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annotate doc/developers.txt @ 4652:dfbc0cfa9811

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Add an interface to register clearCache callbacks in roundupdb. Sometimes complicated computations may require an application cache. This application can now register a callback to clear the application cache, because roundup knows better when to clear it (usually when a transaction ends, either with rollback or with commit). The interface for this is currently considered experimental. The current interface is registerClearCacheCallback(self, method, param) where method is called with param as the only parameter.
author Ralf Schlatterbeck <rsc@runtux.com>
date Fri, 17 Aug 2012 15:30:36 +0200
parents f275bf39afaa
children ac4ed1b9369f
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1 ==================
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2 Developing Roundup
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3 ==================
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4
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5 .. note::
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6 The intended audience of this document is the developers of the core
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7 Roundup code. If you just wish to alter some behaviour of your Roundup
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8 installation, see `customising roundup`_.
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9
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10 .. contents::
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11
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12 Getting Started
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13 ---------------
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14
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15 Anyone wishing to help in the development of Roundup must read `Roundup's
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16 Design Document`_ and the `implementation notes`_.
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17
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18 All development is coordinated through two resources:
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19
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20 - roundup-dev mailing list at
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21 http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/roundup-devel
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22 - The issue tracker running at
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23 http://issues.roundup-tracker.org/
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24
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25 Website, wiki
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26 -------------
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27
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28 1. ssh -t <username>,roundup@shell.sourceforge.net create
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29 Docs: http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/sourceforge/wiki/Shell%20service
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30 2. cd /home/groups/r/ro/roundup
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31 3. follow instructions in README.txt
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32
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33
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34 Issue Tracker
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35 -------------
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36
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37 The tracker resides on psf.upfronthosting.co.za.
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38 (2012-07-04) 2048 c4:ad:63:92:1b:c0:4a:35:c8:c5:3e:96:51:c0:88:67 (RSA)
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39
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40 The roundup installation belongs to the user roundup.
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41 In ~roundup, all trackers are stored and the roundup code itself.
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42 roundup is started through /etc/init.d/roundup;
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43 other parts of the installation are started through
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44 /etc/init.d/{postgresql-8-1,spambayes,postfix}.
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45
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46 The machine is operated by Upfronthosting in South Africa. The meta
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47 tracker is http://psf.upfronthosting.co.za/roundup/meta/
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48 In this tracker, Upfronthosting people are the users izak and roche.
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49
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50 The Roundup tracker http://issues.roundup-tracker.org/ is in
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51 ~roundup/trackers/roundup
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52
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53 The configuration is in the "website/issues" section of Roundup's
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54 Mercurical SCM repository and copied manually to the live tracker.
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55
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56 A checkout of the roundup sources is in ~roundup/src/roundup-src.
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57
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59 Small Changes
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60 -------------
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61
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62 Most small changes can be submitted through the issue tracker, with
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63 patches attached that give context diffs of the affected source.
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66 Source Repository Access
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67 ------------------------
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69 See http://www.roundup-tracker.org/code.html.
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70 For all other questions ask on the development mailinglist.
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72
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73 Project Rules
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74 -------------
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75
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76 Mostly the project follows Guido's Style (though naming tends to be a little
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77 relaxed sometimes). In short:
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78
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79 - 80 column width code
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80 - 4-space indentations
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81 - All modules must have an Id line near the top
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82
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83 Other project rules:
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84
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85 - New functionality must be documented, even briefly (so at least we know
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86 where there's missing documentation) and changes to tracker configuration
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87 must be logged in the upgrading document.
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88 - subscribe to roundup-checkins to receive checkin notifications from the
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89 other developers with write access to the source-code repository.
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90 - discuss any changes with the other developers on roundup-dev. If nothing
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91 else, this makes sure there's no rude shocks
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92 - write unit tests for changes you make (where possible), and ensure that
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93 all unit tests run before committing changes
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94 - run pychecker over changed code
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95
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96 The administrators of the project reserve the right to boot developers who
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97 consistently check in code which is either broken or takes the codebase in
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98 directions that have not been agreed to.
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99
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100
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101 Debugging Aids
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102 --------------
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103
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104 See `debugging.txt`_.
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105
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106 Internationalization Notes
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107 --------------------------
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108
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109 How stuff works:
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110
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111 1. Strings that may require translation (messages in human language)
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112 are marked in the source code. This step is discussed in
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113 `Marking Strings for Translation`_ section.
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114
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115 2. These strings are all extracted into Message Template File
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116 ``locale/roundup.pot`` (_`POT` file). See `Extracting Translatable
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117 Messages`_ below.
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118
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119 3. Language teams use POT file to make Message Files for national
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120 languages (_`PO` files). All PO files for Roundup are kept in
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121 the ``locale`` directory. Names of these files are target
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122 locale names, usually just 2-letter language codes. `Translating
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123 Messages`_ section of this chapter gives useful hints for
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124 message translators.
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125
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126 4. Translated Message Files are compiled into binary form (_`MO` files)
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127 and stored in ``locale`` directory (but not kept in the source code
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128 repository, as they may be easily made from PO files).
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129 See `Compiling Message Catalogs`_ section.
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130
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131 5. Roundup installer creates runtime locale structure on the file
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132 system, putting MO files in their appropriate places.
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133
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134 6. Runtime internationalization (_`I18N`) services use these MO files
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135 to translate program messages into language selected by current
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136 Roundup user. Roundup command line interface uses locale name
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137 set in OS environment variable ``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``,
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138 ``LC_MESSAGES``, or ``LANG`` (in that order). Roundup Web User
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139 Interface uses language selected by currently authenticated user.
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140
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141 Additional details may be found in `GNU gettext`_ and Python `gettext
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142 module`_ documentation.
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143
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144 `Roundup source distribution`_ includes POT and PO files for message
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145 translators, and also pre-built MO files to facilitate installations
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146 from source. Roundup binary distribution includes MO files only.
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147
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148 .. _GNU gettext:
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149
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150 GNU gettext package
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151 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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152
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153 This chapter is full of references to GNU `gettext package`_.
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154 GNU gettext is a "must have" for nearly all steps of internationalizing
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155 any program, and it's manual is definetely a recommended reading
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156 for people involved in `I18N`_.
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157
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158 There are GNU gettext ports to all major OS platforms.
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159 Windows binaries are available from `GNU mirror sites`_.
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160
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161 Roundup does not use GNU gettext at runtime, but it's tools
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162 are used for `extracting translatable messages`_, `compiling
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163 message catalogs`_ and, optionally, for `translating messages`_.
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164
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165 Note that ``gettext`` package in some OS distributions means just
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166 runtime tools and libraries. In such cases gettext development tools
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167 are usually distributed in separate package named ``gettext-devel``.
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168
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169 Marking Strings for Translation
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170 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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171
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172 Strings that need translation must be marked in the source code.
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173 Following subsections explain how this is done in different cases.
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174
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175 If translatable string is used as a format string, it is recommended
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176 to always use *named* format specifiers::
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177
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178 _('Index of %(classname)s') % locals()
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179
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180 This helps translators to better understand the context of the
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181 message and, with Python formatting, remove format specifier altogether
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182 (which is sometimes useful, especially in singular cases of `Plural Forms`_).
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183
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184 When there is more than one format specifier in the translatable
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185 format string, named format specifiers **must** be used almost always,
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186 because translation may require different order of items.
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187
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188 It is better to *not* mark for translation strings that are not
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189 locale-dependent, as this makes it more difficult to keep track
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190 of translation completeness. For example, string ``</ol></body></html>``
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191 (in ``index()`` method of the request handler in ``roundup_server``
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192 script) has no human readable parts at all, and needs no translations.
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193 Such strings are left untranslated in PO files, and are reported
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194 as such by PO status checkers (e.g. ``msgfmt --statistics``).
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195
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196 Command Line Interfaces
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197 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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198
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199 Scripts and routines run from the command line use "static" language
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200 defined by environment variables recognized by ``gettext`` module
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201 from Python library (``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``, ``LC_MESSAGES``, and
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202 ``LANG``). Primarilly, these are ``roundup-admin`` script and
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203 ``admin.py`` module, but also help texts and startup error messages
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204 in other scripts and their supporting modules.
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205
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206 For these interfaces, Python ``gettext`` engine must be initialized
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207 to use Roundup message catalogs. This is normally done by including
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208 the following line in the module imports::
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209
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210 from i18n import _, ngettext
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211
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212 Simple translations are automatically marked by calls to builtin
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213 message translation function ``_()``::
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214
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215 print _("This message is translated")
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216
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217 Translations for messages whose grammatical depends on a number
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218 must be done by ``ngettext()`` function::
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219
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220 print ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files", number_of_files_nuked)
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221
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222 Deferred Translations
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223 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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224
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225 Sometimes translatable strings appear in the source code in untranslated
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226 form [#note_admin.py]_ and must be translated elsewhere.
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227 Example::
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228
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229 for meal in ("spam", "egg", "beacon"):
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230 print _(meal)
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231
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232 In such cases, strings must be marked for translation without actual
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233 call to the translating function. To mark these strings, we use Python
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234 feature of automatic concatenation of adjacent strings and different
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235 types of string quotes::
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236
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237 strings_to_translate = (
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238 ''"This string will be translated",
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239 ""'me too',
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240 ''r"\raw string",
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241 ''"""
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242 multiline string"""
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243 )
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244
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245 .. [#note_admin.py] In current Roundup sources, this feature is
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246 extensively used in the ``admin`` module using method docstrings
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247 as help messages.
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248
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249 Web User Interface
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250 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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251
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252 For Web User Interface, translation services are provided by Client
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253 object. Action classes have methods ``_()`` and ``gettext()``,
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254 delegating translation to the Client instance. In HTML templates,
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255 translator object is available as context variable ``i18n``.
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256
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257 HTML templates have special markup for translatable strings.
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258 The syntax for this markup is defined on `ZPTInternationalizationSupport`_
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259 page. Roundup translation service currently ignores values for
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260 ``i18n:domain``, ``i18n:source`` and ``i18n:target``.
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261
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262 Template markup examples:
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263
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264 * simplest case::
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265
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266 <div i18n:translate="">
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267 Say
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268 no
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269 more!
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270 </div>
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271
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272 this will result in msgid ``"Say no more!"``, with all leading and
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273 trailing whitespace stripped, and inner blanks replaced with single
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274 space character.
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275
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276 * using variable slots::
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277
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278 <div i18n:translate="">
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279 And now...<br/>
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280 No.<span tal:replace="number" i18n:name="slideNo" /><br/>
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281 THE LARCH
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282 </div>
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283
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284 Msgid will be: ``"And now...<br /> No.${slideNo}<br /> THE LARCH"``.
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285 Template rendering will use context variable ``number`` (you may use
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286 any expression) to put instead of ``${slideNo}`` in translation.
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287
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288 * attribute translation::
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289
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290 <button name="btn_wink" value=" Wink " i18n:attributes="value" />
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291
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292 will translate the caption (and return value) for the "wink" button.
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293
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294 * explicit msgids. Sometimes it may be useful to specify msgid
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295 for the element translation explicitely, like this::
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296
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297 <span i18n:translate="know what i mean?">this text is ignored</span>
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298
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299 When rendered, element contents will be replaced by translation
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300 of the string specified in ``i18n:translate`` attribute.
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301
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302 * ``i18n`` in `TALES`_. You may translate strings in `TALES`_ python
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303 expressions::
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304
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305 <span tal:replace="python: i18n.gettext('Oh, wicked.')" />
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306
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307 * plural forms. There is no markup for plural forms in `TAL`_ i18n.
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308 You must use python expression for that::
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309
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310 <span tal:replace="python: i18n.ngettext(
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311 'Oh but it\'s only %i shilling.',
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312 'Oh but it\'s only %i shillings.',
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313 fine) % fine"
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314 />
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315
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316 Extracting Translatable Messages
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317 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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318
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319 The most common tool for message extraction is ``xgettext`` utility
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320 from `GNU gettext package`_. Unfortunately, this utility has no means
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321 of `Deferred Translations`_ in Python sources. There is ``xpot`` tool
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322 from Francois Pinard free `PO utilities`_ that allows to mark strings
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323 for deferred translations, but it does not handle `plural forms`_.
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324
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325 Roundup overcomes these limitations by using both of these utilities.
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326 This means that you need both `GNU gettext`_ tools and `PO utilities`_
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327 to build the Message Template File yourself.
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328
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329 Latest Message Template File is kept in the source code repository
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330 and distributed with `Roundup Source`_.
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331 If you wish to rebuild the template yourself,
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332 make sure that you have both ``xpot`` and ``xgettext`` installed and
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333 just run ``gmake`` (or ``make``, if you are on a `GNU`_ system like
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334 `linux`_ or `cygwin`_) in the ``locale`` directory.
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335
2832
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336 For on-site i18n, Roundup provides command-line utility::
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337
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338 roundup-gettext <tracker_home>
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339
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340 extracting translatable messages from tracker's html templates.
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341 This utility creates message template file ``messages.pot`` in
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342 ``locale`` subdirectory of the tracker home directory. Translated
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343 messages may be put in *locale*.po files (where *locale* is selected
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344 locale name) in the same directory, e.g.: ``locale/ru.po``.
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345 These message catalogs are searched prior to system-wide translations
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346 kept in the ``share`` directory.
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347
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348 Translating Messages
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349 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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350
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351 Gettext Message File (`PO`_ file) is a plain text file, that can be created
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352 by simple copying ``roundup.pot`` to new .po file, like this::
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353
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354 $ cp roundup.pot ru.po
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355
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356 The name of PO file is target locale name, usually just 2-letter language
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357 code (``ru`` for Russian in the above example). Alternatively, PO file
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358 may be initialized by ``msginit`` utility from `GNU gettext`_ tools::
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359
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360 $ msginit -i roundup.pot
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361
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362 ``msginit`` will check your current locale, and initialize the header
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363 entry, setting language name, rules for `plural forms`_ and, if available,
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364 translator's name and email address. The name for PO file is also chosen
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365 based on current locale.
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366
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367 Next, you will need to edit this file, filling all ``msgstr`` lines with
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368 translations of the above ``msgid`` entries. PO file is a plain text
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369 file that can be edited with any text editor. However, there are several
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370 tools that may help you with this process:
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371
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372 - `poEdit`_ by Vaclav Slavik. Very nice cross-platform GUI editor.
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373
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374 - `KBabel`_. Being part of `KDE`_, it works in X windows only.
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375 At the first glance looks pretty hairy, with all bells and whistles.
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376 Haven't had much experience with it, though.
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377
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378 - ``po-mode`` for `emacs`_. One of `GNU gettext`_ tools. Very handy,
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379 definitely recommended if you are comfortable with emacs. Cannot
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380 handle `plural forms`_ per se, but allows to edit them in simple
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381 text mode.
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382
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383 - `po filetype plugin`_ for `vim`_. Does not do as much as ``po-mode``,
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384 but helps in finding untranslated and fuzzy strings, and checking
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385 code references. Please contact `alexander smishlajev`_ if you
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386 prefer this, as i have patched this plugin a bit. I have also
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387 informed the original plugin author about these changes, but got
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388 no reply so far.
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389
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390 Compiling Message Catalogs
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391 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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392
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393 Message catalogs (`PO`_ files) must be compiled into binary form
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394 (`MO`_ files) before they can be used in the application. This
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395 compilation is handled by ``msgfmt`` utility from `GNU gettext`_
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396 tools. ``GNUmakefile`` in the ``locale`` directory automatically
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397 compiles all existing message catalogs after updating them from
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398 Roundup source files. If you wish to rebuild an individual `MO`_
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399 file without making everything else, you may, for example::
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400
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401 $ msgfmt --statistics -o ru.mo ru.po
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402
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403 This way, message translators can check their `PO`_ files without
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404 extracting strings from source. (Note: String extraction requires
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405 additional utility that is not part of `GNU gettext`_. See `Extracting
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406 Translatable Messages`_.)
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407
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408 At run time, Roundup automatically compiles message catalogs whenever
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409 `PO`_ file is changed.
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410
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411 .. _`Customising Roundup`: customizing.html
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412 .. _`Roundup's Design Document`: spec.html
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413 .. _`implementation notes`: implementation.html
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414
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415
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416 .. _External hyperlink targets:
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417
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418 .. _alexander smishlajev:
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419 .. _als: http://sourceforge.net/users/a1s/
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420 .. _cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com/
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421 .. _emacs: http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
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422 .. _gettext package: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
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423 .. _gettext module: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-gettext.html
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424 .. _GNU: http://www.gnu.org/
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425 .. _GNU mirror sites: http://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.html
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426 .. _KBabel: http://i18n.kde.org/tools/kbabel/
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427 .. _KDE: http://www.kde.org/
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428 .. _linux: http://www.linux.org/
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429 .. _Plural Forms:
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430 http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/gettext_150.html
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431 .. _po filetype plugin:
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432 http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=695
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433 .. _PO utilities: http://po-utils.progiciels-bpi.ca/
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434 .. _poEdit: http://poedit.sourceforge.net/
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435 .. _Roundup Source:
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436 .. _Roundup source distribution:
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437 .. _Roundup binary distribution:
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438 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=31577
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439 .. _TAL:
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440 .. _Template Attribute Language:
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441 http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ZPT/TAL%20Specification%201.4
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442 .. _TALES:
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443 .. _Template Attribute Language Expression Syntax:
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444 http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ZPT/TALES%20Specification%201.3
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445 .. _vim: http://www.vim.org/
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446 .. _ZPTInternationalizationSupport: http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ComponentArchitecture/ZPTInternationalizationSupport
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447
Roundup Issue Tracker: http://roundup-tracker.org/