Mercurial > p > roundup > code
annotate doc/rest.txt @ 5883:da417bab5cb8
Add more programming rest interface examples. Fix broken link.
| author | John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org> |
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| date | Sun, 29 Sep 2019 22:01:09 -0400 |
| parents | 94a7669677ae |
| children | 30b76c165ee6 |
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1 |
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2 ==================== |
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3 REST API for Roundup |
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4 ==================== |
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5 |
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6 .. contents:: |
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7 :local: |
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8 :depth: 3 |
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9 |
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10 Introduction |
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11 ------------ |
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12 |
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13 After the last 1.6.0 Release, a REST-API developed in 2015 during a |
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14 Google Summer of Code (GSOC) by Chau Nguyen, supervised by Ezio |
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15 Melotti was integrated. The code was updated by Ralf Schlatterbeck |
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16 and John Rouillard to fix some shortcomings and provide the necessary |
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17 functions for a single page web application, e.g. etag support, |
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18 pagination, field embedding among others. |
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19 |
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20 Enabling the REST API |
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21 --------------------- |
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22 |
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23 The REST API can be disabled in the ``[web]`` section of ``config.ini`` |
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24 via the variable ``enable_rest`` which is ``yes`` by default. |
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25 |
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26 Users have to be authorized to use the rest api. The user must have |
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27 "Rest Access" permission. To add this to the "User" role change |
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28 schema.py to add:: |
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29 |
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30 db.security.addPermissionToRole('User', 'Rest Access') |
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31 |
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32 This is usually included near where other permissions like "Web Access" |
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33 or "Email Access" are assigned. |
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34 |
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35 The REST api is reached via the ``/rest/`` endpoint of the tracker |
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36 URL. Partial URLs paths below (not starting with https) will have |
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37 /rest removed for brevity. |
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38 |
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39 Make sure that the ``secret_key`` option is defined in the |
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40 ``[web]`` section of your tracker's ``config.ini``. Following the |
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41 `upgrading directions`_ using ``roundup-admin ... updateconfig |
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42 ...`` will generate the ``secret_key`` comments and setting. Then |
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43 you can merge this into your ``config.ini``. If you are |
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44 installing a new tracker with ``roundup-admin ... install`` the |
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45 ``secret_key`` value is automatically set to some random value. |
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46 |
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47 If ``secret_key`` is not set, the etag value returned by a REST |
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48 call will be change on every call even though the item has not |
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49 changed. |
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50 |
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51 .. _upgrading directions: upgrading.html |
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52 |
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53 Preventing CSRF Attacks |
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54 ======================= |
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55 |
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56 Clients should set the header X-REQUESTED-WITH to any value and the |
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57 tracker's config.ini should have ``csrf_enforce_header_x-requested-with |
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58 = yes`` or ``required``. |
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59 |
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60 Rate Limiting the API |
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61 ===================== |
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62 |
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63 This is a work in progress. Check the release notes to see if your |
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64 version of roundup includes Rate Limiting for the API (which is |
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65 different from rate limiting login attempts on the web interface). |
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66 |
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67 This is enabled by setting the ``api_calls_per_interval`` and |
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68 ``api_interval_in_sec`` configuration parameters in the ``[web]`` |
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69 section of ``config.ini``. The settings are documented in the |
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70 config.ini file. |
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71 |
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72 If ``api_calls_per_interval = 60`` and ``api_interval_in_sec = 60`` |
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73 the user can make 60 calls in a minute. They can use them all up in the |
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74 first second and then get one call back every second. With |
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75 ``api_calls_per_interval = 60`` and ``api_interval_in_sec = 3600`` (1 |
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76 hour) they can use all 60 calls in the first second and they get one |
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77 additional call every 10 seconds. ``api_calls_per_interval`` is the |
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78 burst rate that you are willing to allow within `api_interval_in_sec`` |
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79 seconds. The average rate of use is the ratio of |
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80 ``api_calls_per_interval/api_interval_in_sec``. So you can have many |
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81 values that permit one call per second on average: 1/1, 60/60, |
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82 3600/3600, but they all have a different maximum burst rates: 1/sec, |
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83 60/sec and 3600/sec. |
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84 |
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85 A single page app may make 20 or 30 calls to populate the page (e.g. a |
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86 list of open issues). Then wait a few seconds for the user to select |
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87 an issue. When displaying the issue, it needs another 20 or calls to |
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88 populate status dropdowns, pull the first 10 messages in the issue |
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89 etc. Controlling the burst rate as well as the average rate is a |
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90 tuning exercise left for the tracker admin. |
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91 |
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92 Also the rate limit is a little lossy. Under heavy load, it is |
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93 possible for it to miscount allowing more than burst count. Errors of |
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94 up to 10% have been seen on slower hardware. |
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95 |
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96 Client API |
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97 ---------- |
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98 |
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99 The top-level REST url ``/rest/`` will display the current version of |
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100 the REST API (Version 1 as of this writing) and some links to relevant |
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101 endpoints of the API. In the following the ``/rest`` prefix is omitted |
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102 from relative REST-API links for brevity. |
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103 |
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104 Headers |
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105 ======= |
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106 |
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107 If rate limiting is enabled there are 3 "standard" headers: |
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108 |
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109 **X-RateLimit-Limit**: Calls allowed per period. |
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110 |
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111 **X-RateLimit-Remaining**: Calls available to be completed in this window. |
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112 |
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113 **X-RateLimit-Reset**: window ends in this many seconds. (Note, |
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114 not an epoch timestamp). After this time, all |
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115 X-RateLimit-Limit calls are available again. |
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116 |
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117 and one helpful header to report the period that is missing |
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118 from other lists of rate limit headers: |
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119 |
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120 **X-RateLimit-Limit-Period**: Defines period in seconds for X-RateLimit-Limit. |
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121 |
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122 Also if the user has exceeded the rate limit, this header is added: |
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123 |
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124 **Retry-After**: The number of second to wait until 1 api call will succeed. |
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125 |
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126 |
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127 General Guidelines |
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128 ================== |
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129 |
| 5854 | 130 Performing a ``GET`` on an item or property of an item will return an |
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131 ETag header or an @etag property. This needs to be submitted with |
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132 ``DELETE``, ``PUT`` and ``PATCH`` operations on the item using an |
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133 ``If-Match`` header or an ``"@etag`` property in the data payload if |
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134 the method supports a payload. |
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135 |
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136 The exact details of returned data is determined by the value of the |
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137 ``@verbose`` query parameter. The various supported values and their |
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138 effects are described in the following sections. |
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139 |
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140 The default return format is JSON. If you add the ``dicttoxml.py`` |
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141 module you can request XML formatted data using the header ``Accept: |
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142 application/xml`` in your request. Both output formats are similar in |
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143 structure. |
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144 |
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145 All output is wrapped in an envelope called ``data``. |
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146 |
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147 When using collection endpoints (think list of issues, users ...), the |
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148 ``data`` envelope contains metadata (e.g. total number of items) as |
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149 well as a ``collections`` list of objects:: |
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150 |
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151 { "data": { |
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152 "meta data field1": "value", |
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153 "meta data field2": "value", |
| 5854 | 154 "collection": [ |
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155 { "link": "url to item", |
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156 "id": "internal identifier for item" }, |
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157 { "link": "url to second item", |
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158 "id": "id item 2" }, |
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159 ... ] |
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160 "@links": { |
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161 "relation": [ |
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162 { "rel": "relation/subrelation", |
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163 "uri": "uri to use to implement relation" }, |
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164 ... |
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165 ], |
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166 "relation2": [ {...} ], ... |
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167 } |
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168 } |
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169 } |
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170 |
| 5854 | 171 available meta data is described in the documentation for the |
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172 collections endpoint. |
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173 |
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174 The ``link`` fields implement HATEOS by supplying a url for the |
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175 resource represented by that object. The "link" parameter with the |
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176 value of a url is a special case of the @links parameter. |
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177 |
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178 In the @links object, each relationship is a list of full link json |
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179 objects. These include rel (relationship) and uri properties. In the |
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180 future this may be extended to include other data like content-type. |
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181 However including a full @links object for every item includes a lot |
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182 of overhead since in most cases only the self relationship needs to be |
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183 represented. |
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184 |
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185 Because every object, link and multilink ends up getting a url, the |
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186 shorter 'link' representation is used for this special case. The |
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187 ``link`` property expresses the ``self`` relationship and its value is |
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188 the uri property of the full link object. In collections, properties |
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189 from each item can be embedded in the returned data (see ``@fields`` |
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190 below). This can not be done if the property is called link as that |
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191 conflicts with the self url. |
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192 |
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193 When using an item endpoint (think an individual issue), metadata is |
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194 included in the ``data`` envelope. Inside of the envelope, the |
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195 ``attributes`` object contains the data for the field/properties of |
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196 the issue. Example:: |
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197 |
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198 { "data": { |
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199 "meta data field1": "value", |
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200 "type": "type of item, issue, user ..." |
| 5854 | 201 "link": "link to retrieve item", |
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202 "attributes": { |
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203 "title": "title of issue", |
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204 "nosy": [ |
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205 { "link": "url for user4", |
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206 "id": "4" } |
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207 ], |
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208 |
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209 ... } |
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210 } |
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211 } |
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212 |
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213 Using a property endpoint (e.g. title or nosy list for an issue) the |
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214 ``data`` wrapper has a ``data`` subfield that represents the value of |
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215 the property. This ``data`` subfield may be a simple string (all types |
| 5854 | 216 except multilink) or a list of strings (multilink |
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217 properties). Example:: |
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218 |
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219 { "data": { |
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220 "type": "description of class", |
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221 "@etag": "\"f15e6942f00a41960de45f9413684591\"", |
| 5854 | 222 "link": "link to retrieve property", |
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223 "id": "id for object with this property", |
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224 "data": "value of property" |
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225 } |
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226 } |
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227 |
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228 |
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229 Special Endpoints |
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230 ================= |
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231 |
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232 There are a few special endpoints that provide some additional data. |
| 5854 | 233 Tracker administrators can add new endpoints. See |
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234 "Programming the REST API"_ below. |
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235 |
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236 /summary |
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237 ^^^^^^^^ |
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238 |
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239 A Summary page can be reached via ``/summary`` via the ``GET`` method. |
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240 This is currently hard-coded for the standard tracker schema shipped |
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241 with roundup and will display a summary of open issues. |
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242 |
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243 /data |
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244 ^^^^^ |
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245 |
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246 This is the primary entry point for data from the tracker. |
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247 |
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248 The ``/data`` link will display a set of classes of the tracker. All |
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249 classes can be reached via ``/data/<classname>`` where ``<classname>`` |
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250 is replace with the name of the class to query, e.g. ``/data/issue``. |
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251 Individual items of a class (e.g. a single issue) can be queried by |
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252 giving the issue-id, e.g., ``/data/issue/42``. Individual properties of |
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253 an item can be queried by appending the property, e.g., |
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254 ``/data/issue/42/title``. |
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255 |
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256 |
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257 All the links mentioned in the following support the http method ``GET``. |
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258 Results of a ``GET`` request will always return the results as a |
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259 dictionary with the entry ``data`` referring to the returned data. |
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260 |
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261 Details are in the sections below. |
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262 |
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263 /data/\ *class* Collection |
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264 ========================== |
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265 |
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266 When performing the ``GET`` method on a class (e.g. ``/data/issue``), |
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267 the ``data`` object includes the number of items available in |
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268 ``@total_size``. A a ``collection`` list follows which contains the id |
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269 and link to the respective item. For example a get on |
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270 https://.../rest/data/issue returns:: |
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271 |
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272 { |
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273 "data": { |
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274 "collection": [ |
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275 { |
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276 "id": "1", |
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277 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/1" |
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278 }, |
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279 { |
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280 "id": "100", |
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281 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/100" |
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282 } |
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283 ... |
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284 ], |
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285 "@total_size": 171 |
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286 } |
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287 } |
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288 |
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289 Collection endpoints support a number of features as seen in the next |
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290 sections. |
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291 |
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292 Searching |
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293 ^^^^^^^^^ |
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294 |
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295 Searching is done by adding roundup field names and values as query |
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296 parameters. Using: https://.../rest/data/issue you can search using: |
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297 |
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298 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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299 :header-rows: 1 |
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300 :widths: 20 20 80 |
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301 |
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302 * - Query parameter |
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303 - Field type |
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304 - Explanation |
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305 * - ``title=foo`` |
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306 - String |
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307 - perform a substring search and find any issue with the word foo |
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308 in the title. |
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309 * - ``status=2`` |
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310 - Link |
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311 - find any issue whose status link is set to the id 2. |
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312 * - ``status=open`` |
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313 - Link |
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314 - find any issue where the name of the status is open. |
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315 Note this is not a string match so using nosy=ope will fail. |
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316 * - ``nosy=1`` |
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317 - MultiLink |
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318 - find any issue where the multilink nosy includes the id 1. |
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319 * - ``nosy=admin`` |
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320 - MultiLink |
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321 - find any issue where the multilink nosy includes the user admin. |
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322 Note this is not a string match so using nosy=admi will fail. |
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323 * - ``booleanfield=1`` - also values: true, TRUE, yes, YES etc. Other |
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324 values match false. |
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325 - Boolean |
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326 - find an issue with the boolean field set to true. |
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327 |
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328 As seen above, Links and Multilinks can be specified numerically or |
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329 symbolically, e.g., searching for issues in status ``closed`` can be |
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330 achieved by searching for ``status=closed`` or ``status=3`` (provided |
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331 the ``closed`` status has ID 3). Note that even though the symbolic |
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332 name is a string, in this case it is also a key value. As a result it |
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333 only does an exact match. |
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334 |
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335 Searching for strings (e.g. the issue title, or a keyword name) |
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336 performs a case-insensitive substring search, so searching for |
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337 title=Something will find all issues with "Something" or "someThing", |
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338 etc. in the title. There is currently no way to perform an exact |
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339 string match. |
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340 |
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341 To make this clear, searching |
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342 ``https://.../rest/data/issue?keyword=foo`` will not work unless there |
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343 is a keyword with a name field of ``foo`` which is the key field of |
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344 the keyword. However searching the text property ``name`` using |
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345 ``https://.../rest/data/keyword?name=foo`` (note searching keyword |
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346 class not issue class) will return matches for ``foo``, ``foobar``, |
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347 ``foo taz`` etc. |
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348 |
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349 In all cases the field ``@total_size`` is reported which is the total |
| 5854 | 350 number of items available if you were to retrieve all of them. |
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351 |
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352 Other data types: Date, Interval Integer, Number need examples and may |
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353 need work to allow range searches. Full text search (e.g. over the |
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354 body of msgs) is a work in progress. |
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355 |
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356 Sorting |
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357 ^^^^^^^ |
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358 |
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359 Collection endpoints support sorting. This is controlled by specifying a |
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360 ``@sort`` parameter with a list of properties of the searched class. |
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361 Optionally properties can include a sign ('+' or '-') to specify |
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362 ascending or descending sort, respectively. If no sign is given, |
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363 ascending sort is selected for this property. The following example |
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364 would sort by status (in ascending order of the status.order property) |
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365 and then by id of an issue:: |
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366 |
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367 @sort=status,-id |
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368 |
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369 |
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370 Pagination |
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371 ^^^^^^^^^^ |
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372 |
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373 Collection endpoints support pagination. This is controlled by query |
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374 parameters ``@page_size`` and ``@page_index`` (Note the use of the |
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375 leading `@` to make the parameters distinguishable from field names.) |
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376 |
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377 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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378 :header-rows: 1 |
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379 :widths: 20 80 |
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380 |
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381 * - Query parameter |
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382 - Explanation |
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383 * - ``@page_size`` |
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384 - specifies how many items are displayed at once. If no |
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385 ``@page_size`` is specified, all matching items are returned. |
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386 * - ``@page_index`` |
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387 - (which defaults to 1 if not given) specifies which page number |
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388 of ``@page_size`` items is displayed. |
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389 |
| 5854 | 390 Also when pagination is enabled the returned data include pagination |
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391 links along side the collection data. This looks like:: |
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392 |
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393 { "data": |
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394 { |
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395 "collection": { ... }, |
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396 "@total_size": 222, |
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397 "@links": { |
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398 "self": [ |
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399 { |
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400 "uri": |
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401 "https://.../rest/data/issue?@page_index=1&@fields=status&@page_size=5", |
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402 "rel": "self" |
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403 } |
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404 ], |
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405 "next": [ |
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406 { |
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407 "uri": |
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408 "https://.../rest/data/issue?@page_index=2&@fields=status&@page_size=5", |
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409 "rel": "next" |
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410 } |
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411 ] |
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412 } |
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413 } |
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414 } |
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415 |
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416 The ``@links`` parameter is a dictionary indexed by |
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417 relationships. Each relationship is a list of one or more full link |
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418 json objects. Above we have link relations to move to the next |
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419 page. If we weren't at the first page, there would be a ``prev`` |
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420 relation to move to the previous page. Also we have a self relation |
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421 (which is missing the @page_index, hence we are at page 1) that can be |
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422 used to get the same page again. |
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423 |
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424 |
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425 Field embedding and verbose output |
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426 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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427 |
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428 In collections, you can specify what fields should be embedded in the |
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429 returned data. There are some shortcuts provided using the |
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430 ``@verbose`` parameter. All the examples in this section are for a GET |
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431 operation on ``https://.../rest/data/issue``. |
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432 |
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433 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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434 :header-rows: 1 |
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435 :widths: 20 80 |
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436 |
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437 * - Query parameter |
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438 - Explanation |
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439 * - ``@verbose=0`` |
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440 - each item in the collection has its "id" property displayed |
| 5854 | 441 and a link with the URL to retrieve the item. |
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442 * - ``@verbose=1`` |
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443 - for collections this output is the same as ``@verbose=0``. This |
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444 is the default. |
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445 * - ``@verbose=2`` |
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446 - each item in the collection includes the "label" property in |
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447 addition to "id" property and a link for the item. |
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448 This is useful as documented below in "Searches and selection"_. |
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449 * - ``@verbose=3`` |
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450 - will display the content property of messages and files. Note |
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451 warnings about this below. Using this for collections is |
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452 discouraged as it is slow and produces a lot of data. |
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453 * - ``@fields=status,title`` |
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454 - will return the ``status`` and ``title`` fields for the |
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455 displayed issues. It is added to the fields returned by the |
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456 @verbose parameter. Protected properties |
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457 can be included in the list and will be returned. |
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458 |
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459 In addition collections support the ``@fields`` parameter which is a |
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460 colon or comma separated list of fields to embed in the response. For |
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461 example ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2`` is the same as: |
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462 ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@fields=title`` since the label property |
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463 for an issue is its title. You can use both ``@verbose`` and |
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464 ``@fields`` to get additional info. For example |
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465 ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&@fields=status`` returns:: |
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466 |
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467 { |
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468 "data": { |
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469 "collection": [ |
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470 { |
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471 "link": |
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472 "https://.../rest/data/issue/1", |
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473 "title": "Welcome to the tracker START HERE", |
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474 "id": "1", |
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475 "status": { |
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476 "link": |
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477 "https://.../rest/data/status/1", |
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478 "id": "1", |
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479 "name": "new" |
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480 } |
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481 }, |
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482 ... |
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483 } |
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484 |
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485 the format of the status field (included because of |
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486 ``@fields=status``) includes the label for the status. This is due to |
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487 inclusion of ``@verbose=2``. Without verbose you would see:: |
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488 |
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489 { |
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490 "data": { |
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491 "collection": [ |
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492 { |
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493 "link": |
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494 "https://.../rest/data/issue/1", |
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495 "id": "1", |
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496 "status": { |
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497 "link": |
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498 "https://.../rest/data/status/1", |
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499 "id": "1" |
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500 } |
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501 }, |
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502 ... |
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503 } |
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504 |
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505 Note that the ``link`` field that is returned doesn't exist in the |
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506 database. It is a construct of the rest interface. This means that you |
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507 can not set ``@fields=link`` and get the link property included in the |
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508 output. |
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509 |
| 5854 | 510 Also using ``@fields=@etag`` will not work to retrieve the etag for |
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511 items in the collection. |
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512 |
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513 See the `Searches and selection`_ section for the use cases supported |
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514 by these features. |
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515 |
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516 |
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517 Other query params |
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518 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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519 |
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520 This table lists other supported parameters: |
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521 |
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522 .. list-table:: Query Parameters Examples |
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523 :header-rows: 1 |
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524 :widths: 20 80 |
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525 |
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526 * - Query parameter |
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527 - Explanation |
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528 * - ``@pretty=false`` |
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529 - by default json data is pretty printed to make it readable to |
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530 humans. This eases testing and with compression enabled the |
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531 extra whitespace doesn't bloat the returned payload excessively. |
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532 You can disable pretty printing by using this query parameter. |
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533 Note the default is true, so @pretty=true is not supported at |
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534 this time. |
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535 |
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536 Using the POST method |
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537 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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538 |
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539 Only class links support the ``POST`` method for creation of new items |
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540 of a class, e.g., a new issue via the ``/data/issue`` link. The post |
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541 gets a dictionary of keys/values for the new item. It returns the same |
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542 parameters as the GET method after successful creation. |
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543 |
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544 If you perform a get on an item with ``@verbose=0``, it is in the |
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545 correct form to use as a the payload of a post. |
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546 |
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547 |
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548 Safely Re-sending POST |
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549 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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550 |
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551 POST is used to create new object in a class. E.G. a new issue. One |
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552 problem is that a POST may time out. Because it is not idempotent like |
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553 a PUT or DELETE, retrying the interrupted POST may result in the |
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554 creation of a duplicate issue. |
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555 |
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556 To solve this problem, a two step process inspired by the POE - Post |
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557 Once Exactly spec: |
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558 https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-nottingham-http-poe-00 is provided. |
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559 |
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560 This mechanism returns a single use URL. POSTing to the URL creates |
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561 a new object in the class. |
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562 |
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563 First we get the URL. Here is an example using curl:: |
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564 |
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565 curl -u demo:demo -s -X POST -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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566 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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567 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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568 --data '' \ |
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569 https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe |
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570 |
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571 This will return a json payload like:: |
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572 |
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573 { |
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574 "data": { |
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575 "expires": 1555266310.4457426, |
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576 "link": "https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe/vizl713xHtIzANRW9jPb3bWXePRzmehdmSXzEta1" |
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577 } |
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578 } |
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579 |
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580 The value of expires is a Unix timestamp in seconds. In this case it |
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581 has the default lifetime of 30 minutes after the current time. Using |
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582 the link more than 30 minutes into the future will cause a 400 error. |
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583 |
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584 Within 30 minutes, the link can be used to post an issue with the same |
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585 payload that would normally be sent to: |
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586 ``https://.../demo/rest/data/issue``. |
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587 |
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588 For example:: |
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589 |
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590 curl -u demo:demo -s -X POST \ |
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591 -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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592 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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593 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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594 --data-binary '{ "title": "a problem" }' \ |
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595 https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe/vizl713xHtIzANRW9jPb3bWXePRzmehdmSXzEta1 |
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596 |
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597 returns:: |
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598 |
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599 { |
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600 "data": { |
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601 "link": "https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/2280", |
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602 "id": "2280" |
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603 } |
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604 } |
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605 |
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606 Once the @poe link is used and creates an issue, it becomes invalid |
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607 and can't be used again. Posting to it after the issue, or other |
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608 object, is created, results in a 400 error [#poe_retry]_. |
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609 |
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610 Note that POE links are by restricted to the class that was used to |
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611 get the link. So you can only create an issue using the link returned |
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612 from ``rest/data/issue/@poe``. You can create a generic POE link by adding |
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613 the "generic" field to the post payload:: |
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614 |
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615 curl -u demo:demo -s -X POST -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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616 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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617 --data 'lifetime=100&generic=1' \ |
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618 https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe |
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619 |
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620 This will return a link under: ``https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe``:: |
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621 |
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622 { |
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623 "data": { |
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624 "expires": 1555268640.9606116, |
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625 "link": |
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626 "https://.../demo/rest/data/issue/@poe/slPrzmEq6Q9BTjvcKhfxMNZL4uHXjbHCidY1ludZ" |
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627 } |
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628 } |
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629 |
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630 You could use the link and change 'issue' to 'user' and it would work |
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631 to create a user. Creating generic POE tokens is *not* recommended, |
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632 but is available if a use case requires it. |
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633 |
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634 This example also changes the lifetime of the POE url. This link has |
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635 a lifetime of 15 minutes (900 seconds). Using it after 16 minutes will |
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636 result in a 400 error. A lifetime up to 1 hour can be specified. |
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637 |
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638 POE url's are an optional mechanism. If: |
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639 |
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640 * you do not expect your client to retry a failed post, |
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641 * a failed post is unlikely (e.g. you are running over a local lan), |
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642 * there is a human using the client and who can intervene if a post |
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643 fails |
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644 |
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645 you can use the url ``https://.../demo/data/<class>``. However if you |
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646 are using this mechanism to automate creation of objects and will |
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647 automatically retry a post until it succeeds, please use the POE |
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648 mechanism. |
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649 |
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650 .. [#poe_retry] As a future enhancement, performing a POST to the POE |
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651 link soon after it has been used to create an object will |
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652 change. It will not return a 400 error. It will will trigger a |
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653 301 redirect to the url for the created object. After some |
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654 period of time (maybe a week) the POE link will be removed and |
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655 return a 400 error. This is meant to allow the client (a time |
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656 limited way) to retrieve the created resource if the |
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657 response was lost. |
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658 |
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659 Other Supported Methods for Collections |
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660 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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661 |
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662 Supports the ``OPTIONS`` method for determining which methods are |
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663 allowed on a given endpoint. |
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664 |
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665 Does not support PUT, DELETE or PATCH. |
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666 |
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667 /data/\ *class*/\ *id* item |
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668 =========================== |
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669 |
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670 When performing the ``GET`` method on an item |
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671 (e.g. ``/data/issue/42``), a ``link`` attribute contains the link to |
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672 the item, ``id`` contains the id, ``type`` contains the class name |
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673 (e.g. ``issue`` in the example) and an ``etag`` property can be used |
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674 to detect modifications since the last query. |
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675 |
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676 Individual properties of the item are returned in an ``attributes`` |
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677 dictionary. The properties returned depend on the permissions of the |
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678 account used for the query. |
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679 |
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680 By default all (visible to the current user) attributes/properties are |
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681 returned. You can limit this by using the ``@fields`` query parameter |
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682 similar to how it is used in collections. This way you can only return |
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683 the fields you are interested in reducing network load as well as |
|
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684 memory and parsing time on the client side. By default protected |
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685 properties (read only in the database) are not listed. Th |
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686 is makes it easier to submit the attributes from a |
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687 ``@verbose=0`` query using PUT. To include protected properties |
| 5854 | 688 in the output of a GET add the query parameter |
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689 ``@protected=true`` to the query and attributes like: actor, |
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690 created, creator and activity will be include in the result. |
|
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691 |
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692 Link and Multilink properties are displayed as a dictionary with a |
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693 ``link`` and an ``id`` property by default. This is controlled by the |
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694 ``@verbose`` attribute which is set to 1 by default. If set to 0, only |
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695 the id is shown for Link and Multilink attributes. In this form, the |
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696 data can be modified and sent back using ``PUT`` to change the item. |
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697 If set to 2, the label property (usually ``name`` e.g. for status) is |
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698 also put into the dictionary. Content properties of message and file |
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699 object are by default also shown as a dictionary with a sole link |
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700 attribute. The link is the download link for the file or message. If |
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701 @verbose is >= 3, the content property is shown in json as a (possibly |
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702 very long) string. Currently the json serializer cannot handle files |
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703 not properly utf-8 encoded, so specifying @verbose=3 for files is |
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704 currently discouraged. |
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705 |
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706 An example of returned values:: |
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707 |
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708 { |
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709 "data": { |
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710 "type": "issue", |
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711 "@etag": "\"f15e6942f00a41960de45f9413684591\"", |
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712 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/23", |
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713 "attributes": { |
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714 "keyword": [], |
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715 "messages": [ |
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716 { |
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717 "link": "https://.../rest/data/msg/375", |
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718 "id": "375" |
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719 }, |
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720 { |
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721 "link": "https://.../rest/data/msg/376", |
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722 "id": "376" |
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723 }, |
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724 ... |
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725 ], |
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726 "files": [], |
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727 "status": { |
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728 "link": "https://.../rest/data/status/2", |
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729 "id": "2" |
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730 }, |
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731 "title": "This is a title title", |
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732 "superseder": [], |
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733 "nosy": [ |
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734 { |
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735 "link": "https://.../rest/data/user/4", |
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736 "id": "4" |
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737 }, |
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738 { |
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739 "link": "https://.../rest/data/user/5", |
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740 "id": "5" |
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741 } |
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742 ], |
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743 "assignedto": null, |
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744 }, |
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745 "id": "23" |
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746 } |
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747 } |
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748 |
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749 Retrieve item using key value |
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750 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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751 |
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752 If the class has a key attribute, e.g. the 'status' class in the |
|
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753 classic tracker, it can be used to retried the item. |
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754 |
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755 You can get an individual status by specifying the key-attribute value |
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756 e.g. ``/data/status/name=closed``. Note that ``name`` in this example |
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757 must be the key-attribute of the class. A short-form (which might not |
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758 be supported in future version of the API) is to specify only the |
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759 value, e.g. ``/data/status/closed``. This short-form only works when |
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760 you're sure that the key of the class is not numeric. E.G. if the name |
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761 was "7", /data/status/7 would return the status with id 7 not the |
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762 status with name "7". To get the status with name 7, you must use |
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763 the long form /data/status/name=7 |
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764 |
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765 The long-form (with ``=``) is different from a query-parameter like |
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766 ``/data/status?name=closed`` which would find all stati (statuses) |
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767 that have ``closed`` as a substring. |
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768 |
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769 |
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770 Other Supported Methods for Items |
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771 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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772 |
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773 The method ``PUT`` is allowed on individual items, e.g. |
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774 ``/data/issue/42`` On success it returns the same parameters as the |
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775 respective ``GET`` method. Note that for ``PUT`` an Etag has to be |
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776 supplied, either in the request header or as an @etag parameter. An |
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777 example:: |
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778 |
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779 curl -u admin:admin -X PUT \ |
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780 --header 'Referer: https://example.com/demo/' \ |
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781 --header 'X-Requested-With: rest' \ |
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782 --header "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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783 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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784 --header 'If-Match: "dd41f02d6f8b4c34b439fc712b522fb3"' \ |
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785 --data '{ "nosy": [ "1", "5" ] }' \ |
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786 "https://example.com/demo/rest/data/issue/23" |
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787 |
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788 { |
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789 "data": { |
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790 "attribute": { |
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791 "nosy": [ |
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792 "1", |
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793 "5" |
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794 ] |
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795 }, |
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796 "type": "issue", |
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797 "link": |
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798 "https://example.com/demo/rest/data/issue/23", |
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799 "id": "23" |
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800 } |
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801 } |
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802 |
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803 If the above command is repeated with the data attribute:: |
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804 |
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805 --data '{ "nosy": [ "1", "5" ], "title": "This is now my title" }' |
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806 |
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807 this is returned:: |
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808 |
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809 { |
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810 "data": { |
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811 "attribute": { |
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812 "title": "This is now my title" |
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813 }, |
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814 "type": "issue", |
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815 "link": |
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816 "https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/data/issue/23", |
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817 "id": "23" |
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818 } |
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819 } |
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820 |
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821 Note that nosy is not in the attributes returned. It is the same as |
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822 before, so no change has happened and it is not reported. |
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823 Changing both nosy and title:: |
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824 |
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825 curl -u admin:admin -X PUT \ |
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826 --header 'Referer: https://.../' \ |
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827 --header 'X-Requested-With: rest' \ |
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828 --header "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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829 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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830 --header 'If-Match: "8209add59a79713d64f4d1a072aef740"' \ |
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831 --data '{ "nosy": [ "4", "5" ], "title": "This is now my new title" }' \ |
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832 "https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/data/issue/23" |
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833 |
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834 which returns both title and nosy attributes:: |
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835 |
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836 { |
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837 "data": { |
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838 "attribute": { |
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839 "title": "This is now my new title", |
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840 "nosy": [ |
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841 "4", |
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842 "5" |
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843 ] |
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844 }, |
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845 "type": "issue", |
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846 "link": |
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847 "https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/data/issue/23", |
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848 "id": "23" |
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849 } |
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850 } |
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|
851 |
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852 Note that mixing url query parameters with payload submission doesn't |
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853 work. So using:: |
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|
854 |
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855 https://.../rest/data/issue/23?@pretty=false |
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856 |
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857 doesn't have the desired effect. However it can be put in the data |
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858 payload: |
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859 |
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860 curl -u admin:admin ... |
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861 --data '{ "nosy": [ "4", "5" ], "title": "...", "@pretty": "false" }' |
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862 |
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863 produces:: |
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864 |
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865 {"data": {"attribute": {}, "type": "issue", |
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866 "link": "https://...", "id": "23"}} |
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867 |
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868 the lines are wrapped for display purposes, in real life it's one long |
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869 line. |
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870 |
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871 The method ``DELETE`` is allowed on items, e.g., ``/data/issue/42`` |
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872 and will retire (mark as deleted) the respective item. On success it |
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873 will only return a status code. The item is still available if |
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874 accessed directly by it's item url. The item will not show up in |
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875 searches where it would have been matched if not retired. |
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876 |
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877 Finally the ``PATCH`` method can be applied to individual items, e.g., |
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878 ``/data/issue/42``. This method gets an operator ``@op=<method>`` |
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879 where ``<method>`` is one of ``add``, ``replace``, ``remove``. For |
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880 items, an additional operator ``action`` is supported. If no operator |
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881 is specified, the default is ``replace``. The first three operators |
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882 are self explanatory. For an ``action`` operator an ``@action_name`` |
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883 and optional ``@action_argsXXX`` parameters have to be |
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884 supplied. Currently there are only two actions, neither has args, |
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885 namely ``retire`` and ``restore``. The ``retire`` action on an item is |
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886 the same as a ``DELETE`` method, it retires the item. The ``restore`` |
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887 action is the inverse of ``retire``, the item is again visible. On |
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888 success the returned value is the same as the respective ``GET`` |
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889 method. An example to add a user to the nosy list of an item is: |
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890 |
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891 curl -u admin:admin -p -X PATCH \ |
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892 --header "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \ |
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893 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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894 --header 'If-Match: "c6e2d81019acff1da7a2da45f93939bd"' \ |
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895 --data-urlencode '@op=add' \ |
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896 --data 'nosy=3' \ |
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897 "https://.../rest/data/issue/23" |
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|
898 |
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899 which returns:: |
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900 |
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901 { |
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902 "data": { |
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903 "attribute": { |
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904 "nosy": [ |
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905 "3", |
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906 "4" |
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907 ] |
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908 }, |
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909 "type": "issue", |
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910 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/23", |
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911 "id": "23" |
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912 } |
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913 } |
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914 |
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915 Note that the changed values are returned so you can update |
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916 internal state in your app with the new data. |
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917 |
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918 The ``GET`` method on an item (e.g. ``/data/issue/43``) returns an |
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919 ETag in the http header *and* the ``@etag`` value in the json |
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920 payload. When modifying a property via ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` or |
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921 ``DELETE`` the etag value for the item must be supplied using an |
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922 ``If-Match`` header. If you are using ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` an |
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923 ``@etag`` value can be supplied in the payload in place of the |
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924 ``If-Match`` header. |
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925 |
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926 /data/\ *class*/\ *id*/\ *property* field |
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927 ========================================= |
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928 |
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929 A ``GET`` method on a property (e.g. ``/data/issue/42/title``) returns the |
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930 link, an ``@etag``, the type of the property (e.g. "<type str>") the id |
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931 of the item and the content of the property in ``data``. |
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932 |
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933 For example:: |
|
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934 |
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935 { |
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936 "data": { |
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937 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/22/title", |
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938 "data": "I need Broken PC", |
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939 "type": "<class 'str'>", |
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940 "id": "22", |
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941 "@etag": "\"370510512b2d8fc3f98aac3d762cc7b1\"" |
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942 } |
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943 } |
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944 |
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945 |
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946 All endpoints support an ``OPTIONS`` method for determining which |
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947 methods are allowed on a given endpoint. |
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948 |
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949 Other Supported Methods for fields |
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950 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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951 |
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952 The method ``PUT`` is allowed on a property e.g., |
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953 ``/data/issue/42/title``. On success it returns the same parameters as |
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954 the respective ``GET`` method. Note that for ``PUT`` an Etag has to be |
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955 supplied, either in the request header or as an @etag parameter. |
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956 Example using multipart/form-data rather than json:: |
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957 |
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958 curl -vs -u provisional:provisional -X PUT \ |
|
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959 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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960 --data "data=Provisional" \ |
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961 --header "If-Match: 079eba599152f3eed00567e23258fecf" \ |
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962 --data-urlencode "@etag=079eba599152f3eed00567e23258fecf" \ |
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963 "https://.../rest/data/user/5/realname" |
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964 |
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965 This example updates a leadtime field that is declared as an interval |
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966 type:: |
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967 |
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968 curl -vs -u demo:demo -X PUT \ |
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969 --header "Accept: application/json" \ |
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970 --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ |
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971 --header "Referer: https://.../" \ |
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972 --header "x-requested-with: rest" \ |
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973 --header 'If-Match: "e2e6cc43c3475a4a3d9e5343617c11c3"' \ |
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974 --data '{"leadtime": "2d" }' \ |
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975 "https://.../rest/data/issue/10" |
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976 |
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977 It is also possible to call ``DELETE`` on a |
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978 property of an item, e.g., ``/data/issue/42/nosy`` to delete the nosy |
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979 list. The same effect can be achieved with a ``PUT`` request and an |
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980 empty new value. This may fail if the property is required. |
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981 |
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982 The ``PATCH`` method can be applied to properties, e.g., |
|
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983 ``/data/issue/42/title``. This method gets an operator |
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984 ``@op=<method>`` where ``<method>`` is one of ``add``, ``replace``, |
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985 ``remove``. If no operator is specified, the default is ``replace`` |
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986 which is the same as performing a PUT on the field url. ``add`` and |
| 5854 | 987 ``remove`` allow adding and removing values from MultiLink |
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988 properties. This is easier than having to rewrite the entire value for |
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989 the field using the ``replace`` operator or doing a PUT to the field. |
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990 On success the returned value is the same as the respective ``GET`` |
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991 method. |
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992 |
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993 The ``GET`` method on an item (e.g. ``/data/issue/43``) returns an |
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994 ETag in the http header *and* the ``@etag`` value in the json |
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995 payload. When modifying a property via ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` or |
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996 ``DELETE`` the etag value for the item must be supplied using an |
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997 ``If-Match`` header. If you are using ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` an |
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998 ``@etag`` value can be supplied in the payload in place of the |
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999 ``If-Match`` header. |
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1000 |
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1001 Tunneling Methods via POST |
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1002 ========================== |
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1003 |
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1004 If you are working through a proxy and unable to use http method like |
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1005 PUT, PATCH or DELETE you can use POST to perform the action. To tunnel |
| 5854 | 1006 an action through POST, send the ``X-HTTP-METHOD-OVERRIDE`` header |
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1007 with a value of DELETE or other capitalized HTTP verb. The body of the |
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1008 POST should be what you would send if you were using the method |
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1009 without tunneling. |
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1010 |
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1011 Examples and Use Cases |
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1012 ---------------------- |
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1013 |
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1014 sample python client |
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1015 ==================== |
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1016 |
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1017 The client uses the python ``requests`` library for easier interaction |
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1018 with a REST API supporting JSON encoding:: |
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1019 |
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1020 |
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1021 >>> import requests |
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1022 >>> u = 'http://user:password@tracker.example.com/demo/rest/data/' |
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1023 >>> s = requests.session() |
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1024 >>> r = s.get(u + 'issue/42/title') |
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1025 >>> if r.status_code != 200: |
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1026 ... print("Failed: %s: %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason)) |
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1027 ... exit(1) |
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1028 >>> print (r.json() ['data']['data'] |
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1029 TEST Title |
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1030 >>> h = {'X-Requested-With': 'rest', 'Referer': 'http://tracker.example.com/demo/'} |
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1031 >>> r = s.post (u + 'issue', data = dict (title = 'TEST Issue'), headers=h) |
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1032 >>> if not 200 <= r.status_code <= 201: |
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1033 ... print("Failed: %s: %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason)) |
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1034 ... exit(1) |
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1035 >>> print(r.json()) |
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1036 |
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1037 Retire/Restore:: |
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1038 >>> r = s.delete (u + 'issue/42') |
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1039 >>> print (r.json()) |
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1040 >>> r = s.get (u + 'issue/42') |
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1041 >>> etag = r.headers['ETag'] |
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1042 >>> print("ETag: %s" % etag) |
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1043 >>> etag = r.json()['data']['@etag'] |
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1044 >>> print("@etag: %s" % etag) |
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1045 >>> h = {'If-Match': etag, |
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1046 ... 'X-Requested-With': 'rest', |
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1047 ... 'Referer': 'http://tracker.example.com/demo/'} |
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1048 >>> d = {'@op:'action', '@action_name':'retire'} |
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1049 >>> r = s.patch(u + 'issue/42', data = d, headers = h) |
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1050 >>> print(r.json()) |
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1051 >>> d = {'@op:'action', '@action_name':'restore'} |
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1052 >>> r = s.patch(u + 'issue/42', data = d, headers = h) |
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1053 >>> print(r.json()) |
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1054 |
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1055 Note the addition of headers for: x-requested-with and referer. This |
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1056 allows the request to pass the CSRF protection mechanism. You may need |
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1057 to add an Origin header if this check is enabled in your tracker's |
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1058 config.ini (look for csrf_enforce_header_origin). |
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1059 |
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1060 |
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1061 Searches and selection |
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1062 ====================== |
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1063 |
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1064 One difficult interface issue is selection of items from a long list. |
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1065 Using multi-item selects requires loading a lot of data (e.g. consider |
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1066 a selection tool to select one or more issues as in the classic |
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1067 superseder field). |
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1068 |
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1069 This can be made easier using javascript selection tools like select2, |
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1070 selectize.js, chosen etc. These tools can query a remote data provider |
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1071 to get a list of items for the user to select from. |
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1072 |
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1073 Consider a multi-select box for the superseder property. Using |
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1074 selectize.js (and jquery) code similar to:: |
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1075 |
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1076 $('#superseder').selectize({ |
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1077 valueField: 'id', |
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1078 labelField: 'title', |
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1079 searchField: 'title', ... |
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1080 load: function(query, callback) { |
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1081 if (!query.length) return callback(); |
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1082 $.ajax({ |
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1083 url: '.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&title=' |
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1084 + encodeURIComponent(query), |
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1085 type: 'GET', |
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1086 error: function() {callback();}, |
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1087 success: function(res) { |
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1088 callback(res.data.collection);} |
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1089 |
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1090 Sets up a box that a user can type the word "request" into. Then |
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1091 selectize.js will use that word to generate an ajax request with the |
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1092 url: ``.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&title=request`` |
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1093 |
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1094 This will return data like:: |
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1095 |
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1096 { |
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1097 "data": { |
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1098 "@total_size": 440, |
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1099 "collection": [ |
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1100 { |
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1101 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/8", |
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1102 "id": "8", |
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1103 "title": "Request for Power plugs" |
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1104 }, |
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1105 { |
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1106 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/27", |
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1107 "id": "27", |
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1108 "title": "Request for foo" |
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1109 }, |
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1110 ... |
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1111 |
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1112 selectize.js will look at these objects (as passed to |
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1113 callback(res.data.collection)) and create a select list from the each |
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1114 object showing the user the labelField (title) for each object and |
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1115 associating each title with the corresponding valueField (id). The |
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1116 example above has 440 issues returned from a total of 2000 |
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1117 issues. Only 440 had the word "request" somewhere in the title greatly |
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1118 reducing the amount of data that needed to be transferred. |
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1119 |
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1120 Similar code can be set up to search a large list of keywords using:: |
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1121 |
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1122 .../rest/data/keyword?@verbose=2&name=some |
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1123 |
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1124 which would return: "some keyword" "awesome" "somebody" making |
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1125 selections for links and multilinks much easier. |
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1126 |
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1127 A get on a collection endpoint can include other properties. Why do we |
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1128 want this? Selectize.js can set up option groups (optgroups) in the |
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1129 select pulldown. So by including status in the returned data using |
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1130 a url like ``https://.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&@fields=status`` |
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1131 we get:: |
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1132 |
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1133 { |
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1134 "link": "https://.../rest/data/issue/1001", |
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1135 "title": "Request for Broken PC", |
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1136 "id": "1001", |
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1137 "status": { |
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1138 "link": "https://.../rest/data/status/6", |
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1139 "id": "6", |
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1140 "name": "resolved" |
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1141 } |
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1142 } |
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1143 |
|
5695
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1144 a select widget like:: |
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1145 |
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1146 === New === |
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1147 A request |
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1148 === Open === |
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1149 Request for bar |
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1150 Request for foo |
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1151 |
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1152 etc. can be generated. Also depending on the javascript library, other |
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1153 fields can be used for subsearch and sorting. |
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1154 |
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1155 |
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1156 Programming the REST API |
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1157 ------------------------ |
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1158 |
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1159 You can extend the rest api for a tracker. This describes how to add |
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1160 new rest end points. At some point it will also describe the rest.py |
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1161 structure and implementation. |
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1162 |
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1163 Adding new rest endpoints |
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1164 ========================= |
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1165 |
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1166 Add or edit the file interfaces.py at the root of the tracker |
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1167 directory. |
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1168 |
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1169 In that file add:: |
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1170 |
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1171 from roundup.rest import Routing, RestfulInstance, _data_decorator |
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1172 from roundup.exceptions import Unauthorised |
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1173 |
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1174 class RestfulInstance: |
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1175 |
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1176 @Routing.route("/summary2") |
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1177 @_data_decorator |
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1178 def summary2(self, input): |
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1179 result = { "hello": "world" } |
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1180 return 200, result |
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1181 |
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1182 will make a new endpoint .../rest/summary2 that you can test with:: |
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1183 |
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1184 $ curl -X GET .../rest/summary2 |
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1185 { |
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1186 "data": { |
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1187 "hello": "world" |
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1188 } |
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1189 } |
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1190 |
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1191 Similarly appending this to interfaces.py after summary2:: |
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1192 |
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1193 # handle more endpoints |
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1194 @Routing.route("/data/<:class_name>/@schema", 'GET') |
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1195 def get_element_schema(self, class_name, input): |
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1196 result = { "schema": {} } |
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1197 uid = self.db.getuid () |
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1198 if not self.db.security.hasPermission('View', uid, class_name) : |
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1199 raise Unauthorised('Permission to view %s denied' % class_name) |
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1200 |
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1201 class_obj = self.db.getclass(class_name) |
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1202 props = class_obj.getprops(protected=False) |
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1203 schema = result['schema'] |
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1204 |
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1205 for prop in props: |
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1206 schema[prop] = { "type": repr(class_obj.properties[prop]) } |
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1207 |
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1208 return result |
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1209 |
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1210 .. |
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1211 the # comment in the example is needed to preserve indention under Class. |
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1212 |
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1213 returns some data about the class:: |
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1214 |
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1215 $ curl -X GET .../rest/data/issue/@schema |
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1216 { |
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1217 "schema": { |
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1218 "keyword": { |
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1219 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Multilink to \"keyword\">" |
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1220 }, |
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1221 "title": { |
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1222 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.String>" |
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1223 }, |
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1224 "files": { |
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1225 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Multilink to \"file\">" |
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1226 }, |
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1227 "status": { |
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1228 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Link to \"status\">" |
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1229 }, ... |
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1230 } |
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1231 } |
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1232 |
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1233 |
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1234 Adding other endpoints (e.g. to allow an OPTIONS query against |
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1235 ``/data/issue/@schema``) is left as an exercise for the reader. |
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1236 |
|
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1237 Redefine/move rest endpoints |
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1238 ============================ |
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1239 |
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1240 In addition to adding new endpoints, you can redefine existing |
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1241 endpoints. Adding this as described above:: |
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1242 |
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1243 @Routing.route("/summary") |
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1244 @_data_decorator |
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1245 def summary2(self, input): |
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1246 result = { "hello": "world" } |
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1247 return 200, result |
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1248 |
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1249 will return:: |
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1250 |
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1251 { |
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1252 "data": { |
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1253 "hello": "world" |
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1254 } |
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1255 } |
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1256 |
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|
1257 |
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1258 In addition to overriding existing endpoints, you can move existing |
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1259 endpoints to new locations. Adding:: |
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1260 |
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1261 @Routing.route("/data2/<:classname>") |
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1262 def get_collection2(self, classname, input): |
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1263 """ Remap existing function in rest.py to a new endpoint |
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1264 |
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1265 Existing function is decorated with: |
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1266 |
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1267 @Routing.route("/data/<:classname>") |
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1268 @_data_decorator |
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1269 |
|
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1270 so we need to drop @_data_decorator from this function since |
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1271 we can't apply @_data_decorator twice. |
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1272 """ |
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1273 return self.get_collection(classname, input) |
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1274 |
|
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1275 will move the response that normally happens at /rest/data/<class> to |
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1276 /rest/data/<class>. |
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|
1277 |
|
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|
1278 |
|
5843
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1279 Controlling Access to Backend Data |
|
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1280 ================================== |
|
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1281 |
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1282 Roundup's schema is the primary access control mechanism. Roles and |
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1283 Permissions provide the ability to carefully control what data can be |
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1284 seen. |
|
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1285 |
|
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1286 However the templating system can access the hyperdb directly which |
|
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1287 allows filtering to happen with admin privs escaping the standard |
|
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1288 permissions scheme. For example access to a user's roles should be |
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1289 limited to the user (read only) and an admin. If you have customized |
|
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|
1290 your schema to implement `Restricting the list of |
|
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1291 users that are assignable to a task <customizing.html#restricting-the-list-of-users-that-are-assignable-to-a-task>`__ |
|
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1292 so that only users with a |
|
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1293 Developer role are allowed to be assigned to an issue, a rest end |
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1294 point must be added to provide a view that exposes users with this |
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1295 permission. |
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1296 |
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1297 Using the normal ``/data/user?roles=Developer`` will return all the |
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1298 users in the system unless you are an admin user because most users |
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1299 can't see the roles. Building on the `Adding new rest endpoints`_ |
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1300 section this code adds a new endpoint `/data/@permission/Developer` |
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1301 that returns a list of users with the developer role:: |
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1302 |
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1303 from roundup.rest import Routing, RestfulInstance |
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1304 from cgi import MiniFieldStorage |
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1305 |
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|
1306 class RestfulInstance(object): |
|
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1307 |
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|
1308 @Routing.route("/data/@permission/Developer") |
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1309 def get_role_Developer(self, input): |
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1310 '''An endpoint to return a list of users with Developer |
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1311 role who can be assigned to an issue. |
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1312 |
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1313 It ignores attempt to search by any property except |
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1314 username and realname. It also ignores the whole @fields |
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1315 specification if it specifies a property the user |
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1316 can't view. Other @ query params (e.g. @page... and |
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1317 @verbose) are supported. |
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1318 |
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1319 It assumes admin access rights so that the roles property |
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1320 of the user can be searched. This is needed if the roles |
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1321 property is not searchable/viewable by normal users. A user |
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1322 who can search roles can identify users with the admin |
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1323 role. So it does not respond the same as a rest/data/users |
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1324 search by a non-admin user. |
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1325 ''' |
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1326 # get real user id |
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1327 realuid=self.db.getuid() |
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1328 |
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1329 def allowed_field(fs): |
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1330 if fs.name in ['username', 'realname' ]: |
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1331 # only allow search matches for these fields |
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1332 return True |
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1333 elif fs.name in [ '@fields' ]: |
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1334 for prop in fs.value.split(','): |
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1335 # if any property is unviewable to user, remove |
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1336 # @field entry. If they can't see it for the admin |
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1337 # user, don't let them see it for any user. |
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1338 if not self.db.security.hasPermission( |
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1339 'View', realuid, 'user', property=prop, |
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1340 itemid='1'): |
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1341 return False |
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1342 return True |
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1343 elif fs.name.startswith("@"): |
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1344 # allow @page..., @verbose etc. |
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1345 return True |
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1346 |
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1347 # deny all other url parmeters |
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1348 return False |
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1349 |
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1350 # Cleanup input.list to prevent user from probing roles |
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1351 # or viewing things the user should not be able to view. |
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1352 input.list[:] = [ fs for fs in input.list |
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1353 if allowed_field(fs) ] |
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1354 |
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1355 # Add the role filter required to implement the permission |
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1356 # search |
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1357 input.list.append(MiniFieldStorage("roles", "Developer")) |
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1358 |
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1359 # change user to acquire permission to search roles |
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1360 self.db.setCurrentUser('admin') |
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1361 |
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1362 # Once we have cleaned up the request, pass it to |
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1363 # get_collection as though /rest/data/users?... has been called |
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1364 # to get @verbose and other args supported. |
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1365 return self.get_collection('user', input) |
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1366 |
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1367 Calling this with: `curl 'http://example.com/demo/rest/data/@permission/Developer?@fields=realname&roles=Users&@verbose=2'` |
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1368 produces output similar to:: |
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1369 |
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1370 { |
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1371 "data": { |
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1372 "collection": [ |
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1373 { |
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1374 "username": "agent", |
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1375 "link": http://example.com/demo/rest/data/user/4", |
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1376 "realname": "James Bond", |
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1377 "id": "4" |
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1378 } |
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1379 ], |
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1380 "@total_size": 1 |
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1381 } |
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1382 } |
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1383 |
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1384 assuming user 4 is the only user with the Developer role. Note that |
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1385 the url passes the `roles=User` filter option which is silently |
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1386 ignored. |
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1387 |
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1388 Changing Access Roles with JSON Web Tokens |
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1389 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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1390 |
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1391 As discussed above Roundup's schema is the access control mechanism. |
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1392 However you may want to integrate a third party system with roundup. |
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1393 E.G. suppose you use a time tracking service that takes an issue id |
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1394 and keeps a running count of how much time was spent on it. Then with |
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1395 a single button push it can add the recorded time to the roundup |
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1396 issue. |
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1397 |
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1398 You probably don't want to give this third party service your roundup |
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1399 username and credentials. Especially if your roundup instance is under |
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1400 your company's single sign on infrastructure. |
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1401 |
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1402 So what we need is a way for this third part service to impersonate |
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1403 you and have access to create a roundup timelog entry (see |
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1404 `<customizing.html#adding-a-time-log-to-your-issues>`__. Then add it |
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1405 to the associated issue. This should happen without sharing passwords |
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1406 and without the third party service to see the issue (except the |
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1407 ``times`` property), user, or other information in the tracker. |
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1408 |
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1409 Enter the use of a JSON web token. Roundup has rudimentary ability to |
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1410 manage JWTs and use them for authentication and authorization. |
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1411 |
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1412 There are 5 steps to set this up: |
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1413 |
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1414 1. install pyjwt library using pip or pip3. If roundup can't find the |
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1415 jwt module you will see the error ``Support for jwt disabled.`` |
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1416 2. create a new role that allows Create access to timelog and edit |
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1417 access to an issues' ``times`` property. |
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1418 3. add support for issuing (and validating) jwts to the rest interface. |
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1419 This uses the `Adding new rest endpoints`_ mechanism. |
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1420 4. configure roundup's config.ini [web] jwt_secret with at least 32 |
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1421 random characters of data. (You will get a message |
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1422 ``Support for jwt disabled by admin.`` if it's not long enough.) |
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1423 5. add an auditor to make sure that users with this role are appending |
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1424 timelog links to the `times` property of the issue. |
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1425 |
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1426 Create role |
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1427 """"""""""" |
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1428 |
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1429 Adding this snippet of code to the tracker's ``schema.py`` should create a role with the |
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1430 proper authorization:: |
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1431 |
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1432 db.security.addRole(name="User:timelog", description="allow a user to create and append timelogs") |
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1433 perm = db.security.addPermission(name='Create', klass='timelog', |
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1434 description="Allow timelog creation", props_only=False) |
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1435 db.security.addPermissionToRole("User:timelog", perm) |
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1436 perm = db.security.addPermission(name='Edit', klass='issue', |
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1437 properties=('id', 'times'), |
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1438 description="Allow editing timelog for issue", props_only=False) |
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1439 db.security.addPermissionToRole("User:timelog", perm) |
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1440 db.security.addPermissionToRole('User:timelog', 'Rest Access') |
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1441 |
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1442 Then role is named to work with the jwt issue rest call. Starting the role |
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1443 name with ``User:`` allows the jwt issue code to create a token with |
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1444 this role if the user requesting the role has the User role. |
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1445 |
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1446 Create rest endpoints |
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1447 """"""""""""""""""""" |
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1448 |
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1449 Here is code to add to your tracker's ``interfaces.py`` (note code is |
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1450 python3):: |
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1451 |
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1452 from roundup.rest import Routing, RestfulInstance, _data_decorator |
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1453 |
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1454 class RestfulInstance(object): |
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1455 @Routing.route("/jwt/issue", 'POST') |
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1456 @_data_decorator |
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1457 def generate_jwt(self, input): |
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1458 import jwt |
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1459 import datetime |
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1460 from roundup.anypy.strings import b2s |
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1461 |
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1462 # require basic auth to generate a token |
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1463 # At some point we can support a refresh token. |
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1464 # maybe a jwt with the "refresh": True claim generated |
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1465 # using: "refresh": True in the json request payload. |
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1466 |
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1467 denialmsg='Token creation requires login with basic auth.' |
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1468 if 'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION' in self.client.env: |
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1469 try: |
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1470 auth = self.client.env['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] |
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1471 scheme, challenge = auth.split(' ', 1) |
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1472 except (ValueError, AttributeError): |
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1473 # bad format for header |
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1474 raise Unauthorised(denialmsg) |
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1475 if scheme.lower() != 'basic': |
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1476 raise Unauthorised(denialmsg) |
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1477 else: |
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1478 raise Unauthorised(denialmsg) |
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1479 |
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1480 # If we reach this point we have validated that the user has |
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1481 # logged in with a password using basic auth. |
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1482 all_roles = list(self.db.security.role.items()) |
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1483 rolenames = [] |
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1484 for role in all_roles: |
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1485 rolenames.append(role[0]) |
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1486 |
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1487 user_roles = list(self.db.user.get_roles(self.db.getuid())) |
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1488 |
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1489 claim= { 'sub': self.db.getuid(), |
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1490 'iss': self.db.config.TRACKER_WEB, |
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1491 'aud': self.db.config.TRACKER_WEB, |
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1492 'iat': datetime.datetime.utcnow(), |
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1493 } |
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1494 |
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1495 lifetime = 0 |
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1496 if 'lifetime' in input: |
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1497 if input['lifetime'].value != 'unlimited': |
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1498 try: |
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1499 lifetime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(input['lifetime'].value)) |
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1500 except ValueError: |
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1501 raise UsageError("Value 'lifetime' must be 'unlimited' or an integer to specify" + |
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1502 " lifetime in seconds. Got %s."%input['lifetime'].value) |
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1503 else: |
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1504 lifetime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=86400) # 1 day by default |
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1505 |
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1506 if lifetime: # if lifetime = 0 make unlimited by omitting exp claim |
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1507 claim['exp'] = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + lifetime |
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1508 |
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1509 newroles = [] |
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1510 if 'roles' in input: |
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1511 for role in input['roles'].value: |
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1512 if role not in rolenames: |
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1513 raise UsageError("Role %s is not valid."%role) |
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1514 if role in user_roles: |
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1515 newroles.append(role) |
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1516 continue |
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1517 parentrole = role.split(':', 1)[0] |
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1518 if parentrole in user_roles: |
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1519 newroles.append(role) |
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1520 continue |
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1521 |
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1522 raise UsageError("Role %s is not permitted."%role) |
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1523 |
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1524 claim['roles'] = newroles |
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1525 else: |
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1526 claim['roles'] = user_roles |
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1527 secret = self.db.config.WEB_JWT_SECRET |
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1528 myjwt = jwt.encode(claim, secret, algorithm='HS256') |
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1529 |
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1530 result = {"jwt": b2s(myjwt), |
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1531 } |
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1532 |
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1533 return 200, result |
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1534 |
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1535 @Routing.route("/jwt/validate", 'GET') |
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1536 @_data_decorator |
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1537 def validate_jwt(self,input): |
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1538 import jwt |
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1539 if not 'jwt' in input: |
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1540 raise UsageError("jwt key must be specified") |
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1541 |
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1542 myjwt = input['jwt'].value |
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1543 |
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1544 secret = self.db.config.WEB_JWT_SECRET |
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1545 try: |
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1546 result = jwt.decode(myjwt, secret, |
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1547 algorithms=['HS256'], |
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1548 audience=self.db.config.TRACKER_WEB, |
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1549 issuer=self.db.config.TRACKER_WEB, |
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1550 ) |
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1551 except jwt.exceptions.InvalidTokenError as err: |
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1552 return 401, str(err) |
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1553 |
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1554 return 200, result |
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1555 |
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1556 **Note this is sample code. Use at your own risk.** It breaks a few |
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1557 rules about jwts (e.g. it allows you to make unlimited lifetime |
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1558 jwts). If you subscribe to the concept of jwt refresh tokens, this code |
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1559 will have to be changed as it will only generate jwts with |
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1560 username/password authentication. |
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1561 |
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1562 Currently use of jwts an experiment. If this appeals to you consider |
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1563 providing patches to existing code to: |
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1564 |
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1565 1. record all jwts created by a user |
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1566 2. using the record to allow jwts to be revoked and ignored by the |
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1567 roundup core |
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1568 3. provide a UI page for managing/revoking jwts |
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1569 4. provide a rest api for revoking jwts |
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1570 |
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1571 These end points can be used like:: |
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1572 |
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1573 curl -u demo -s -X POST -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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1574 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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1575 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ |
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1576 --data '{"lifetime": "3600", "roles": [ "user:timelog" ] }' \ |
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1577 https://.../demo/rest/jwt/issue |
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1578 |
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1579 (note roles is a json array/list of strings not a string) to get:: |
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1580 |
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1581 { |
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1582 "data": { |
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1583 "jwt": "eyJ0eXAiOiJK......XxMDb-Q3oCnMpyhxPXMAk" |
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1584 } |
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1585 } |
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1586 |
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1587 The jwt is shortened in the example since it's large. You can validate |
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1588 a jwt to see if it's still valid using:: |
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1589 |
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1590 |
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1591 curl -s -H "Referer: https://.../demo/" \ |
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1592 -H "X-requested-with: rest" \ |
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1593 https://rouilj.dynamic-dns.net/demo/rest/jwt/validate?jwt=eyJ0eXAiOiJK......XxMDb-Q3oCnMpyhxPXMAk |
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1594 |
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1595 (note no login is required) which returns:: |
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1596 |
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1597 { |
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1598 "data": { |
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1599 "user": "3", |
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1600 "roles": [ |
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1601 "user:timelog" |
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1602 ], |
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1603 "iss": "https://.../demo/", |
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1604 "aud": "https://.../demo/", |
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1605 "iat": 1569542404, |
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1606 "exp": 1569546004 |
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1607 } |
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1608 } |
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1609 |
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1610 Final steps |
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1611 ^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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1612 |
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5883
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1613 See the `upgrading directions`_ on how to use the ``updateconfig`` to |
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1614 generate an updated copy of config.ini using roundup-admin. Then set |
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1615 the ``jwt_secret`` to at least 32 characters (more is better up to 512 |
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1616 bits). |
|
5878
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1617 |
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1618 Writing an auditor that uses "db.user.get_roles" to see if the user |
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1619 making the change has the ``user:timelog`` role, and then comparing |
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1620 the original ``times`` list to the new list to verify that it is being |
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1621 added to and not changed otherwise is left as an exercise for the |
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1622 reader. (If you develop one, please contribute via the tracker: |
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1623 https://issues.roundup-tracker.org/.) |
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1624 |
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1625 Lastly you can create a JWT using the end point above and make a rest |
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1626 call to create a new timelog entry and another call to update the |
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1627 issues times property. If you have other ideas on how jwts can be |
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1628 used, please share on the roundup mailing lists. See: |
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1629 https://sourceforge.net/p/roundup/mailman/ for directions on |
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1630 subscribing and for archives of the lists. |
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1631 |
|
5843
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1632 |
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1633 Creating Custom Rate Limits |
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1634 =========================== |
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1635 |
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5738
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1636 You can replace the default rate limiter that is configured using |
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1637 the tracker's ``config.ini``. You can return different rate |
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1638 limits based on the user, time of day, phase of moon etc. |
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1639 |
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1640 Assume you add two integer valued properties to the user |
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1641 object. Let's call them ``rate_limit_interval`` and |
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1642 ``rate_limit_calls``. Add code similar to this to interfaces.py |
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1643 to override the default rate limiter code:: |
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1644 |
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1645 from roundup.rest import RestfulInstance, RateLimit |
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1646 from datetime import timedelta |
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1647 |
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1648 def grl(self): |
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1649 calls = self.db.config.WEB_API_CALLS_PER_INTERVAL |
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1650 interval = self.db.config.WEB_API_INTERVAL_IN_SEC |
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1651 |
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1652 if calls and interval: # use to disable all rate limits |
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1653 |
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1654 uid = self.db.getuid() |
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1655 class_obj = self.db.getclass('user') |
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1656 node = class_obj.getnode(uid) |
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1657 |
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1658 # set value to 0 to use WEB_API_CALLS_PER_INTERVAL |
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1659 user_calls = node.__getattr__('rate_limit_calls') |
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1660 # set to 0 to use WEB_API_INTERVAL_IN_SEC |
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1661 user_interval = node.__getattr__('rate_limit_interval') |
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1662 |
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1663 return RateLimit(user_calls or calls, |
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1664 timedelta(seconds=(user_interval or interval))) |
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1665 else: |
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1666 # disable rate limiting if either parameter is 0 |
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1667 return None |
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1668 |
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1669 RestfulInstance.getRateLimit = grl |
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1670 |
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1671 this should replace the default getRateLimit with the new grl |
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1672 function. This new function uses values for the number of calls |
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1673 and period that are specific to a user. If either is set to 0, |
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1674 the defaults from ``config.ini`` file are used. |
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1675 |
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1676 Test Examples |
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1677 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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1678 |
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1679 Rate limit tests: |
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1680 |
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1681 seq 1 300 | xargs -P 20 -n 1 curl --head -si \ |
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1682 https://.../rest/data/status/new \# | grep Remaining |
