. index:: triple: schema; class property; creator triple: schema; class property; creation triple: schema; class property; actor triple: schema; class property; activity All Classes automatically have four properties by default: *creator* Link to the user that created the item. *creation* Date the item was created. *actor* Link to the user that last modified the item. *activity* Date the item was last modified. .. index:: double: schema; class methods Methods ~~~~~~~ All classes have the following methods. .. index:: triple: schema; class method; setkey setkey(property) :::::::::::::::: .. index:: roundup-admin; setting assignedto on an issue Set the key property of a class to a string property. The key property must be unique. References to the items in the class can be done by the content of the key property. For example, you can refer to users by their username. Let's say that there's an issue in Roundup, issue 23. There's also a user, richard, who happens to be user 2. To assign an issue to him, we could do use:: roundup-admin set issue23 assignedto=2 or:: roundup-admin set issue23 assignedto=richard Note, the same thing can be done in the web and e-mail interfaces. .. index:: triple: schema; class method; setlabelprop setlabelprop(property) :::::::::::::::::::::: Select a property of the class to be the label property. The label property is used whenever an item should be uniquely identified, e.g., when displaying a link to an item. If setlabelprop is not specified for a class, the following values are tried for the label: * the key of the class (see the `setkey(property)`_ section above) * the "name" property * the "title" property * the first property from the sorted property name list In most cases you can get away without specifying setlabelprop explicitly. Users should have View access to this property or the id property for a class. If the property can not be viewed by a user, looping over items in the class (e.g. messages attached to an issue) will not work. .. index:: triple: schema; class method; setorderprop setorderprop(property) :::::::::::::::::::::: Select a property of the class to be the order property. The order property is used whenever using a default sort order for the class, e.g., when grouping or sorting class A by a link to class B in the user interface, the order property of class B is used for sorting. If setorderprop is not specified for a class, the following values are tried for the order property: * the property named "order" * the label property (see `setlabelprop(property)`_ above) Usually you can get away without specifying setorderprop explicitly. .. index:: triple: schema; class method; create create(information) ::::::::::::::::::: Create an item in the database. This is used to create items in the :term:`definitional class` like "priority" and "status". .. index:: triple: schema; class property; messages triple: schema; class property; files triple: schema; class property; nosy triple: schema; class property; superseder IssueClass ~~~~~~~~~~ IssueClass automatically includes the "messages", "files", "nosy", and "superseder" properties. The messages and files properties list the links to the messages and files related to the issue. The nosy property is a list of links to users to tell about changes to the issue. They get "CC'ed" e-mails when messages are sent to or generated by the issue. The nosy reactor (in the ``'detectors'`` directory) handles this action. The superseder link indicates an issue which has superseded this one. It is better described in the `original document `_. They also have the default "creation", "activity" and "creator" properties. The value of the "creation" property is the date when an item was created. The value of the "activity" property is the date when any property on the item was last edited (equivalently, these are the dates on the first and last records in the item's journal). The "creator" property holds a link to the user that created the issue. .. index:: triple: schema; class property; content triple: schema; class property; type FileClass ~~~~~~~~~ FileClasses save their "content" attribute off in a separate file from the rest of the database. This reduces the number of large entries in the database, which makes databases more efficient. Also web servers, image processing applications, and command line tools can operate on the files. The content is stored in the ``files`` sub-directory of the ``'db'`` directory in your tracker. FileClasses also have a "type" attribute to store the file's MIME type. Roundup, by default, considers the contents of the file immutable. This assists in maintaining an accurate record of correspondence. The distributed tracker templates do not enforce this. If you have access to the Roundup tracker directory, you can edit the files (make sure to preserve mode, owner and group) to remove information. You may need to do this if somebody includes a password or you need to redact proprietary information. The journal for the message/file won't report that the file has changed. Best practice is to remove offending material and leave a placeholder. E.G. replace a password with the text:: [password has been deleted 2020-12-02 --myname] If you need to delete an entire file, replace the file contents with:: [file contents deleted due to spam 2020-10-21 --myname] rather than deleting the file. If you actually delete the file Roundup will report an error to the user and email the administrator. If you empty the file, a user downloading the file using the direct URL (e.g. ``tracker/msg22``) may be confused and think something is broken when they receive an empty file. Retiring a file/msg does not prevent access to the file using the direct URL. Retiring an item only removes it when requesting a list of all items in the class. If you are replacing the contents, you probably want to change the content type of the file. E.G. from ``image/jpeg`` to ``text/plain``. You can do this easily through the web interface, or using the ``roundup-admin`` command line interface. You can also change the contents of a file or message using the REST interface. Note that this will NOT result in an entry in the journal, so again it allows a silent change. To do this you need to make two rest requests. An example using curl is:: $ curl -u demo:demo -s -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ -H "Referer: https://tracker.example.com/demo/" \ -X GET \ https://tracker.example.com/demo/rest/data/file/30/content { "data": { "id": "30", "type": "", "link": "https://tracker.example.com/demo/rest/data/file/30/content", "data": "hello3", "@etag": "\"3f2f8063dbce5b6bd43567e6f4f3c671\"" } } using the etag, overwrite the content with:: $ curl -u demo:demo -s -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ -H "Referer: https://tracker.example.com/demo/" \ -H 'If-Match: "3f2f8063dbce5b6bd43567e6f4f3c671"' \ -X PUT \ -F "data=@hello" \ https://tracker.example.com/demo/rest/data/file/30/content where ``hello`` is a file on local disk. You can enforce immutability in your tracker by adding an auditor (see detectors_) for the file/msg class that rejects changes to the content property. The auditor could also add a journal entry so that a change via the Roundup mechanism is reported. Using a mixin (see: https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/MixinClassFileClass) to augment the file class allows for other possibilities including: * signing the file, * recording a checksum in the database and validating the file contents at the time it gets read. This allows detection of changes done on the filesystem outside of the Roundup mechanism. * keeping multiple revisions of the file. .. index:: schema; item ordering A note about ordering ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When we sort items in the hyperdb, we use one of three methods, depending on the property type: 1. String, Integer, Number, Date or Interval property, sort the scalar value of the property. Strings sort case-sensitively. 2. a Link property, sort by either the linked item's "order" property (if it has one) or the linked item's "id". 3. Mulitlinks sort similar to #2, starting with the first Multilink list item, and if they are the same, sort by the second item, and so on. Note that if an "order" property is defined for a class, all items of that Class *must* have a value for the "order" property, or sorting will result in random ordering. Examples of adding to your schema --------------------------------- See :ref:`CustomExamples` for examples. The `Roundup wiki CategorySchema`_ provides a list of additional examples of how to customize schemas to add new functionality. .. _Roundup wiki CategorySchema: https://wiki.roundup-tracker.org/CategorySchema .. index:: !detectors .. _detectors: .. _Auditors and reactors: Schema Integrity ---------------- There is a table in all SQL based schemas called ``schema``. It contains a representation of the current schema and the current Roundup schema version. Roundup will exit if the version is not supported by the release. E.G. Roundup 2.1.0 will not work with a database created by 2.3.0 as db version 8 used by 2.3.0 is not supported by 2.1.0. The current schema representation is automatically updated whenever a change is made to the schema via ``schema.py``. The schema version is upgraded when running ``roundup-admin migrate`` although it can be upgraded automatically in some cases by run a Roundup process (mailgw, web interface). This information is kept in one large blob in the table. To view this in a more understandable format, you can use the commands below (requires the jq command): Postgres .. code:: psql -tq -d 'roundup_db' -U roundup_user -c \ 'select schema from schema;' | \ python3 -c 'import json, sys; d = eval(sys.stdin.read()); \ print(json.dumps(d, indent=2));' | jq . | less replace ``roundup_db``, ``roundup_user`` with the values from ``config.ini`` and use a ``~/.pgpass`` file or type the database password when prompted. SQLite .. code:: sqlite3 demo/db/db 'select schema from schema;' | \ python3 -c 'import json, sys; d = eval(sys.stdin.read()); \ print(json.dumps(d, indent=2));' | jq . | less Something similar for MySQL can be generated as well. Replacing ``jq .`` with ``jq .version`` will display the schema version. Detectors - adding behaviour to your tracker ============================================ Detectors are Python modules that sit in your tracker's ``detectors`` directory. You are free to add and remove them any time, even after the database is initialised via the ``roundup-admin initialise`` command. There are two types of detectors: 1. *auditors* are run before changes are made to the database 2. *reactors* are run after the change has been committed to the database .. index:: auditors; rules for use single: reactors; rules for use Auditor or Reactor? ------------------- Generally speaking, you should observe the following rules: **Auditors** Are used for `vetoing creation of or changes to items`_. They might also make automatic changes to item properties. They can raise the ``Reject`` or ``CheckId`` exceptions to control database changes. **Reactors** Detect changes in the database and react accordingly. They should avoid making changes to the database where possible, as this could create detector loops. Detectors Installed by Default ------------------------------ You will have some detectors installed by default - have a look in the ``detectors`` subdirectory of your tracker home. You can write new detectors or modify the existing ones. The existing detectors installed for you are: .. index:: detectors; installed **nosyreaction.py** This provides the automatic nosy list maintenance and email sending. The nosy reactor (``nosyreaction``) fires when new messages are added to issues. The nosy auditor (``updatenosy``) fires when issues are changed, and figures out what changes need to be made to the nosy list (such as adding new authors, etc.) If you are running a tracker started with ``roundup-demo`` or the ``demo.py`` script, this detector will be missing.This is intentional to prevent email from being sent from a demo tracker. You can find the nosyreaction.py detector in the :term:`template directory (meaning 3)