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Update rest.txt example to include headers required for CSRF validation. Update config doc: X-Requested-With is used with rest as well as xmlrpc.
author John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
date Mon, 08 Apr 2019 20:00:01 -0400
parents 3e1b66c4e1e2
children 0b79bfcb3312
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1
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2 ====================
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3 REST API for Roundup
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4 ====================
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5
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6 .. contents::
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7 :local:
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8
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9 Introduction
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10 ------------
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11
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12 After the last 1.6.0 Release, a REST-API developed in 2015 during a Google
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13 Summer of Code (GSOC) by Chau Nguyen, supervised by Ezio Melotti was
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14 integrated. The code was then updated by John Rouillard and Ralf
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15 Schlatterbeck to fix some shortcomings and provide the necessary
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16 functions for a single page web application, e.g. etag support among
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17 others.
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18
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19 Enabling the REST API
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20 ---------------------
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21
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22 The REST API can be disabled in the ``[web]`` section of ``config.ini``
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23 via the variable ``enable_rest`` which is ``yes`` by default.
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24
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25 The REST api is reached via the ``/rest/`` endpoint of the tracker URL.
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26
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27
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28 Client API
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29 ----------
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30
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31 The top-level REST url ``/rest/`` will display the current version of
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32 the REST API (Version 1 as of this writing) and some links to relevant
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33 endpoints of the API. In the following the ``/rest`` prefix is ommitted
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34 from relative REST-API links for brevety.
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35
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36 Summary
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37 =======
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38
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39 A Summary page can be reached via ``/summary`` via the ``GET`` method.
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40 This is currently hard-coded for the standard tracker schema shipped
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41 with roundup and will display a summary of open issues.
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42
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43 Data
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44 ====
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45
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46 All the links mentioned in the following support the http method ``GET``.
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47 Results of a ``GET`` request will always return the results as a
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48 dictionary with the entry ``data`` referring to the returned data.
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49
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50 The ``/data`` link will display a set of classes of the tracker. All
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51 classes can be reached via ``/data/<classname>`` where ``<classname>``
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52 is replace with the name of the class to query, e.g. ``/data/issue``.
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53 Individual items of a class (e.g. a single issue) can be queried by
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54 giving the issue-id, e.g., ``/data/issue/42``. Individual properties of
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55 an item can be queried by appending the property, e.g.,
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56 ``/data/issue/42/title``.
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57
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58 When performing the ``GET`` method on a class (e.g. ``/data/issue``), the
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59 number of items is returned in ``@total_size``. Then a ``collection``
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60 list follows which contains the id and link to the respective item.
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61 This endpoint supports pagination. With the attributes @page_size and
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62 @page_index, pagination is controlled. The @page_size specifies how many
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63 items are displayed at once. The @page_index (which defaults to 1 if not
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64 given) specifies which page number of @page_size items is displayed. If
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65 no @page_size is specified, all items are returned.
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66
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67 Adding the query parameter @verbose=2 to the GET will include the label
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68 property in addition to id and link for the items. This is useful as
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69 documented below in "Searches and selection".
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70
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71 In addition this method supports searching. Search parameters are names
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72 of properties of the given class, e.g., ``status`` for ``issue``. Links
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73 and Multilinks can be specified numerically or symbolically, e.g.,
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74 searching for issues in status ``closed`` can be achieved by searching
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75 for ``status=closed`` or ``status=3`` (provided the ``closed`` status
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76 has ID 3). Note that searching for strings (e.g. the issue title, or a
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77 keyword name) performs a case-insensitive substring search, so searching
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78 for title=Something will find all issues with "Something" or "someThing",
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79 etc. in the title. There is currently no way to perform an exact string
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80 match.
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81
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82 When performing the ``GET`` method on an item (e.g. ``/data/issue/42``), a
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83 ``link`` attribute contains the link to the item, ``id`` contains the
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84 id, type contains the class name (e.g. ``issue`` in the example) and an
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85 ``etag`` property can be used to detect modifications since the last
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86 query. The individual properties of the item are returned in an
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87 ``attributes`` dictionary. The properties returned depend on the
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88 permissions of the account used for the query.
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89 Link and Multilink properties are displayed as a dictionary with a link
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90 and an id property by default. This is controlled by the @verbose
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91 attribute which is set to 1 by default. If set to 0, only the id is
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92 shown for Link and Multilink attributes. If set to 2, the label property
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93 (usually ``name`` e.g. for status) is also put into the dictionary.
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94 Content properties of message and file object are by default also shown
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95 as a dictionary with a sole link attribute. The link is the download
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96 link for the file or message. If @verbose is >= 3, the content property
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97 is shown in json as a (possibly very long) string. Currently the json
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98 serializer cannot handle files not properly utf-8 encoded, so specifying
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99 @verbose=3 for files is currently discouraged.
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100 Note that if the class has a key attribute (like e.g., the 'status'
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101 class in the classic tracker), you can get an individual status by
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102 specifying the key-attribute e.g. ``/data/status/name=closed``. Note
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103 that ``name`` in this example must be the key-attribute of the class.
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104 A short-form (which might no longer be supported in future version of
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105 the API) is to specify only the value, e.g. ``/data/status/closed``.
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106 This short-form only works when you're sure that the key of the class is
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107 not numeric.
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108 The long-form (with ``=``) is different from a query-parameter like
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109 ``/data/status?@name=closed`` which would find all stati that have
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110 ``closed`` as a substring.
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111
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112 A ``GET`` method on a property (e.g. ``/data/issue/42/title``) returns the
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113 link, an ``@etag``, the type of the property (e.g. "<type str>") the id
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114 of the item and the content of the property in ``data``.
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115
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116 Only class links support the ``POST`` method for creation of new items
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117 of a class, e.g., a new issue via the ``/data/issue`` link. The post
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118 gets a dictionary of keys/values for the new item. It returns the same
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119 parameters as the GET method after successful creation.
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120
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121 All endpoints support an ``OPTIONS`` method for determining which
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122 methods are allowed on a given endpoint.
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123
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124 The method ``PUT`` is allowed on individual items, e.g.
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125 ``/data/issue/42`` as well as properties, e.g.,
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126 ``/data/issue/42/title``. On success it returns the same parameters as
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127 the respective ``GET`` method. Note that for ``PUT`` an Etag has to be
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128 supplied, either in the request header or as an @etag parameter.
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129
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130 The method ``DELETE`` is allowed on items, e.g., ``/data/issue/42`` and
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131 will retire (mark as deleted) the respective item. On success it will
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132 only return a status code. It is also possible to call ``DELETE`` on a
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133 property of an item, e.g., ``/data/issue/42/nosy`` to delete the nosy
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134 list. The same effect can be achieved with a ``PUT`` request and an
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135 empty new value.
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136
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137 Finally the ``PATCH`` method can be applied to individual items, e.g.,
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138 ``/data/issue/42`` and to properties, e.g., ``/data/issue/42/title``.
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139 This method gets an operator ``@op=<method>`` where ``<method>`` is one
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140 of ``add``, ``replace``, ``remove``, only for an item (not for a
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141 property) an additional operator ``action`` is supported. If no operator
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142 is specified, the default is ``replace``. The first three operators are
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143 self explanatory. For an ``action`` operator an ``@action_name`` and
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144 optional ``@action_argsXXX`` parameters have to be supplied. Currently
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145 there are only two actions, neither has args, namely ``retire`` and
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146 ``restore``. The ``retire`` action on an item is the same as a
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147 ``DELETE`` method, it retires the item. The ``restore`` action is the
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148 inverse of ``retire``, the item is again visible.
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149 On success the returned value is the same as the respective ``GET``
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150 method.
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151
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152 Note that the ``GET`` method on an item (e.g. ``/data/issue/43``)
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153 returns an ETag in the http header *and* the ``@etag`` value. When
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154 modifying the item via ``PUT`` or ``PATCH`` either a ``If-Match`` header
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155 or an ``@etag`` value in the form have to be provided.
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156
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157 sample python client
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158 ====================
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159
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160 The client uses the python ``requests`` library for easier interaction
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161 with a REST API supporting JSON encoding::
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162
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163
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164 >>> import requests
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165 >>> u = 'http://user:password@tracker.example.com/demo/rest/data/'
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166 >>> s = requests.session()
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167 >>> r = s.get(u + 'issue/42/title')
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168 >>> if r.status_code != 200:
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169 ... print("Failed: %s: %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason))
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170 ... exit(1)
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171 >>> print (r.json() ['data']['data']
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172 TEST Title
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173 >>> h = {'X-Requested-With': 'rest', 'Referer': 'http://tracker.example.com/demo/'}
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174 >>> r = s.post (u + 'issue', data = dict (title = 'TEST Issue'), headers=h)
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175 >>> if not 200 <= r.status_code <= 201:
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176 ... print("Failed: %s: %s" % (r.status_code, r.reason))
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177 ... exit(1)
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178 >>> print(r.json())
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179
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180 Retire/Restore::
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181 >>> r = s.delete (u + 'issue/42')
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182 >>> print (r.json())
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183 >>> r = s.get (u + 'issue/42')
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184 >>> etag = r.headers['ETag']
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185 >>> print("ETag: %s" % etag)
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186 >>> etag = r.json()['data']['@etag']
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187 >>> print("@etag: %s" % etag)
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188 >>> h = {'If-Match': etag, 'X-Requested-With': 'rest', 'Referer': 'http://tracker.example.com/demo/'}
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189 >>> d = {'@op:'action', '@action_name':'retire'}
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190 >>> r = s.patch(u + 'issue/42', data = d, headers = h)
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191 >>> print(r.json())
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192 >>> d = {'@op:'action', '@action_name':'restore'}
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193 >>> r = s.patch(u + 'issue/42', data = d, headers = h)
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194 >>> print(r.json())
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195
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196 Note the addition of headers for: x-requested-with and referer. This
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197 allows the request to pass the CSRF protection mechanism. You may need
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198 to add Origin if this check is enabled in your tracker's config.ini.
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199
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200
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201 Adding new rest endpoints
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202 =========================
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203
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204 Add or edit the file interfaces.py at the root of the tracker
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205 directory.
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206
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207 In that file add::
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208
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209 from roundup.rest import Routing, RestfulInstance, _data_decorator
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210 from roundup.exceptions import Unauthorised
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211
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212 class RestfulInstance:
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213
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214 @Routing.route("/summary2")
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215 @_data_decorator
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216 def summary2(self, input):
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217 result = { "hello": "world" }
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218 return 200, result
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219
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220 will make a new endpoint .../rest/summary2 that you can test with::
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221
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222 $ curl -X GET .../rest/summary2
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223 {
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224 "data": {
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225 "hello": "world"
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226 }
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227 }
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228
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229 Similarly appending this to interfaces.py after summary2::
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230
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231 # handle more endpoints
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232 @Routing.route("/data/<:class_name>/@schema", 'GET')
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233 def get_element_schema(self, class_name, input):
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234 result = { "schema": {} }
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235 uid = self.db.getuid ()
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236 if not self.db.security.hasPermission('View', uid, class_name) :
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237 raise Unauthorised('Permission to view %s denied' % class_name)
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238
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239 class_obj = self.db.getclass(class_name)
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240 props = class_obj.getprops(protected=False)
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241 schema = result['schema']
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242
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243 for prop in props:
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244 schema[prop] = { "type": repr(class_obj.properties[prop]) }
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245
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246 return result
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247
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248 ..
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249 the # comment in the example is needed to preserve indention under Class.
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250
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251 returns some data about the class::
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252
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253 $ curl -X GET .../rest/data/issue/@schema
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254 {
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255 "schema": {
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256 "keyword": {
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257 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Multilink to \"keyword\">"
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258 },
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259 "title": {
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260 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.String>"
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261 },
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262 "files": {
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263 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Multilink to \"file\">"
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264 },
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265 "status": {
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266 "type": "<roundup.hyperdb.Link to \"status\">"
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267 }, ...
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268 }
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269 }
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270
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271
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272 Adding other endpoints (e.g. to allow an OPTIONS query against
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273 ``/data/issue/@schema``) is left as an exercise for the reader.
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274
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275 Searches and selection
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276 ======================
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277
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278 One difficult interface issue is selection of items from a long list.
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279 Using multi-item selects requires loading a lot of data (e.g. consider
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280 a selection tool to select one or more issues as in the classic
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281 superseder field).
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282
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283 This can be made easier using javascript selection tools like select2,
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284 selectize.js, chosen etc. These tools can query a remote data provider
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285 to get a list of items for the user to select from.
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286
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287 Consider a multi-select box for the superseder property. Using
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288 selectize.js (and jquery) code similar to::
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289
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290 $('#superseder').selectize({
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291 valueField: 'id',
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292 labelField: 'title',
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293 searchField: 'title', ...
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294 load: function(query, callback) {
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295 if (!query.length) return callback();
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296 $.ajax({
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297 url: '.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&title='
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298 + encodeURIComponent(query),
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299 type: 'GET',
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300 error: function() {callback();},
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301 success: function(res) {
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302 callback(res.data.collection);}
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303
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304 Sets up a box that a user can type the word "request" into. Then
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305 selectize.js will use that word to generate an ajax request with the
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306 url: ``.../rest/data/issue?@verbose=2&title=request``
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307
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308 This will return data like::
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309
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310 {
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311 "data": {
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312 "@total_size": 440,
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313 "collection": [
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314 {
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315 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/8",
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316 "id": "8",
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317 "title": "Request for Power plugs"
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318 },
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319 {
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320 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/27",
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321 "id": "27",
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322 "title": "Request for foo"
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323 },
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324 ...
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325
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326 selectize.js will look at these objects (as passed to
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327 callback(res.data.collection)) and create a select list from the each
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328 object showing the user the labelField (title) for each object and
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329 associating each title with the corresponding valueField (id). The
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330 example above has 440 issues returned from a total of 2000
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331 issues. Only 440 had the word "request" somewhere in the title greatly
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332 reducing the amount of data that needed to be transferred.
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333
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334 Similar code can be set up to search a large list of keywords using::
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335
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336 .../rest/data/keyword?@verbose=2&name=some
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337
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338 which would return: "some keyword" "awesome" "somebody" making
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339 selections for links and multilinks much easier.
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340
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341 Hopefully future enhancements will allow get on a collection to
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342 include other fields. Why do we want this? Selectize.js can set up
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343 option groups (optgroups) in the select pulldown. So by including
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344 status in the returned data::
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345
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346 {
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347 "link": ".../rest/data/issue/27",
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348 "id": "27",
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349 "title": "Request for foo",
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350 'status": "open"
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351 },
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352
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353 a select widget like::
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354
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355 === New ===
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356 A request
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357 === Open ===
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358 Request for bar
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359 Request for foo
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360
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361 etc. can be generated. Also depending on the javascript library, other
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362 fields can be used for subsearch and sorting.
Roundup Issue Tracker: http://roundup-tracker.org/