Mercurial > p > roundup > code
annotate doc/rest.txt @ 5726:e199d0ae4a25
issue2551033: prevent reverse engineering hidden data by using etags
as an oracle to identify when the right data has been
guessed. Identified by Joseph Myers who also suggested remediation
methods. Implemented John Rouillard.
| author | John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 23 May 2019 18:56:57 -0400 |
| parents | 59a3bbd3603a |
| children | 07d8bbf6ee5f |
| rev | line source |
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1 |
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2 ==================== |
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3 REST API for Roundup |
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4 ==================== |
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5 |
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6 .. contents:: |
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7 :local: |
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8 :depth: 3 |
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9 |
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10 Introduction |
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11 ------------ |
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12 |
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13 After the last 1.6.0 Release, a REST-API developed in 2015 during a |
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14 Google Summer of Code (GSOC) by Chau Nguyen, supervised by Ezio |
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15 Melotti was integrated. The code was updated by John Rouillard and |
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16 Ralf Schlatterbeck to fix some shortcomings and provide the necessary |
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17 functions for a single page web application, e.g. etag support, |
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18 pagination, field embedding among others. |
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19 |
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20 Enabling the REST API |
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21 --------------------- |
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22 |
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23 The REST API can be disabled in the ``[web]`` section of ``config.ini`` |
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24 via the variable ``enable_rest`` which is ``yes`` by default. |
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25 |
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26 The REST api is reached via the ``/rest/`` endpoint of the tracker |
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27 URL. Partial URLs paths below (not starting with https) will have |
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28 /rest removed for brevity. |
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29 |
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30 Preventing CSRF Attacks |
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31 ======================= |
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32 |
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33 Clients should set the header X-REQUESTED-WITH to any value and the |
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34 tracker's config.ini should have ``csrf_enforce_header_x-requested-with |
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35 = yes`` or ``required``. |
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36 |
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37 Rate Limiting the API |
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38 ===================== |
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39 |
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40 This is a work in progress. Check the release notes to see if your |
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41 version of roundup includes Rate Limiting for the API (which is |
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42 different from rate limiting login attempts on the web interface). |
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43 |
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44 This is enabled by setting the ``api_calls_per_interval`` and |
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45 ``api_interval_in_sec`` configuration parameters in the ``[web]`` |
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46 section of ``config.ini``. The settings are documented in the |
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47 config.ini file. |
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48 |
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49 If ``api_calls_per_interval = 60`` and ``api_interval_in_sec = 60`` |
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50 the user can make 60 calls in a minute. They can use them all up in the |
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51 first second and then get one call back every second. With |
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52 ``api_calls_per_interval = 60`` and ``api_interval_in_sec = 3600`` (1 |
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53 hour) they can use all 60 calls in the first second and they get one |
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54 additional call every 10 seconds. ``api_calls_per_interval`` is the |
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55 burst rate that you are willing to allow within `api_interval_in_sec`` |
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56 seconds. The average rate of use is the ratio of |
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57 ``api_calls_per_interval/api_interval_in_sec``. So you can have many |
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58 values that permit one call per second on average: 1/1, 60/60, |
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59 3600/3600, but they all have a different maximum burst rates: 1/sec, |
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60 60/sec and 3600/sec. |
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61 |
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62 A single page app may make 20 or 30 calls to populate the page (e.g. a |
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63 list of open issues). Then wait a few seconds for the user to select |
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64 an issue. When displaying the issue, it needs another 20 or calls to |
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65 populate status dropdowns, pull the first 10 messages in the issue |
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66 etc. Controlling the burst rate as well as the average rate is a |
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67 tuning exercise left for the tracker admin. |
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68 |
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69 Also the rate limit is a little lossy. Under heavy load, it is |
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70 possible for it to miscount allowing more than burst count. Errors of |
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71 up to 10% have been seen on slower hardware. |
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72 |
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73 Client API |
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74 ---------- |
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75 |
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76 The top-level REST url ``/rest/`` will display the current version of |
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77 the REST API (Version 1 as of this writing) and some links to relevant |
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78 endpoints of the API. In the following the ``/rest`` prefix is omitted |
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79 from relative REST-API links for brevity. |
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80 |
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81 Headers |
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82 ======= |
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83 |
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84 If rate limiting is enabled there are 3 "standard" headers: |
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85 |
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86 **X-RateLimit-Limit**: Calls allowed per period. |
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87 |
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88 **X-RateLimit-Remaining**: Calls available to be completed in this window. |
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89 |
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90 **X-RateLimit-Reset**: window ends in this many seconds. (Note, |
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91 not an epoch timestamp). After this time, all |
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92 X-RateLimit-Limit calls are available again. |
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93 |
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94 and one helpful header to report the period that is missing |
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95 from other lists of rate limit headers: |
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96 |
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97 **X-RateLimit-Limit-Period**: Defines period in seconds for X-RateLimit-Limit. |
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98 |
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99 Also if the user has exceeded the rate limit, this header is added: |
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100 |
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101 **Retry-After**: The number of second to wait until 1 api call will succeed. |
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102 |
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103 |
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104 General Guidelines |
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105 ================== |
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106 |
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107 Performing a ``GET`` on an item or property of an item will rethrn an |
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108 ETag header or an @etag property. This needs to be submitted with |
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109 ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` and ``PATCH`` operations on the item using an |
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110 ``If-Match`` header or an ``"@etag`` property in the data payload if |
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111 the method supports a payload. |
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112 |
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113 The exact details of returned data is determined by the value of the |
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114 ``@verbose`` query parameter. The various supported values and their |
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115 effects are described in the following sections. |
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116 |
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117 The default return format is JSON. If you add the ``dicttoxml.py`` |
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118 module you can request XML formatted data using the header ``Accept: |
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119 application/xml`` in your request. Both output formats are similar in |
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120 structure. |
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121 |
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122 All output is wrapped in an envelope called ``data``. |
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123 |
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124 When using collection endpoints (think list of issues, users ...), the |
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125 ``data`` envelope contains metadata (e.g. total number of items) as |
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126 well as a ``collections`` list of objects:: |
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127 |
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128 { "data": { |
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129 "meta data field1": "value", |
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130 "meta data field2": "value", |
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131 "collecton": [ |
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132 { "link": "url to item", |
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133 "id": "internal identifier for item" }, |
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134 { "link": "url to second item", |
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135 "id": "id item 2" }, |
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136 ... ] |
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137 "@links": { |
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138 "relation": [ |
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139 { "rel": "relation/subrelation", |
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140 "uri": "uri to use to implement relation" }, |
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141 ... |
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142 ], |
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143 "relation2": [ {...} ], ... |
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144 } |
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145 } |
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146 } |
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147 |
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148 available meta data is described in the documention for the |
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149 collections endpoint. |
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150 |
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151 The ``link`` fields implement HATEOS by supplying a url for the |
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152 resource represented by that object. The "link" parameter with the |
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153 value of a url is a special case of the @links parameter. |
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154 |
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155 In the @links object, each relationship is a list of full link json |
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156 objects. These include rel (relationship) and uri properties. In the |
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157 future this may be extended to include other data like content-type. |
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158 However including a full @links object for every item includes a lot |
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159 of overhead since in most cases only the self relationship needs to be |
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160 represented. |
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161 |
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162 Because every object, link and multilink ends up getting a url, the |
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163 shorter 'link' representation is used for this special case. The |
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164 ``link`` property expresses the ``self`` relationship and its value is |
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165 the uri property of the full link object. In collections, properties |
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166 from each item can be embedded in the returned data (see ``@fields`` |
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167 below). This can not be done if the property is called link as that |
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168 conflicts with the self url. |
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169 |
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170 When using an item endpoint (think an individual issue), metadata is |
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171 included in the ``data`` envelope. Inside of the envelope, the |
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172 ``attributes`` object contains the data for the field/properties of |
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173 the issue. Example:: |
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174 |
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175 { "data": { |
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176 "meta data field1": "value", |
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177 "type": "type of item, issue, user ..." |
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178 "link": "link to retreive item", |
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179 "attributes": { |
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180 "title": "title of issue", |
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181 "nosy": [ |
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182 { "link": "url for user4", |
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183 "id": "4" } |
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184 ], |
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185 |
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186 ... } |
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187 } |
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188 } |
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189 |
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190 Using a property endpoint (e.g. title or nosy list for an issue) the |
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191 ``data`` wrapper has a ``data`` subfield that represents the value of |
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192 the property. This ``data`` subfield may be a simple string (all types |
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193 except mutlilink) or a list of strings (multilink |
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194 properties). Example:: |
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195 |
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196 { "data": { |
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197 "type": "description of class", |
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198 "@etag": "\"f15e6942f00a41960de45f9413684591\"", |
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199 "link": "link to retreive property", |
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200 "id": "id for object with this property", |
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201 "data": "value of property" |
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202 } |
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203 } |
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204 |
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205 |
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206 Special Endpoints |
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207 ================= |
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208 |
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209 There are a few special endpoints that provide some additional data. |
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210 Tracker admiinstrators can add new endpoints. See |
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211 "Programming the REST API"_ below. |
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212 |
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213 /summary |
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214 ^^^^^^^^ |
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215 |
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216 A Summary page can be reached via ``/summary`` via the ``GET`` method. |
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217 This is currently hard-coded for the standard tracker schema shipped |
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218 with roundup and will display a summary of open issues. |
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219 |
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220 /data |
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221 ^^^^^ |
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222 |
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223 This is the primary entry point for data from the tracker. |
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224 |
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225 The ``/data`` link will display a set of classes of the tracker. All |
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226 classes can be reached via ``/data/<classname>`` where ``<classname>`` |
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227 is replace with the name of the class to query, e.g. ``/data/issue``. |
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228 Individual items of a class (e.g. a single issue) can be queried by |
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229 giving the issue-id, e.g., ``/data/issue/42``. Individual properties of |
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230 an item can be queried by appending the property, e.g., |
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231 ``/data/issue/42/title``. |
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232 |
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233 |
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234 All the links mentioned in the following support the http method ``GET``. |
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235 Results of a ``GET`` request will always return the results as a |
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236 dictionary with the entry ``data`` referring to the returned data. |
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237 |
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238 Details are in the sections below. |
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239 |
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240 /data/\ *class* Collection |
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241 ========================== |
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242 |
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243 When performing the ``GET`` method on a class (e.g. ``/data/issue``), |
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244 the ``data`` object includes the number of items available in |
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245 ``@total_size``. A a ``collection`` list follows which contains the id |
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246 and link to the respective item. For example a get on |
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247 https://.../rest/data/issue returns:: |
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248 |
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249 { |
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250 "data": { |
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251 "collection": [ |
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252 { |
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253 "id": "1", |
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254 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/1" |
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255 }, |
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256 { |
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257 "id": "100", |
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258 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/100" |
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259 } |
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260 ... |
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261 ], |
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262 "@total_size": 171 |
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263 } |
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264 } |
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265 |
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266 Collection endpoints support a number of features as seen in the next |
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267 sections. |
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268 |
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269 Searching |
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270 ^^^^^^^^^ |
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271 |
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272 Searching is done by adding roundup field names and values as query |
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273 parameters. Using: https://.../rest/data/issue you can search using: |
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274 |
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275 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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276 :header-rows: 1 |
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277 :widths: 20 20 80 |
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278 |
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279 * - Query parameter |
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280 - Field type |
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281 - Explanation |
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282 * - ``title=foo`` |
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283 - String |
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284 - perform a substring search and find any issue with the word foo |
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285 in the title. |
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286 * - ``status=2`` |
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287 - Link |
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288 - find any issue whose status link is set to the id 2. |
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289 * - ``status=open`` |
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290 - Link |
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291 - find any issue where the name of the status is open. |
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292 Note this is not a string match so using nosy=ope will fail. |
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293 * - ``nosy=1`` |
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294 - MultiLink |
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295 - find any issue where the multilink nosy includes the id 1. |
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296 * - ``nosy=admin`` |
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297 - MultiLink |
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298 - find any issue where the multilink nosy includes the user admin. |
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299 Note this is not a string match so using nosy=admi will fail. |
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300 * - ``booleanfield=1`` - also values: true, TRUE, yes, YES etc. Other |
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301 values match false. |
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302 - Boolean |
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303 - find an issue with the boolean field set to true. |
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304 |
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305 As seen above, Links and Multilinks can be specified numerically or |
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306 symbolically, e.g., searching for issues in status ``closed`` can be |
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307 achieved by searching for ``status=closed`` or ``status=3`` (provided |
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308 the ``closed`` status has ID 3). Note that even though the symbolic |
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309 name is a string, in this case it is also a key value. As a result it |
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310 only does an exact match. |
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311 |
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312 Searching for strings (e.g. the issue title, or a keyword name) |
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313 performs a case-insensitive substring search, so searching for |
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314 title=Something will find all issues with "Something" or "someThing", |
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315 etc. in the title. There is currently no way to perform an exact |
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316 string match. |
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317 |
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318 To make this clear, searching |
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319 ``https://.../rest/data/issue?keyword=foo`` will not work unless there |
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320 is a keyword with a name field of ``foo`` which is the key field of |
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321 the keyword. However searching the text property ``name`` using |
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322 ``https://.../rest/data/keyword?name=foo`` (note searching keyword |
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323 class not issue class) will return matches for ``foo``, ``foobar``, |
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324 ``foo taz`` etc. |
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325 |
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326 In all cases the field ``@total_size`` is reported which is the total |
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327 number of items available if you were to retreive all of them. |
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328 |
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329 Other data types: Date, Interval Integer, Number need examples and may |
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330 need work to allow range searches. Full text search (e.g. over the |
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331 body of msgs) is a work in progress. |
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332 |
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333 Pagination |
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334 ^^^^^^^^^^ |
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335 |
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336 Collection endpoints support pagination. This is controlled by query |
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337 parameters ``@page_size`` and ``@page_index`` (Note the use of the |
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338 leading `@` to make the parameters distinguishable from field names.) |
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339 |
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340 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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341 :header-rows: 1 |
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342 :widths: 20 80 |
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343 |
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344 * - Query parameter |
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345 - Explanation |
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346 * - ``@page_size`` |
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347 - specifies how many items are displayed at once. If no |
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348 ``@page_size`` is specified, all matching items are returned. |
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349 * - ``@page_index`` |
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350 - (which defaults to 1 if not given) specifies which page number |
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351 of ``@page_size`` items is displayed. |
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352 |
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353 Also when pagenation is enabled the returned data include pagenation |
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354 links along side the collection data. This looks like:: |
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355 |
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356 { "data": |
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357 { |
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358 "collection": { ... }, |
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359 "@total_size": 222, |
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360 "@links": { |
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361 "self": [ |
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362 { |
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363 "uri": |
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364 "https://.../rest/data/issue?@page_index=1&@fields=status&@page_size=5", |
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365 "rel": "self" |
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366 } |
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367 ], |
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368 "next": [ |
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369 { |
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370 "uri": |
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371 "https://.../rest/data/issue?@page_index=2&@fields=status&@page_size=5", |
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372 "rel": "next" |
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373 } |
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374 ] |
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375 } |
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376 } |
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377 } |
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378 |
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379 The ``@links`` parameter is a dictionary indexed by |
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380 relationships. Each relationship is a list of one or more full link |
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381 json objects. Above we have link relations to move to the next |
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382 page. If we weren't at the first page, there would be a ``prev`` |
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383 relation to move to the previous page. Also we have a self relation |
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384 (which is missing the @page_index, hence we are at page 1) that can be |
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385 used to get the same page again. |
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386 |
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387 |
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388 Field embedding and verbose output |
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389 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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390 |
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391 In collections, you can specify what fields should be embedded in the |
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392 returned data. There are some shortcuts provided using the |
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393 ``@verbose`` parameter. All the examples in this section are for a GET |
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394 operation on ``https://.../rest/data/issue``. |
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395 |
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396 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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397 :header-rows: 1 |
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398 :widths: 20 80 |
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399 |
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400 * - Query parameter |
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401 - Explanation |
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402 * - ``@verbose=0`` |
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403 - each item in the collection has its "id" property displayed |
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404 and a link with the URL to retreive the item. |
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405 * - ``@verbose=1`` |
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406 - for collections this output is the same as ``@verbose=0``. This |
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407 is the default. |
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408 * - ``@verbose=2`` |
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409 - each item in the collection includes the "label" property in |
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410 addition to "id" property and a link for the item. |
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411 This is useful as documented below in "Searches and selection"_. |
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412 * - ``@verbose=3`` |
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413 - will display the content property of messages and files. Note |
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414 warnings about this below. Using this for collections is |
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415 discouraged as it is slow and produces a lot of data. |
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416 * - ``@fields=status,title`` |
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417 - will return the ``status`` and ``title`` fields for the issue displayed |
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418 according to the @verbose parameter |
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419 |
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420 In addition collections support the ``@fields`` parameter which is a |
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421 colon or comma separated list of fields to embed in the response. For |
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422 example ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2`` is the same as: |
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423 ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@fields=title`` since the label property |
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424 for an issue is its title. You can use both ``@verbose`` and |
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425 ``@fields`` to get additional info. For example |
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426 ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&@fields=status`` returns:: |
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427 |
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428 { |
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429 "data": { |
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430 "collection": [ |
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431 { |
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432 "link": |
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433 "https://.../rest/data/issue/1", |
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434 "title": "Welcome to the tracker START HERE", |
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435 "id": "1", |
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436 "status": { |
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437 "link": |
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438 "https://.../rest/data/status/1", |
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439 "id": "1", |
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440 "name": "new" |
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441 } |
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442 }, |
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443 ... |
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444 } |
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445 |
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446 the format of the status field (included because of |
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447 ``@fields=status``) includes the label for the status. This is due to |
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448 inclusion of ``@verbose=2``. Without verbose you would see:: |
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449 |
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450 { |
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451 "data": { |
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452 "collection": [ |
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453 { |
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454 "link": |
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455 "https://.../rest/data/issue/1", |
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456 "id": "1", |
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457 "status": { |
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458 "link": |
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459 "https://.../rest/data/status/1", |
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460 "id": "1" |
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461 } |
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462 }, |
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463 ... |
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464 } |
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465 |
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466 Note that the ``link`` field that is returned doesn't exist in the |
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467 database. It is a construct of the rest interface. This means that you |
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468 can not set ``@fields=link`` and get the link property included in the |
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469 output. |
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470 |
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471 Also using ``@fields=@etag`` will not work to retreive the etag for |
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472 items in the collection. |
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473 |
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474 See the `Searches and selection`_ section for the use cases supported |
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475 by these features. |
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476 |
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477 |
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478 Other query params |
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479 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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480 |
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481 This table lists other supported parameters: |
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482 |
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483 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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484 :header-rows: 1 |
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485 :widths: 20 80 |
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486 |
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487 * - Query parameter |
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488 - Explanation |
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489 * - ``@pretty=false`` |
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490 - by default json data is pretty printed to make it readable to |
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491 humans. This eases testing and with compression enabled the |
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492 extra whitespace doesn't bloat the returned payload excessively. |
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493 You can disable pretty printing by using this query parameter. |
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494 Note the default is true, so @pretty=true is not supported at |
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495 this time. |
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496 |
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497 Using the POST method |
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498 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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499 |
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500 Only class links support the ``POST`` method for creation of new items |
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501 of a class, e.g., a new issue via the ``/data/issue`` link. The post |
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502 gets a dictionary of keys/values for the new item. It returns the same |
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503 parameters as the GET method after successful creation. |
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504 |
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505 If you perform a get on an item with ``@verbose=0``, it is in the |
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506 correct form to use as a the payload of a post. |
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507 |
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508 |
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509 Safely Re-sending POST |
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510 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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511 |
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512 POST is used to create new object in a class. E.G. a new issue. One |
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513 problem is that a POST may time out. Because it is not idempotent like |
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514 a PUT or DELETE, retrying the interrupted POST may result in the |
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515 creation of a duplicate issue. |
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516 |
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517 To solve this problem, a two step process inspired by the POE - Post |
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518 Once Exactly spec: |
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519 https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-nottingham-http-poe-00 is provided. |
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520 |
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521 This mechanism returns a single use URL. POSTing to the URL creates |
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522 a new object in the class. |
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523 |
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524 First we get the URL. Here is an example using curl:: |
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525 |
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526 curl -u demo:demo -s -X POST -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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527 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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528 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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529 --data '' \ |
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530 https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe |
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531 |
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532 This will return a json payload like:: |
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533 |
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534 { |
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535 "data": { |
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536 "expires": 1555266310.4457426, |
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537 "link": "https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe/vizl713xHtIzANRW9jPb3bWXePRzmehdmSXzEta1" |
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538 } |
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539 } |
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540 |
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541 The value of expires is a Unix timestamp in seconds. In this case it |
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542 has the default lifetime of 30 minutes after the current time. Using |
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543 the link more than 30 minutes into the future will cause a 400 error. |
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544 |
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545 Within 30 minutes, the link can be used to post an issue with the same |
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546 payload that would normally be sent to: |
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547 ``https://.../demo/rest/data/issue``. |
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548 |
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549 For example:: |
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550 |
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551 curl -u demo:demo -s -X POST \ |
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552 -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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553 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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554 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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555 --data-binary '{ "title": "a problem" }' \ |
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556 https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe/vizl713xHtIzANRW9jPb3bWXePRzmehdmSXzEta1 |
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557 |
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558 returns:: |
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559 |
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560 { |
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561 "data": { |
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562 "link": "https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/2280", |
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563 "id": "2280" |
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564 } |
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565 } |
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566 |
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567 Once the @poe link is used and creates an issue, it becomes invalid |
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568 and can't be used again. Posting to it after the issue, or other |
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569 object, is created, results in a 400 error [#poe_retry]_. |
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570 |
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571 Note that POE links are by restricted to the class that was used to |
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572 get the link. So you can only create an issue using the link returned |
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573 from ``rest/data/issue/@poe``. You can create a generic POE link by adding |
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574 the "generic" field to the post payload:: |
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575 |
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576 curl -u demo:demo -s -X POST -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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577 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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578 --data 'lifetime=100&generic=1' \ |
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579 https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe |
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580 |
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581 This will return a link under: ``https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe``:: |
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582 |
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583 { |
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584 "data": { |
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585 "expires": 1555268640.9606116, |
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586 "link": |
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587 "https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe/slPrzmEq6Q9BTjvcKhfxMNZL4uHXjbHCidY1ludZ" |
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588 } |
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589 } |
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590 |
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591 You could use the link and change 'issue' to 'user' and it would work |
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592 to create a user. Creating generic POE tokens is *not* recommended, |
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593 but is available if a use case requires it. |
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594 |
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595 This example also changes the lifetime of the POE url. This link has |
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596 a lifetime of 15 minutes (900 seconds). Using it after 16 minutes will |
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597 result in a 400 error. A lifetime up to 1 hour can be specified. |
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598 |
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599 POE url's are an optional mechanism. If: |
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600 |
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601 * you do not expect your client to retry a failed post, |
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602 * a failed post is unlikely (e.g. you are running over a local lan), |
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603 * there is a human using the client and who can intervene if a post |
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604 fails |
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605 |
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606 you can use the url ``https://.../demo/data/<class>``. However if you |
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607 are using this mechanism to automate creation of objects and will |
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608 automatically retry a post until it succeeds, please use the POE |
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609 mechanism. |
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610 |
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611 .. [#poe_retry] As a future enhancement, performing a POST to the POE |
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612 link soon after it has been used to create an object will |
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613 change. It will not return a 400 error. It will will trigger a |
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614 301 redirect to the url for the created object. After some |
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615 period of time (maybe a week) the POE link will be removed and |
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616 return a 400 error. This is meant to allow the client (a time |
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617 limited way) to retrieve the created resource if the |
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618 response was lost. |
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619 |
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620 Other Supported Methods for Collections |
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621 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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622 |
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623 Supports the ``OPTIONS`` method for determining which methods are |
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624 allowed on a given endpoint. |
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625 |
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626 Does not support PUT, DELETE or PATCH. |
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627 |
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628 /data/\ *class*/\ *id* item |
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629 =========================== |
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630 |
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631 When performing the ``GET`` method on an item |
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632 (e.g. ``/data/issue/42``), a ``link`` attribute contains the link to |
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633 the item, ``id`` contains the id, ``type`` contains the class name |
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634 (e.g. ``issue`` in the example) and an ``etag`` property can be used |
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635 to detect modifications since the last query. |
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636 |
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637 Individual properties of the item are returned in an ``attributes`` |
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638 dictionary. The properties returned depend on the permissions of the |
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639 account used for the query. |
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640 |
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641 By default all (visible to the current user) attributes/properties are |
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642 returned. You can limit this by using the ``@fields`` query parameter |
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643 similar to how it is used in collections. This way you can only return |
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644 the fields you are interested in reducing network load as well as |
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645 memory and parsing time on the client side. |
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646 |
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647 Link and Multilink properties are displayed as a dictionary with a |
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648 ``link`` and an ``id`` property by default. This is controlled by the |
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649 ``@verbose`` attribute which is set to 1 by default. If set to 0, only |
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650 the id is shown for Link and Multilink attributes. In this form, the |
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651 data can be modified and sent back using ``PUT`` to change the item. |
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652 If set to 2, the label property (usually ``name`` e.g. for status) is |
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653 also put into the dictionary. Content properties of message and file |
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654 object are by default also shown as a dictionary with a sole link |
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655 attribute. The link is the download link for the file or message. If |
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656 @verbose is >= 3, the content property is shown in json as a (possibly |
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657 very long) string. Currently the json serializer cannot handle files |
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658 not properly utf-8 encoded, so specifying @verbose=3 for files is |
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659 currently discouraged. |
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660 |
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661 An example of returned values:: |
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662 |
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663 { |
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664 "data": { |
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665 "type": "issue", |
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666 "@etag": "\"f15e6942f00a41960de45f9413684591\"", |
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667 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/23", |
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668 "attributes": { |
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669 "keyword": [], |
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670 "messages": [ |
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671 { |
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672 "link": "https://.../rest/data/msg/375", |
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673 "id": "375" |
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674 }, |
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675 { |
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676 "link": "https://.../rest/data/msg/376", |
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677 "id": "376" |
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678 }, |
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679 ... |
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680 ], |
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681 "files": [], |
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682 "status": { |
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683 "link": "https://.../rest/data/status/2", |
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684 "id": "2" |
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685 }, |
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686 "title": "This is a title title", |
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687 "superseder": [], |
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688 "nosy": [ |
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689 { |
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690 "link": "https://.../rest/data/user/4", |
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691 "id": "4" |
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692 }, |
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693 { |
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694 "link": "https://.../rest/data/user/5", |
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695 "id": "5" |
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696 } |
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697 ], |
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698 "assignedto": null, |
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699 }, |
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700 "id": "23" |
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701 } |
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702 } |
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703 |
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704 Retrieve item using key value |
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705 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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706 |
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707 If the class has a key attribute, e.g. the 'status' class in the |
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708 classic tracker, it can be used to retried the item. |
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709 |
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710 You can get an individual status by specifying the key-attribute value |
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711 e.g. ``/data/status/name=closed``. Note that ``name`` in this example |
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712 must be the key-attribute of the class. A short-form (which might not |
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713 be supported in future version of the API) is to specify only the |
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714 value, e.g. ``/data/status/closed``. This short-form only works when |
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715 you're sure that the key of the class is not numeric. E.G. if the name |
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716 was "7", /data/status/7 would return the status with id 7 not the |
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717 status with name "7". To get the status with name 7, you must use |
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718 the long form /data/status/name=7 |
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719 |
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720 The long-form (with ``=``) is different from a query-parameter like |
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721 ``/data/status?name=closed`` which would find all stati (statuses) |
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722 that have ``closed`` as a substring. |
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723 |
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724 |
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725 Other Supported Methods for Items |
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726 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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727 |
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728 The method ``PUT`` is allowed on individual items, e.g. |
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729 ``/data/issue/42`` On success it returns the same parameters as the |
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730 respective ``GET`` method. Note that for ``PUT`` an Etag has to be |
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731 supplied, either in the request header or as an @etag parameter. An |
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732 example:: |
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733 |
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734 curl -u admin:admin -X PUT \ |
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735 --header 'Referer: https://example.com/demo/' \ |
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736 --header 'X-Requested-With: rest' \ |
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737 --header "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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738 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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739 --header 'If-Match: "dd41f02d6f8b4c34b439fc712b522fb3"' \ |
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740 --data '{ "nosy": [ "1", "5" ] }' \ |
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741 "https://example.com/demo/rest/data/issue/23" |
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742 |
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743 { |
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744 "data": { |
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745 "attribute": { |
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746 "nosy": [ |
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747 "1", |
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748 "5" |
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749 ] |
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750 }, |
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751 "type": "issue", |
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752 "link": |
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753 "https://example.com/demo/rest/data/issue/23", |
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754 "id": "23" |
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755 } |
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756 } |
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757 |
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758 If the above command is repeated with the data attribute:: |
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759 |
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760 --data '{ "nosy": [ "1", "5" ], "title": "This is now my title" }' |
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761 |
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762 this is returned:: |
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763 |
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764 { |
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765 "data": { |
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766 "attribute": { |
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767 "title": "This is now my title" |
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768 }, |
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769 "type": "issue", |
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770 "link": |
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771 "https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/data/issue/23", |
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772 "id": "23" |
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773 } |
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774 } |
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|
775 |
|
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776 Note that nosy is not in the attributes returned. It is the same as |
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777 before, so no change has happened and it is not reported. |
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778 Changing both nosy and title:: |
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779 |
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780 curl -u admin:admin -X PUT \ |
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781 --header 'Referer: https://.../' \ |
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782 --header 'X-Requested-With: rest' \ |
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783 --header "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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784 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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|
785 --header 'If-Match: "8209add59a79713d64f4d1a072aef740"' \ |
|
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786 --data '{ "nosy": [ "4", "5" ], "title": "This is now my new title" }' \ |
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787 "https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/data/issue/23" |
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788 |
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789 which returns both title and nosy attributes:: |
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790 |
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791 { |
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792 "data": { |
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793 "attribute": { |
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794 "title": "This is now my new title", |
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795 "nosy": [ |
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796 "4", |
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797 "5" |
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798 ] |
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799 }, |
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800 "type": "issue", |
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801 "link": |
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802 "https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/data/issue/23", |
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803 "id": "23" |
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804 } |
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805 } |
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806 |
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807 Note that mixing url query parameters with payload submission doesn't |
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808 work. So using:: |
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809 |
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810 https://.../rest/data/issue/23?@pretty=false |
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811 |
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812 doesn't have the desired effect. However it can be put in the data |
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813 payload: |
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814 |
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815 curl -u admin:admin ... |
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816 --data '{ "nosy": [ "4", "5" ], "title": "...", "@pretty": "false" }' |
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817 |
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818 produces:: |
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819 |
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820 {"data": {"attribute": {}, "type": "issue", |
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821 "link": "https://...", "id": "23"}} |
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822 |
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823 the lines are wrapped for display purposes, in real life it's one long |
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824 line. |
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825 |
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826 The method ``DELETE`` is allowed on items, e.g., ``/data/issue/42`` |
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827 and will retire (mark as deleted) the respective item. On success it |
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828 will only return a status code. The item is still available if |
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829 accessed directly by it's item url. The item will not show up in |
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830 searches where it would have been matched if not retired. |
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831 |
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832 Finally the ``PATCH`` method can be applied to individual items, e.g., |
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833 ``/data/issue/42``. This method gets an operator ``@op=<method>`` |
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834 where ``<method>`` is one of ``add``, ``replace``, ``remove``. For |
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835 items, an additional operator ``action`` is supported. If no operator |
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836 is specified, the default is ``replace``. The first three operators |
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837 are self explanatory. For an ``action`` operator an ``@action_name`` |
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838 and optional ``@action_argsXXX`` parameters have to be |
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839 supplied. Currently there are only two actions, neither has args, |
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840 namely ``retire`` and ``restore``. The ``retire`` action on an item is |
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841 the same as a ``DELETE`` method, it retires the item. The ``restore`` |
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842 action is the inverse of ``retire``, the item is again visible. On |
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843 success the returned value is the same as the respective ``GET`` |
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844 method. An example to add a user to the nosy list of an item is: |
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845 |
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846 curl -u admin:admin -p -X PATCH \ |
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847 --header "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \ |
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848 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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849 --header 'If-Match: "c6e2d81019acff1da7a2da45f93939bd"' \ |
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850 --data-urlencode '@op=add' \ |
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851 --data 'nosy=3' \ |
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852 "https://.../rest/data/issue/23" |
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853 |
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854 which returns:: |
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855 |
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856 { |
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857 "data": { |
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858 "attribute": { |
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859 "nosy": [ |
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860 "3", |
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861 "4" |
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862 ] |
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863 }, |
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864 "type": "issue", |
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865 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/23", |
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866 "id": "23" |
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867 } |
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868 } |
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869 |
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870 Note that the changed values are returned so you can update |
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871 internal state in your app with the new data. |
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872 |
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873 The ``GET`` method on an item (e.g. ``/data/issue/43``) returns an |
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874 ETag in the http header *and* the ``@etag`` value in the json |
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875 payload. When modifying a property via ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` or |
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876 ``DELETE`` the etag value for the item must be supplied using an |
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877 ``If-Match`` header. If you are using ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` an |
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878 ``@etag`` value can be supplied in the payload in place of the |
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879 ``If-Match`` header. |
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880 |
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881 /data/\ *class*/\ *id*/\ *property* field |
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882 ========================================= |
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883 |
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884 A ``GET`` method on a property (e.g. ``/data/issue/42/title``) returns the |
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885 link, an ``@etag``, the type of the property (e.g. "<type str>") the id |
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886 of the item and the content of the property in ``data``. |
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887 |
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888 For example:: |
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889 |
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890 { |
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891 "data": { |
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892 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/22/title", |
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893 "data": "I need Broken PC", |
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894 "type": "<class 'str'>", |
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895 "id": "22", |
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896 "@etag": "\"370510512b2d8fc3f98aac3d762cc7b1\"" |
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897 } |
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898 } |
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899 |
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900 |
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901 All endpoints support an ``OPTIONS`` method for determining which |
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902 methods are allowed on a given endpoint. |
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903 |
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904 Other Supported Methods for fields |
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905 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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906 |
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907 The method ``PUT`` is allowed on a property e.g., |
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908 ``/data/issue/42/title``. On success it returns the same parameters as |
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909 the respective ``GET`` method. Note that for ``PUT`` an Etag has to be |
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910 supplied, either in the request header or as an @etag parameter. |
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911 Example using multipart/form-data rather than json:: |
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912 |
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913 curl -vs -u provisional:provisional -X PUT \ |
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914 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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915 --data "data=Provisional" \ |
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916 --header "If-Match: 079eba599152f3eed00567e23258fecf" \ |
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917 --data-urlencode "@etag=079eba599152f3eed00567e23258fecf" \ |
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918 "https://.../rest/data/user/5/realname" |
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919 |
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920 This example updates a leadtime field that is declared as an interval |
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921 type:: |
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922 |
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923 curl -vs -u demo:demo -X PUT \ |
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924 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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925 --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ |
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926 --header "Referer: https://.../" \ |
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927 --header "x-requested-with: rest" \ |
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928 --header 'If-Match: "e2e6cc43c3475a4a3d9e5343617c11c3"' \ |
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929 --data '{"leadtime": "2d" }' \ |
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930 "https://.../rest/data/issue/10" |
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931 |
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932 It is also possible to call ``DELETE`` on a |
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933 property of an item, e.g., ``/data/issue/42/nosy`` to delete the nosy |
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934 list. The same effect can be achieved with a ``PUT`` request and an |
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935 empty new value. This may fail if the property is required. |
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936 |
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937 The ``PATCH`` method can be applied to properties, e.g., |
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938 ``/data/issue/42/title``. This method gets an operator |
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939 ``@op=<method>`` where ``<method>`` is one of ``add``, ``replace``, |
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940 ``remove``. If no operator is specified, the default is ``replace`` |
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941 which is the same as performing a PUT on the field url. ``add`` and |
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942 ``remove`` allow ading and removing values from MultiLink |
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943 properties. This is easier than having to rewrite the entire value for |
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944 the field using the ``replace`` operator or doing a PUT to the field. |
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945 On success the returned value is the same as the respective ``GET`` |
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946 method. |
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947 |
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948 The ``GET`` method on an item (e.g. ``/data/issue/43``) returns an |
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949 ETag in the http header *and* the ``@etag`` value in the json |
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950 payload. When modifying a property via ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` or |
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951 ``DELETE`` the etag value for the item must be supplied using an |
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952 ``If-Match`` header. If you are using ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` an |
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953 ``@etag`` value can be supplied in the payload in place of the |
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954 ``If-Match`` header. |
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955 |
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956 Tunneling Methods via POST |
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957 ========================== |
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958 |
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959 If you are working through a proxy and unable to use http method like |
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960 PUT, PATCH or DELETE you can use POST to perform the action. To tunnel |
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961 an action throught POST, send the ``X-HTTP-METHOD-OVERRIDE`` header |
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962 with a value of DELETE or other capitalized HTTP verb. The body of the |
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963 POST should be what you would send if you were using the method |
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964 without tunneling. |
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965 |
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966 Examples and Use Cases |
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967 ---------------------- |
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968 |
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969 sample python client |
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970 ==================== |
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971 |
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972 The client uses the python ``requests`` library for easier interaction |
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973 with a REST API supporting JSON encoding:: |
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974 |
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975 |
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976 >>> import requests |
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977 >>> u = 'http://user:password@tracker.example.com/demo/rest/data/' |
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978 >>> s = requests.session() |
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979 >>> r = s.get(u + 'issue/42/title') |
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980 >>> if r.status_code != 200: |
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981 ... print("Failed: %s: %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason)) |
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982 ... exit(1) |
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983 >>> print (r.json() ['data']['data'] |
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984 TEST Title |
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985 >>> h = {'X-Requested-With': 'rest', 'Referer': 'http://tracker.example.com/demo/'} |
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986 >>> r = s.post (u + 'issue', data = dict (title = 'TEST Issue'), headers=h) |
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987 >>> if not 200 <= r.status_code <= 201: |
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988 ... print("Failed: %s: %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason)) |
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989 ... exit(1) |
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990 >>> print(r.json()) |
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991 |
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992 Retire/Restore:: |
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993 >>> r = s.delete (u + 'issue/42') |
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994 >>> print (r.json()) |
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995 >>> r = s.get (u + 'issue/42') |
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996 >>> etag = r.headers['ETag'] |
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997 >>> print("ETag: %s" % etag) |
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998 >>> etag = r.json()['data']['@etag'] |
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999 >>> print("@etag: %s" % etag) |
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1000 >>> h = {'If-Match': etag, |
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1001 ... 'X-Requested-With': 'rest', |
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1002 ... 'Referer': 'http://tracker.example.com/demo/'} |
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1003 >>> d = {'@op:'action', '@action_name':'retire'} |
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1004 >>> r = s.patch(u + 'issue/42', data = d, headers = h) |
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1005 >>> print(r.json()) |
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1006 >>> d = {'@op:'action', '@action_name':'restore'} |
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1007 >>> r = s.patch(u + 'issue/42', data = d, headers = h) |
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1008 >>> print(r.json()) |
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1009 |
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1010 Note the addition of headers for: x-requested-with and referer. This |
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1011 allows the request to pass the CSRF protection mechanism. You may need |
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1012 to add an Origin header if this check is enabled in your tracker's |
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1013 config.ini (look for csrf_enforce_header_origin). |
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1014 |
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1015 |
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1016 Searches and selection |
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1017 ====================== |
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1018 |
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1019 One difficult interface issue is selection of items from a long list. |
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1020 Using multi-item selects requires loading a lot of data (e.g. consider |
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1021 a selection tool to select one or more issues as in the classic |
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1022 superseder field). |
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1023 |
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1024 This can be made easier using javascript selection tools like select2, |
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1025 selectize.js, chosen etc. These tools can query a remote data provider |
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1026 to get a list of items for the user to select from. |
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1027 |
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1028 Consider a multi-select box for the superseder property. Using |
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1029 selectize.js (and jquery) code similar to:: |
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1030 |
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1031 $('#superseder').selectize({ |
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1032 valueField: 'id', |
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1033 labelField: 'title', |
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1034 searchField: 'title', ... |
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1035 load: function(query, callback) { |
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1036 if (!query.length) return callback(); |
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1037 $.ajax({ |
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1038 url: '.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&title=' |
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1039 + encodeURIComponent(query), |
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1040 type: 'GET', |
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1041 error: function() {callback();}, |
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1042 success: function(res) { |
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1043 callback(res.data.collection);} |
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1044 |
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1045 Sets up a box that a user can type the word "request" into. Then |
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1046 selectize.js will use that word to generate an ajax request with the |
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1047 url: ``.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&title=request`` |
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1048 |
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1049 This will return data like:: |
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1050 |
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1051 { |
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1052 "data": { |
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1053 "@total_size": 440, |
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1054 "collection": [ |
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1055 { |
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1056 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/8", |
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1057 "id": "8", |
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1058 "title": "Request for Power plugs" |
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1059 }, |
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1060 { |
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1061 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/27", |
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1062 "id": "27", |
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1063 "title": "Request for foo" |
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1064 }, |
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1065 ... |
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1066 |
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1067 selectize.js will look at these objects (as passed to |
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1068 callback(res.data.collection)) and create a select list from the each |
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1069 object showing the user the labelField (title) for each object and |
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1070 associating each title with the corresponding valueField (id). The |
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1071 example above has 440 issues returned from a total of 2000 |
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1072 issues. Only 440 had the word "request" somewhere in the title greatly |
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1073 reducing the amount of data that needed to be transferred. |
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1074 |
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1075 Similar code can be set up to search a large list of keywords using:: |
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1076 |
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1077 .../rest/data/keyword?@verbose=2&name=some |
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1078 |
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1079 which would return: "some keyword" "awesome" "somebody" making |
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1080 selections for links and multilinks much easier. |
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1081 |
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1082 A get on a collection endpoint can include other properties. Why do we |
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1083 want this? Selectize.js can set up option groups (optgroups) in the |
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1084 select pulldown. So by including status in the returned data using |
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1085 a url like ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&@fields=status`` |
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1086 we get:: |
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1087 |
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1088 { |
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1089 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/1001", |
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1090 "title": "Request for Broken PC", |
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1091 "id": "1001", |
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1092 "status": { |
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1093 "link": "https://.../rest/data/status/6", |
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1094 "id": "6", |
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1095 "name": "resolved" |
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1096 } |
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1097 } |
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1098 |
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1099 a select widget like:: |
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1100 |
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1101 === New === |
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1102 A request |
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1103 === Open === |
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1104 Request for bar |
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1105 Request for foo |
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1106 |
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1107 etc. can be generated. Also depending on the javascript library, other |
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1108 fields can be used for subsearch and sorting. |
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1109 |
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1110 |
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1111 Programming the REST API |
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1112 ------------------------ |
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1113 |
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1114 You can extend the rest api for a tracker. This describes how to add |
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1115 new rest end points. At some point it will also describe the rest.py |
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1116 structure and implementation. |
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1117 |
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1118 Adding new rest endpoints |
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1119 ========================= |
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1120 |
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1121 Add or edit the file interfaces.py at the root of the tracker |
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1122 directory. |
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1123 |
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1124 In that file add:: |
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1125 |
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1126 from roundup.rest import Routing, RestfulInstance, _data_decorator |
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1127 from roundup.exceptions import Unauthorised |
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1128 |
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1129 class RestfulInstance: |
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1130 |
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1131 @Routing.route("/summary2") |
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1132 @_data_decorator |
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1133 def summary2(self, input): |
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1134 result = { "hello": "world" } |
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1135 return 200, result |
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1136 |
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1137 will make a new endpoint .../rest/summary2 that you can test with:: |
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1138 |
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1139 $ curl -X GET .../rest/summary2 |
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1140 { |
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1141 "data": { |
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1142 "hello": "world" |
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1143 } |
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1144 } |
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1145 |
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1146 Similarly appending this to interfaces.py after summary2:: |
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1147 |
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1148 # handle more endpoints |
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1149 @Routing.route("/data/<:class_name>/@schema", 'GET') |
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1150 def get_element_schema(self, class_name, input): |
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1151 result = { "schema": {} } |
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1152 uid = self.db.getuid () |
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1153 if not self.db.security.hasPermission('View', uid, class_name) : |
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1154 raise Unauthorised('Permission to view %s denied' % class_name) |
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1155 |
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1156 class_obj = self.db.getclass(class_name) |
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1157 props = class_obj.getprops(protected=False) |
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1158 schema = result['schema'] |
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1159 |
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1160 for prop in props: |
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1161 schema[prop] = { "type": repr(class_obj.properties[prop]) } |
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1162 |
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1163 return result |
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1164 |
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1165 .. |
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1166 the # comment in the example is needed to preserve indention under Class. |
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1167 |
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1168 returns some data about the class:: |
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1169 |
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1170 $ curl -X GET .../rest/data/issue/@schema |
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1171 { |
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1172 "schema": { |
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1173 "keyword": { |
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1174 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Multilink to \"keyword\">" |
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1175 }, |
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1176 "title": { |
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1177 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.String>" |
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1178 }, |
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1179 "files": { |
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1180 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Multilink to \"file\">" |
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1181 }, |
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1182 "status": { |
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1183 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Link to \"status\">" |
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1184 }, ... |
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1185 } |
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1186 } |
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1187 |
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1188 |
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1189 Adding other endpoints (e.g. to allow an OPTIONS query against |
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1190 ``/data/issue/@schema``) is left as an exercise for the reader. |
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1191 |
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1192 |
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1193 Test Examples |
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1194 ============= |
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1195 |
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1196 Rate limit tests: |
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1197 |
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1198 seq 1 300 | xargs -P 20 -n 1 curl --head -si \ |
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1199 https://.../rest/data/status/new \# | grep Remaining |
