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annotate doc/developers.txt @ 4880:ca692423e401

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Different approach to fix XSS in issue2550817 Encapsulate the error/ok message append method as add_ok_message and add_error_message. The new approach escapes the messages when appending -- at a point in the code where we still know where the message comes from. Escaping is the default but can bei turned off. This also fixes issue2550836 where certain messages may contain links. Another advantage of the new fix is that users don't need to change installed trackers and are secure by default.
author Ralf Schlatterbeck <rsc@runtux.com>
date Mon, 31 Mar 2014 18:19:23 +0200
parents ee406f06802b
children 609edf9de0a5
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1 ==================
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2 Developing Roundup
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3 ==================
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4
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5 .. note::
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6 The intended audience of this document is the developers of the core
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7 Roundup code. If you just wish to alter some behaviour of your Roundup
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8 installation, see `customising roundup`_.
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9
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10 .. contents::
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11
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12 Getting Started
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13 ---------------
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14
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15 Anyone wishing to help in the development of Roundup must read `Roundup's
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16 Design Document`_ and the `implementation notes`_.
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17
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18 All development is coordinated through two resources:
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19
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20 - roundup-devel mailing list at
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21 http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/roundup-devel
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22 - The issue tracker running at
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23 http://issues.roundup-tracker.org/
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24
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25 Website, wiki
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26 -------------
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27
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28 The website is in our repository, so is the configuration of the wiki.
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29 Please check the README.txt in the "website" subdirectory
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30 of a current checkout.
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31
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32 Issue Tracker
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33 -------------
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34
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35 The tracker resides on psf.upfronthosting.co.za.
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36 (2012-07-04) 2048 c4:ad:63:92:1b:c0:4a:35:c8:c5:3e:96:51:c0:88:67 (RSA)
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37
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38 The roundup installation belongs to the user roundup.
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39 In ~roundup, all trackers are stored and the roundup code itself.
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40 roundup is started through /etc/init.d/roundup;
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41 other parts of the installation are started through
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42 /etc/init.d/{postgresql-8-1,spambayes,postfix}.
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43
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44 The machine is operated by Upfronthosting in South Africa. The meta
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45 tracker is http://psf.upfronthosting.co.za/roundup/meta/
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46 In this tracker, Upfronthosting people are the users izak and roche.
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47
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48 The Roundup tracker http://issues.roundup-tracker.org/ is in
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49 ~roundup/trackers/roundup
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50
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51 The configuration is in the "website/issues" section of Roundup's
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52 Mercurical SCM repository and copied manually to the live tracker.
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53
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54 A checkout of the roundup sources is in ~roundup/src/roundup-src.
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55
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56
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57 Small Changes
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58 -------------
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59
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60 Most small changes can be submitted as patches through the issue
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61 tracker or sent to `roundup-devel mailing list`_.
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62
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63
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64 Source Repository Access
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65 ------------------------
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66
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67 See http://www.roundup-tracker.org/code.html.
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68 For all other questions ask on the development mailinglist.
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69
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70
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71 Project Rules
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72 -------------
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73
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74 Mostly the project follows Guido's Style (though naming tends to be a little
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75 relaxed sometimes). In short:
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76
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77 - 80 column width code
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78 - 4-space indentations
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79 - All modules must have an Id line near the top
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80
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81 Other project rules:
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82
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83 - New functionality must be documented, even briefly (so at least we know
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84 where there's missing documentation) and changes to tracker configuration
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85 must be logged in the upgrading document.
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86 - subscribe to roundup-checkins to receive checkin notifications from the
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87 other developers with write access to the source-code repository.
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88 - discuss any changes with the other developers on roundup-dev. If nothing
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89 else, this makes sure there's no rude shocks
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90 - write unit tests for changes you make (where possible), and ensure that
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91 all unit tests run before committing changes
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92 - run pychecker over changed code
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93
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94 The administrators of the project reserve the right to boot developers who
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95 consistently check in code which is either broken or takes the codebase in
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96 directions that have not been agreed to.
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97
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98
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99 Debugging Aids
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100 --------------
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101
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102 See :doc:`debugging <debugging>`.
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103
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104 Internationalization Notes
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105 --------------------------
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106
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107 How stuff works:
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108
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109 1. Strings that may require translation (messages in human language)
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110 are marked in the source code. This step is discussed in
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111 `Marking Strings for Translation`_ section.
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112
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113 2. These strings are all extracted into Message Template File
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114 ``locale/roundup.pot`` (_`POT` file). See `Extracting Translatable
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115 Messages`_ below.
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116
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117 3. Language teams use POT file to make Message Files for national
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118 languages (_`PO` files). All PO files for Roundup are kept in
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119 the ``locale`` directory. Names of these files are target
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120 locale names, usually just 2-letter language codes. `Translating
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121 Messages`_ section of this chapter gives useful hints for
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122 message translators.
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123
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124 4. Translated Message Files are compiled into binary form (_`MO` files)
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125 and stored in ``locale`` directory (but not kept in the source code
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126 repository, as they may be easily made from PO files).
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127 See `Compiling Message Catalogs`_ section.
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128
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129 5. Roundup installer creates runtime locale structure on the file
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130 system, putting MO files in their appropriate places.
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131
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132 6. Runtime internationalization (_`I18N`) services use these MO files
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133 to translate program messages into language selected by current
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134 Roundup user. Roundup command line interface uses locale name
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135 set in OS environment variable ``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``,
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136 ``LC_MESSAGES``, or ``LANG`` (in that order). Roundup Web User
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137 Interface uses language selected by currently authenticated user.
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138
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139 Additional details may be found in `GNU gettext`_ and Python `gettext
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140 module`_ documentation.
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141
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142 `Roundup source distribution`_ includes POT and PO files for message
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143 translators, and also pre-built MO files to facilitate installations
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144 from source. Roundup binary distribution includes MO files only.
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145
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146 .. _GNU gettext:
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147
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148 GNU gettext package
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149 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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150
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151 This chapter is full of references to GNU `gettext package`_.
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152 GNU gettext is a "must have" for nearly all steps of internationalizing
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153 any program, and it's manual is definetely a recommended reading
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154 for people involved in `I18N`_.
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155
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156 There are GNU gettext ports to all major OS platforms.
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157 Windows binaries are available from `GNU mirror sites`_.
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158
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159 Roundup does not use GNU gettext at runtime, but it's tools
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160 are used for `extracting translatable messages`_, `compiling
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161 message catalogs`_ and, optionally, for `translating messages`_.
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162
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163 Note that ``gettext`` package in some OS distributions means just
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164 runtime tools and libraries. In such cases gettext development tools
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165 are usually distributed in separate package named ``gettext-devel``.
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166
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167 Marking Strings for Translation
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168 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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169
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170 Strings that need translation must be marked in the source code.
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171 Following subsections explain how this is done in different cases.
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172
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173 If translatable string is used as a format string, it is recommended
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174 to always use *named* format specifiers::
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175
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176 _('Index of %(classname)s') % locals()
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177
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178 This helps translators to better understand the context of the
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179 message and, with Python formatting, remove format specifier altogether
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180 (which is sometimes useful, especially in singular cases of `Plural Forms`_).
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181
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182 When there is more than one format specifier in the translatable
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183 format string, named format specifiers **must** be used almost always,
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184 because translation may require different order of items.
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185
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186 It is better to *not* mark for translation strings that are not
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187 locale-dependent, as this makes it more difficult to keep track
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188 of translation completeness. For example, string ``</ol></body></html>``
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189 (in ``index()`` method of the request handler in ``roundup_server``
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190 script) has no human readable parts at all, and needs no translations.
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191 Such strings are left untranslated in PO files, and are reported
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192 as such by PO status checkers (e.g. ``msgfmt --statistics``).
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193
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194 Command Line Interfaces
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195 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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196
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197 Scripts and routines run from the command line use "static" language
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198 defined by environment variables recognized by ``gettext`` module
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199 from Python library (``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``, ``LC_MESSAGES``, and
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200 ``LANG``). Primarilly, these are ``roundup-admin`` script and
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201 ``admin.py`` module, but also help texts and startup error messages
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202 in other scripts and their supporting modules.
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203
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204 For these interfaces, Python ``gettext`` engine must be initialized
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205 to use Roundup message catalogs. This is normally done by including
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206 the following line in the module imports::
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207
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208 from i18n import _, ngettext
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209
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210 Simple translations are automatically marked by calls to builtin
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211 message translation function ``_()``::
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212
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213 print _("This message is translated")
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214
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215 Translations for messages whose grammatical depends on a number
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216 must be done by ``ngettext()`` function::
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217
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218 print ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files", number_of_files_nuked)
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219
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220 Deferred Translations
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221 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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222
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223 Sometimes translatable strings appear in the source code in untranslated
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224 form [#note_admin.py]_ and must be translated elsewhere.
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225 Example::
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226
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227 for meal in ("spam", "egg", "beacon"):
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228 print _(meal)
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229
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230 In such cases, strings must be marked for translation without actual
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231 call to the translating function. To mark these strings, we use Python
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232 feature of automatic concatenation of adjacent strings and different
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233 types of string quotes::
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234
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235 strings_to_translate = (
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236 ''"This string will be translated",
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237 ""'me too',
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238 ''r"\raw string",
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239 ''"""
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240 multiline string"""
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241 )
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242
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243 .. [#note_admin.py] In current Roundup sources, this feature is
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244 extensively used in the ``admin`` module using method docstrings
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245 as help messages.
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246
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247 Web User Interface
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248 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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249
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250 For Web User Interface, translation services are provided by Client
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251 object. Action classes have methods ``_()`` and ``gettext()``,
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252 delegating translation to the Client instance. In HTML templates,
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253 translator object is available as context variable ``i18n``.
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254
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255 HTML templates have special markup for translatable strings.
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256 The syntax for this markup is defined on `ZPTInternationalizationSupport`_
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257 page. Roundup translation service currently ignores values for
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258 ``i18n:domain``, ``i18n:source`` and ``i18n:target``.
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259
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260 Template markup examples:
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261
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262 * simplest case::
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263
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264 <div i18n:translate="">
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265 Say
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266 no
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267 more!
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268 </div>
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269
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270 this will result in msgid ``"Say no more!"``, with all leading and
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271 trailing whitespace stripped, and inner blanks replaced with single
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272 space character.
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273
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274 * using variable slots::
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275
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276 <div i18n:translate="">
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277 And now...<br/>
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278 No.<span tal:replace="number" i18n:name="slideNo" /><br/>
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279 THE LARCH
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280 </div>
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281
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282 Msgid will be: ``"And now...<br /> No.${slideNo}<br /> THE LARCH"``.
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283 Template rendering will use context variable ``number`` (you may use
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284 any expression) to put instead of ``${slideNo}`` in translation.
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285
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286 * attribute translation::
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287
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288 <button name="btn_wink" value=" Wink " i18n:attributes="value" />
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289
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290 will translate the caption (and return value) for the "wink" button.
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291
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292 * explicit msgids. Sometimes it may be useful to specify msgid
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293 for the element translation explicitely, like this::
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294
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295 <span i18n:translate="know what i mean?">this text is ignored</span>
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296
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297 When rendered, element contents will be replaced by translation
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298 of the string specified in ``i18n:translate`` attribute.
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299
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300 * ``i18n`` in `TALES`_. You may translate strings in `TALES`_ python
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301 expressions::
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302
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303 <span tal:replace="python: i18n.gettext('Oh, wicked.')" />
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304
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305 * plural forms. There is no markup for plural forms in `TAL`_ i18n.
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306 You must use python expression for that::
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307
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308 <span tal:replace="python: i18n.ngettext(
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309 'Oh but it\'s only %i shilling.',
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310 'Oh but it\'s only %i shillings.',
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311 fine) % fine"
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312 />
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313
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314 Extracting Translatable Messages
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315 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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316
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317 The most common tool for message extraction is ``xgettext`` utility
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318 from `GNU gettext package`_. Unfortunately, this utility has no means
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319 of `Deferred Translations`_ in Python sources. There is ``xpot`` tool
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320 from Francois Pinard free `PO utilities`_ that allows to mark strings
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321 for deferred translations, but it does not handle `plural forms`_.
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322
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323 Roundup overcomes these limitations by using both of these utilities.
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324 This means that you need both `GNU gettext`_ tools and `PO utilities`_
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325 to build the Message Template File yourself.
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326
4254
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327 Latest Message Template File is kept in the source code repository
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328 and distributed with `Roundup Source`_.
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329 If you wish to rebuild the template yourself,
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330 make sure that you have both ``xpot`` and ``xgettext`` installed and
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331 just run ``gmake`` (or ``make``, if you are on a `GNU`_ system like
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332 `linux`_ or `cygwin`_) in the ``locale`` directory.
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333
2832
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334 For on-site i18n, Roundup provides command-line utility::
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335
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336 roundup-gettext <tracker_home>
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337
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338 extracting translatable messages from tracker's html templates.
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339 This utility creates message template file ``messages.pot`` in
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340 ``locale`` subdirectory of the tracker home directory. Translated
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341 messages may be put in *locale*.po files (where *locale* is selected
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342 locale name) in the same directory, e.g.: ``locale/ru.po``.
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343 These message catalogs are searched prior to system-wide translations
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344 kept in the ``share`` directory.
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345
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346 Translating Messages
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347 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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348
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349 Gettext Message File (`PO`_ file) is a plain text file, that can be created
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350 by simple copying ``roundup.pot`` to new .po file, like this::
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351
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352 $ cp roundup.pot ru.po
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353
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354 The name of PO file is target locale name, usually just 2-letter language
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355 code (``ru`` for Russian in the above example). Alternatively, PO file
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356 may be initialized by ``msginit`` utility from `GNU gettext`_ tools::
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357
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358 $ msginit -i roundup.pot
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359
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360 ``msginit`` will check your current locale, and initialize the header
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361 entry, setting language name, rules for `plural forms`_ and, if available,
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362 translator's name and email address. The name for PO file is also chosen
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363 based on current locale.
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364
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365 Next, you will need to edit this file, filling all ``msgstr`` lines with
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366 translations of the above ``msgid`` entries. PO file is a plain text
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367 file that can be edited with any text editor. However, there are several
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368 tools that may help you with this process:
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369
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370 - `poEdit`_ by Vaclav Slavik. Very nice cross-platform GUI editor.
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371
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372 - `KBabel`_. Being part of `KDE`_, it works in X windows only.
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373 At the first glance looks pretty hairy, with all bells and whistles.
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374 Haven't had much experience with it, though.
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375
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376 - ``po-mode`` for `emacs`_. One of `GNU gettext`_ tools. Very handy,
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377 definitely recommended if you are comfortable with emacs. Cannot
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378 handle `plural forms`_ per se, but allows to edit them in simple
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379 text mode.
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380
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381 - `po filetype plugin`_ for `vim`_. Does not do as much as ``po-mode``,
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382 but helps in finding untranslated and fuzzy strings, and checking
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383 code references. Please contact `alexander smishlajev`_ if you
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384 prefer this, as i have patched this plugin a bit. I have also
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385 informed the original plugin author about these changes, but got
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386 no reply so far.
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387
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388 Compiling Message Catalogs
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389 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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390
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391 Message catalogs (`PO`_ files) must be compiled into binary form
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parents: 2301
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392 (`MO`_ files) before they can be used in the application. This
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parents: 2301
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393 compilation is handled by ``msgfmt`` utility from `GNU gettext`_
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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394 tools. ``GNUmakefile`` in the ``locale`` directory automatically
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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395 compiles all existing message catalogs after updating them from
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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396 Roundup source files. If you wish to rebuild an individual `MO`_
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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397 file without making everything else, you may, for example::
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parents: 2301
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398
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parents: 2301
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399 $ msgfmt --statistics -o ru.mo ru.po
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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400
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parents: 2301
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401 This way, message translators can check their `PO`_ files without
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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402 extracting strings from source. (Note: String extraction requires
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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403 additional utility that is not part of `GNU gettext`_. See `Extracting
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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404 Translatable Messages`_.)
686
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parents:
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405
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406 At run time, Roundup automatically compiles message catalogs whenever
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parents: 2605
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407 `PO`_ file is changed.
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parents: 2605
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408
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parents:
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409 .. _`Customising Roundup`: customizing.html
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Richard Jones <richard@users.sourceforge.net>
parents:
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410 .. _`Roundup's Design Document`: spec.html
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b38f4f95bffd More doc tweaks
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parents: 686
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411 .. _`implementation notes`: implementation.html
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parents: 2301
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412
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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413
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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414 .. _External hyperlink targets:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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415
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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416 .. _alexander smishlajev:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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417 .. _als: http://sourceforge.net/users/a1s/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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418 .. _cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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419 .. _emacs: http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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420 .. _gettext package: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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421 .. _gettext module: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-gettext.html
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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422 .. _GNU: http://www.gnu.org/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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423 .. _GNU mirror sites: http://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.html
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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424 .. _KBabel: http://i18n.kde.org/tools/kbabel/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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425 .. _KDE: http://www.kde.org/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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426 .. _linux: http://www.linux.org/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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427 .. _Plural Forms:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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428 http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/gettext_150.html
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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429 .. _po filetype plugin:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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430 http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=695
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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431 .. _PO utilities: http://po-utils.progiciels-bpi.ca/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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432 .. _poEdit: http://poedit.sourceforge.net/
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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433 .. _Roundup Source:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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434 .. _Roundup source distribution:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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435 .. _Roundup binary distribution:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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436 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=31577
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anatoly techtonik <techtonik@gmail.com>
parents: 4665
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437 .. _roundup-devel mailing list:
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anatoly techtonik <techtonik@gmail.com>
parents: 4665
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438 http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/roundup-devel
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parents: 2605
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439 .. _TAL:
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parents: 2605
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440 .. _Template Attribute Language:
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parents: 2605
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441 http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ZPT/TAL%20Specification%201.4
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parents: 2605
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442 .. _TALES:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2605
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443 .. _Template Attribute Language Expression Syntax:
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parents: 2605
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444 http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ZPT/TALES%20Specification%201.3
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parents: 2301
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445 .. _vim: http://www.vim.org/
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446 .. _ZPTInternationalizationSupport: http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ComponentArchitecture/ZPTInternationalizationSupport
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Richard Jones <richard@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 3626
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447
Roundup Issue Tracker: http://roundup-tracker.org/